_____________________________________________________________________

Company Name :
Job Description :
Designed by :
Date and Time : Wednesday, October 30, 2019 6:04:16 PM
(License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1)
_____________________________________________________________________

MATERIAL AND DESIGN DATA

Code of Practice fck, (N/mm²) Ecd, (N/mm²) fyk (N/mm²) fyw (N/mm²) γc γs
EC2 : 2004 35 28398 460 250 1.5 1.15

Cover (mm) Side Cover (mm) Conc. Unit Weight (kN/m³) Steel Unit Weight (kg/m³)
30 30 25 7860

Beam Design Detail Report

DETAIL CALCULATION FOR BEAM RB3(250x500)
Beam Located along grid 3/A-J
Number of Span within beam = 11
Number of Section defined by user = 11
Number of Supports = 12
Beam Cantilever End = Nil.

Section Dimension Data

Length Width Begin Depth End Depth
Span Section
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1 1 3750 250 500 500
2 2 3750 250 500 500
3 3 7500 250 500 500
4 4 7500 250 500 500
5 5 7500 250 500 500
6 6 7500 250 500 500
7 7 7500 250 500 500
8 8 7500 250 500 500
9 9 7500 250 500 500
10 10 3750 250 500 500
11 11 3750 250 500 500

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Maximum Concrete Strain, Ecc = 0.0035
Average Concrete Stress above Neutral Axis, k1 = 16.06 N/mm²
Concrete Lever Arm Factor, k2 = 0.4160
Limiting Effective Depth Factor, cb = 0.45
k2 / k1 Factor, kkk = 0.0259
Limiting Concrete Moment Capacity Factor, kk1 = cb × k1 × (1 - cb * k2) = 0.45 × 16.06 × (1 - 0.45 × 0.4160) = 5.8726 N/mm²

BEAM RB3(250x500) SPAN NO. 1

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 46.8 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 46.8 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.916 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.916 <= 5.873
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
1/93
Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 26.441 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 26.441 / 1000 = 106.13 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 106.13 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 266 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 106.13 × (452.0 - 0.4160 × 26.441) / 1000 = 46.8 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 266 mm²

LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 55.8 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 55.8 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 1.092 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.092 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 31.676 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 31.676 / 1000 = 127.14 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 127.14 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 318 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 127.14 × (452.0 - 0.4160 × 31.676) / 1000 = 55.8 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 318 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 7.4 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 18 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 5 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 18 mm²
Final Top Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 205 + 5 = 210 mm²
Final Bottom Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 318 + 18 = 337 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 12.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 12.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.234 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.234 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 6.640 mm
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
2/93
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 6.640 / 1000 = 26.65 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 26.65 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 67 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 26.65 × (452.0 - 0.4160 × 6.640) / 1000 = 12.0 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 45.4 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 45.4 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.888 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.888 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 25.599 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 25.599 / 1000 = 102.75 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 102.75 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 257 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 102.75 × (452.0 - 0.4160 × 25.599) / 1000 = 45.4 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 257 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 7.4 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 18 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 5 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 18 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 257 + 5 = 262 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 205 + 18 = 224 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 26.3 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 26.3 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.515 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.515 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 14.688 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 14.688 / 1000 = 58.96 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 58.96 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 148 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 58.96 × (452.0 - 0.4160 × 14.688) / 1000 = 26.3 kNm
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
3/93
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 7.4 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 18 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 5 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 18 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 205 + 5 = 210 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 205 + 18 = 224 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Due to auto deflection control or detailing requirement, the top steel bar provided has been changed to
Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)
Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
4/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 7.4 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 18 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 5 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 18 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 205 + 5 = 210 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 205 + 18 = 224 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

TENSILE FORCE WITHIN SPAN

Tension Force (Max) From 3D Analysis, P3D = 7.4 kN

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 7.4 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 19 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required for Side Bar, AsSideReq = 19 / 2 = 9 mm²
Area of Side Bar Provided, AsSideProv = 226 mm² (1X2T12)
Note : Some Portion of Side Bar Steel Area Provided listed above is contributed to resist beam torsion force if required (Refer to
Beam Torsion Checking)

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:938 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 94.1 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 452.0 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 94.1 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.92 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.00 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

5/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 406.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 494.53 kN ≥ 94.06 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.00 / 56.28 + 94.06 / 494.53 = 0.19 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 87.6 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 87.6 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.86 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 87.60 × 1000 / (0.9 × 452.0 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.400 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:938 mm E:2813 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 45.3 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 452.0 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 45.3 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.45 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

6/93
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.00 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 406.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 494.53 kN ≥ 45.31 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.00 / 56.28 + 45.31 / 494.53 = 0.09 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 45.3 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 45.3 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.45 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 45.31 × 1000 / (0.9 × 452.0 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.207 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:2813 mm E:3750 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 76.8 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

7/93
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 452.0 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 76.8 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.76 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.00 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 406.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 494.53 kN ≥ 76.83 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.00 / 56.28 + 76.83 / 494.53 = 0.16 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 72.3 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 72.3 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.71 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 72.30 × 1000 / (0.9 × 452.0 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.330 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

8/93
DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN
Span Length, l = 3750.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 8.3
Design Steel Strength, fyk = 460.0 N/mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq (Ten.) = 337 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv (Ten.) = 402 mm²
Area of Compression Steel Required, AsReq (Comp.) = 0 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 7.4.2(2)

- Expression 7.16.a or Expression 7.16.b and Table 7.4N: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Expression 7.17: Modification factor for steel area provided

Structural System, K = 1.3 (end span)

Required Tension Reinforcement Ratio, ρ = AsTenReq / (b × d)
= 337 / (250.0 × 452.0)
= 0.298 × 10-2
Reference Reinforcement Ratio, ρo = √fck × 0.001 = √35.0 × 0.001 = 0.592 × 10-2
ρ ≤ ρo => Use Expression (7.16.a)
ρo / ρ = 1.988
Basic Span Depth Ratio, BR = K × [11 + 1.5 × √fck × ρo / ρ + 3.2 × √fck × (ρo / ρ - 1)3/2]
= 1.3 × [11 + 1.5 × √35.0 × 1.988 + 3.2 × √35.0 × (1.988 - 1)3/2] = 61.4

Modification Factor for Steel Area Provided,

MFs = (500 / fyk) × (AsTenProv / AsTenReq)
= (500 / 460.0) × (402 / 336)
= 1.30

Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFs × MFF) / Ar = (61.4 × 1.30× 1.0) / 8.3 = 79.8 / 8.3 = 9.61
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED

BEAM RB3(250x500) SPAN NO. 2

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 8.9 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 450.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 8.9 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 450.0²) = 0.176 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.176 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 4.945 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 4.945 / 1000 = 19.85 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 19.85 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 50 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 19.85 × (450.0 - 0.4160 × 4.945) / 1000 = 8.9 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 450.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 450.0 = 205 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 205 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 205 mm²

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

9/93
LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 29.1 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 450.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 29.1 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 450.0²) = 0.574 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.574 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 16.337 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 16.337 / 1000 = 65.58 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 65.58 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 164 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 65.58 × (450.0 - 0.4160 × 16.337) / 1000 = 29.1 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 450.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 450.0 = 205 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 205 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 205 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 86.1 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 215 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 54 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 215 mm²
Final Top Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 204 + 54 = 258 mm²
Final Bottom Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 204 + 215 = 420 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 27.5 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 27.5 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.538 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.538 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 15.377 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 15.377 / 1000 = 61.72 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 61.72 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 155 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 61.72 × (452.0 - 0.4160 × 15.377) / 1000 = 27.5 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
10/93
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 86.1 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 215 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 54 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 215 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 205 + 54 = 259 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 205 + 215 = 421 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 95.3 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 95.3 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.903 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.903 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 55.956 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 55.956 / 1000 = 224.60 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 224.60 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 562 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 224.60 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 55.956) / 1000 = 95.3 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 562 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 117.4 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 117.4 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.345 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.345 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 69.896 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 69.896 / 1000 = 280.56 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 280.56 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 702 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 280.56 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 69.896) / 1000 = 117.4 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
11/93
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 702 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 86.1 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 215 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 54 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 215 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 701 + 54 = 756 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 215 = 419 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 19.8 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 19.8 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.395 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.395 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 11.131 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 11.131 / 1000 = 44.68 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 44.68 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 112 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 44.68 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 11.131) / 1000 = 19.8 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 20.3 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 20.3 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.405 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.405 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 11.408 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 11.408 / 1000 = 45.79 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 45.79 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 115 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 45.79 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 11.408) / 1000 = 20.3 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

12/93
Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 86.1 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 215 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 54 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 215 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 54 = 257 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 215 = 419 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

TENSILE FORCE WITHIN SPAN

Tension Force (Max) From 3D Analysis, P3D = 86.1 kN

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 86.1 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 215 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required for Side Bar, AsSideReq = 215 / 2 = 108 mm²
Area of Side Bar Provided, AsSideProv = 226 mm² (1X2T12)
Note : Some Portion of Side Bar Steel Area Provided listed above is contributed to resist beam torsion force if required (Refer to
Beam Torsion Checking)

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:938 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 54.4 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 452.0 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 54.4 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.54 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.00 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 406.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
13/93
 = 494.53 kN ≥ 54.43 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.00 / 56.28 + 54.43 / 494.53 = 0.11 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 49.9 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 49.9 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.49 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 49.91 × 1000 / (0.9 × 452.0 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.228 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:938 mm E:2813 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 11.6 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 450.0 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 450.0 = 405.0 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 11.6 × 1000 / (250.0 × 405.0) = 0.11 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

14/93
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.00 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 405.0 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 492.34 kN ≥ 11.64 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.00 / 56.28 + 11.64 / 492.34 = 0.02 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 66.7 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 66.7 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.66 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 66.67 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.308 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:2813 mm E:3750 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 115.3 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

15/93
Section Width, b = 250.0 mm
Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 115.3 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.14 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.00 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 115.26 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.00 / 56.28 + 115.26 / 489.60 = 0.24 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 108.6 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 108.6 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.08 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 108.62 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.501 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.501 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.501 mm²/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Span Length, l = 3750.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 450.0 mm
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
16/93
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 8.3
Design Steel Strength, fyk = 460.0 N/mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq (Ten.) = 421 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv (Ten.) = 628 mm²
Area of Compression Steel Required, AsReq (Comp.) = 0 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 7.4.2(2)

- Expression 7.16.a or Expression 7.16.b and Table 7.4N: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Expression 7.17: Modification factor for steel area provided

Structural System, K = 1.5 (interior span)

Required Tension Reinforcement Ratio, ρ = AsTenReq / (b × d)
= 421 / (250.0 × 450.0)
= 0.374 × 10-2
Reference Reinforcement Ratio, ρo = √fck × 0.001 = √35.0 × 0.001 = 0.592 × 10-2
ρ ≤ ρo => Use Expression (7.16.a)
ρo / ρ = 1.584
Basic Span Depth Ratio, BR = K × [11 + 1.5 × √fck × ρo / ρ + 3.2 × √fck × (ρo / ρ - 1)3/2]
= 1.5 × [11 + 1.5 × √35.0 × 1.584 + 3.2 × √35.0 × (1.584 - 1)3/2] = 50.3

Modification Factor for Steel Area Provided,

MFs = (500 / fyk) × (AsTenProv / AsTenReq)
= (500 / 460.0) × (628 / 420)
= 1.63

Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFs × MFF) / Ar = (50.3 × 1.63× 1.0) / 8.3 = 81.7 / 8.3 = 9.80
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED

BEAM RB3(250x500) SPAN NO. 3

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 92.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 92.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.837 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.837 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 53.910 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 53.910 / 1000 = 216.39 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 216.39 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 541 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 216.39 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 53.910) / 1000 = 92.0 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 541 mm²

LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 87.4 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 87.4 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.745 N/mm²
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
17/93
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.745 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 51.054 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 51.054 / 1000 = 204.92 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 204.92 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 513 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 204.92 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 51.054) / 1000 = 87.4 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 513 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 75.0 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 187 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 47 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 187 mm²
Final Top Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 47 = 250 mm²
Final Bottom Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 512 + 187 = 700 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 116.3 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 116.3 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.324 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.324 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 69.219 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 69.219 / 1000 = 277.84 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 277.84 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 695 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 277.84 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 69.219) / 1000 = 116.3 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 695 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 132.3 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 132.3 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.642 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.642 <= 5.873

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

18/93
Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 79.520 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 79.520 / 1000 = 319.18 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 319.18 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 798 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 319.18 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 79.520) / 1000 = 132.3 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 798 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²
Area of Steel Required for Middle Bar, AsMid = 1 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Tension Reinforcement, Aslt
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (7 - 1) / 2 = 3 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Compression Reinforcement, Aslc
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (7 - 1) / 2 = 3 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 75.0 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 187 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 47 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 187 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 798 + 2 + 47 = 848 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 2 + 187 = 393 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 150.8 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 150.8 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 3.012 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 3.012 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 91.782 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 91.782 / 1000 = 368.40 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 368.40 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 922 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 368.40 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 91.782) / 1000 = 150.8 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 922 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 150.2 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 150.2 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 3.001 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
19/93
Mu / bd² = 3.001 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 91.407 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 91.407 / 1000 = 366.90 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 366.90 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 918 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 366.90 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 91.407) / 1000 = 150.2 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 918 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²
Area of Steel Required for Middle Bar, AsMid = 1 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Tension Reinforcement, Aslt
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (7 - 1) / 2 = 3 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Compression Reinforcement, Aslc
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (7 - 1) / 2 = 3 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 75.0 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 187 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 47 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 187 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 917 + 2 + 47 = 967 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 2 + 187 = 393 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
20/93
Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²
Area of Steel Required for Middle Bar, AsMid = 1 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Tension Reinforcement, Aslt
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (7 - 1) / 2 = 3 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Compression Reinforcement, Aslc
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (7 - 1) / 2 = 3 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 75.0 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 187 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 47 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 187 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 2 + 47 = 253 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 2 + 187 = 393 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

TENSILE FORCE WITHIN SPAN

Tension Force (Max) From 3D Analysis, P3D = 75.0 kN

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 75.0 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 188 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required for Side Bar, AsSideReq = 188 / 2 = 94 mm²
Area of Side Bar Provided, AsSideProv = 226 mm² (1X2T12)
Note : Some Portion of Side Bar Steel Area Provided listed above is contributed to resist beam torsion force if required (Refer to
Beam Torsion Checking)

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:1875 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 129.6 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 129.6 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.29 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.07 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
21/93
 = b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 129.63 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.07 / 56.28 + 129.63 / 489.60 = 0.27 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Table 3.1 and Clause 6.3.2(5)

fctk = 2.25N/mm²
Torsion Capacity of Concrete, TRd,c
= 1.33 × fctk × t × Ak / 106
= 1.33 × 2.25 × 83.3 × 69444 / 106
= 17.29 kNm/m

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.2.b

k = 1 + √(200 / d) = 1 + √(200 / 447.5) = 1.7 ≤ 2.0
Steel Percentage, pl = 100 × AsProv / (b × d)
= 100 × 982 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.88 % ≤ 2 %
Minimum Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,cmin
= 0.035 × k3/2 × fck1/2 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.035 × 1.73/2 × 35.01/2 × 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 49.93 kN
Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,c = 0.12 × k × (pl × fck)1/3 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.12 × 1.7 × (0.88 × 35.0)1/3× 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 70.15 kN ≥ 49.93 kN

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.31

Check concrete capacity to resist shear and torsion
TEd / TRd,c + VEd / VRd,c = 0.07 / 17.29 + 129.63 / 70.15 = 1.85 > 1
The concrete is inadequate to resist combined shear force and torsion moment.
Hence, torsion reinforcement is needed.

Additional Torsion Steel Area / Spacing Ratio, TAs_Sv (based on two legs)
= TEd × 106 / (Ak × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 0.07 × 106 / (69444 × 0.87 × 250 × cot 22.0º )
= 0.002 mm²/mm

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.28

Longitudinal Steel Area Required for Torsion, Asl
= TEd × 106 × uk × cot θ / (2 × Ak × fyy × fyk)
= 0.07 × 106 × 1166.7 × cot 22.0 / (2 × 69444.4 × 0.87 × 250)
= 6 mm²

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 123.5 kN

Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 123.5 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.23 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

22/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)
Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 123.52 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.570 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.570 mm²/mm

EC2: Clause 9.2.3(3)

uk / 8 = 1167 / 8 = 146
Svmax = Min(width, depth, uk / 8) = Min(250, 500, 146) = 146 mm
Shear And Torsion Reinforcement Provided : R10-125 (Link spacing is governed by torsion)
Shear And Torsion Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 1.257 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:1875 mm E:5625 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 64.2 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 64.2 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.64 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.07 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 64.24 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.07 / 56.28 + 64.24 / 489.60 = 0.13 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

23/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Table 3.1 and Clause 6.3.2(5)
fctk = 2.25N/mm²
Torsion Capacity of Concrete, TRd,c
= 1.33 × fctk × t × Ak / 106
= 1.33 × 2.25 × 83.3 × 69444 / 106
= 17.29 kNm/m

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.2.b

k = 1 + √(200 / d) = 1 + √(200 / 447.5) = 1.7 ≤ 2.0
Steel Percentage, pl = 100 × AsProv / (b × d)
= 100 × 982 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.88 % ≤ 2 %
Minimum Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,cmin
= 0.035 × k3/2 × fck1/2 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.035 × 1.73/2 × 35.01/2 × 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 49.93 kN
Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,c = 0.12 × k × (pl × fck)1/3 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.12 × 1.7 × (0.88 × 35.0)1/3× 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 70.15 kN ≥ 49.93 kN

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.31

Check Concrete Capacity to Resist Shear and Torsion
TEd / TRd,c + VEd / VRd,c = 0.07 / 17.29 + 64.24 / 70.15 = 0.92 ≤ 1
The concrete is adequate to resist combined shear force and torsion moment.
Hence, no torsion reinforcement is needed.
Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 71.4 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 71.4 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.71 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 71.35 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.329 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:5625 mm E:7500 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 137.1 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

24/93
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 137.1 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.36 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.07 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 137.06 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.07 / 56.28 + 137.06 / 489.60 = 0.28 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Table 3.1 and Clause 6.3.2(5)

fctk = 2.25N/mm²
Torsion Capacity of Concrete, TRd,c
= 1.33 × fctk × t × Ak / 106
= 1.33 × 2.25 × 83.3 × 69444 / 106
= 17.29 kNm/m

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.2.b

k = 1 + √(200 / d) = 1 + √(200 / 447.5) = 1.7 ≤ 2.0
Steel Percentage, pl = 100 × AsProv / (b × d)
= 100 × 982 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.88 % ≤ 2 %
Minimum Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,cmin
= 0.035 × k3/2 × fck1/2 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.035 × 1.73/2 × 35.01/2 × 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 49.93 kN
Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,c = 0.12 × k × (pl × fck)1/3 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.12 × 1.7 × (0.88 × 35.0)1/3× 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 70.15 kN ≥ 49.93 kN

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.31

Check concrete capacity to resist shear and torsion
TEd / TRd,c + VEd / VRd,c = 0.07 / 17.29 + 137.06 / 70.15 = 1.96 > 1
The concrete is inadequate to resist combined shear force and torsion moment.
Hence, torsion reinforcement is needed.

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

25/93
Additional Torsion Steel Area / Spacing Ratio, TAs_Sv (based on two legs)
= TEd × 106 / (Ak × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 0.07 × 106 / (69444 × 0.87 × 250 × cot 22.0º )
= 0.002 mm²/mm

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.28

Longitudinal Steel Area Required for Torsion, Asl
= TEd × 106 × uk × cot θ / (2 × Ak × fyy × fyk)
= 0.07 × 106 × 1166.7 × cot 22.0 / (2 × 69444.4 × 0.87 × 250)
= 6 mm²

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 130.1 kN

Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 130.1 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.29 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 130.05 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.600 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.600 mm²/mm

EC2: Clause 9.2.3(3)

uk / 8 = 1167 / 8 = 146
Svmax = Min(width, depth, uk / 8) = Min(250, 500, 146) = 146 mm
Shear And Torsion Reinforcement Provided : R10-125 (Link spacing is governed by torsion)
Shear And Torsion Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 1.257 mm²/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Span Length, l = 7500.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 16.8
Design Steel Strength, fyk = 460.0 N/mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq (Ten.) = 700 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv (Ten.) = 982 mm²
Area of Compression Steel Required, AsReq (Comp.) = 0 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 7.4.2(2)

- Expression 7.16.a or Expression 7.16.b and Table 7.4N: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Expression 7.17: Modification factor for steel area provided
- Clause 7.4.2(2) Long Span exceeding 7 m

Structural System, K = 1.5 (interior span)

Required Tension Reinforcement Ratio, ρ = AsTenReq / (b × d)
= 700 / (250.0 × 447.5)
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
26/93
 = 0.625 × 10-2
Required Compression Reinforcement Ratio, ρ' = AsComReq / (b × d) = 0
Reference Reinforcement Ratio, ρo = √fck × 0.001 = √35.0 × 0.001 = 0.592 × 10-2
ρ > ρo => Use Expression (7.16.b)
po / (p - p') = 0.946
Basic Span Depth Ratio, BR = K × [11 + 1.5 × √fck × ρo / (ρ - ρ')]
= 1.5 × [11 + 1.5 × √35.0 × 0.946] = 29.1

Modification Factor for Steel Area Provided,

MFs = (500 / fyk) × (AsTenProv / AsTenReq)
= (500 / 460.0) × (982 / 700)
= 1.53

Modification Factor for Long Span,

MFLong = 7000 / 7500 = 0.93

Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFs × MFLong × MFF) / Ar = (29.1 × 1.53 × 0.93× 1.0) / 16.8 = 41.4 / 16.8 = 2.47
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED

BEAM RB3(250x500) SPAN NO. 4

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 82.6 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 82.6 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.649 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.649 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 48.122 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 48.122 / 1000 = 193.16 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 193.16 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 483 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 193.16 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 48.122) / 1000 = 82.6 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 483 mm²

LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 83.8 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 83.8 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.674 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.674 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 48.865 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 48.865 / 1000 = 196.14 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 196.14 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 491 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 196.14 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 48.865) / 1000 = 83.8 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
27/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 491 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 83.3 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 208 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 52 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 208 mm²
Final Top Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 52 = 256 mm²
Final Bottom Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 490 + 208 = 699 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 144.5 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 144.5 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.886 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.886 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 87.567 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 87.567 / 1000 = 351.48 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 351.48 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 879 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 351.48 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 87.567) / 1000 = 144.5 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 879 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 143.4 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 143.4 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.864 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.864 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 86.850 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 86.850 / 1000 = 348.61 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 348.61 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 872 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 348.61 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 86.850) / 1000 = 143.4 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
28/93
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 872 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 83.3 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 208 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 52 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 208 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 872 + 52 = 924 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 208 = 412 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 140.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 140.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.796 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.796 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 84.583 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 84.583 / 1000 = 339.51 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 339.51 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 849 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 339.51 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 84.583) / 1000 = 140.0 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 849 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 144.1 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 144.1 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.878 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.878 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 87.302 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 87.302 / 1000 = 350.42 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 350.42 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 877 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 350.42 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 87.302) / 1000 = 144.1 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
29/93
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 877 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 83.3 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 208 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 52 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 208 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 876 + 52 = 929 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 208 = 412 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 83.3 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 208 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 52 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 208 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 52 = 256 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 208 = 412 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

TENSILE FORCE WITHIN SPAN

Tension Force (Max) From 3D Analysis, P3D = 83.3 kN

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 83.3 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 208 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required for Side Bar, AsSideReq = 208 / 2 = 104 mm²
Area of Side Bar Provided, AsSideProv = 226 mm² (1X2T12)
Note : Some Portion of Side Bar Steel Area Provided listed above is contributed to resist beam torsion force if required (Refer to
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
30/93
Beam Torsion Checking)

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:1875 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 132.7 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 132.7 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.32 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.04 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 132.66 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.04 / 56.28 + 132.66 / 489.60 = 0.27 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 125.7 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 125.7 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.25 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
31/93
Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 125.65 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.580 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.580 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.580 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:1875 mm E:5625 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 67.2 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 67.2 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.67 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.04 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 67.20 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.04 / 56.28 + 67.20 / 489.60 = 0.14 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 67.2 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 67.2 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.67 N/mm²

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

32/93
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 67.20 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.310 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:5625 mm E:7500 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 133.3 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 133.3 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.32 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.04 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 133.30 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

33/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29
Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.04 / 56.28 + 133.30 / 489.60 = 0.27 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 125.8 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 125.8 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.25 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 125.78 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.580 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.580 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.580 mm²/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Span Length, l = 7500.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 16.8
Design Steel Strength, fyk = 460.0 N/mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq (Ten.) = 699 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv (Ten.) = 982 mm²
Area of Compression Steel Required, AsReq (Comp.) = 0 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 7.4.2(2)

- Expression 7.16.a or Expression 7.16.b and Table 7.4N: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Expression 7.17: Modification factor for steel area provided
- Clause 7.4.2(2) Long Span exceeding 7 m

Structural System, K = 1.5 (interior span)

Required Tension Reinforcement Ratio, ρ = AsTenReq / (b × d)
= 699 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.624 × 10-2
Required Compression Reinforcement Ratio, ρ' = AsComReq / (b × d) = 0
Reference Reinforcement Ratio, ρo = √fck × 0.001 = √35.0 × 0.001 = 0.592 × 10-2
ρ > ρo => Use Expression (7.16.b)
po / (p - p') = 0.947
Basic Span Depth Ratio, BR = K × [11 + 1.5 × √fck × ρo / (ρ - ρ')]
= 1.5 × [11 + 1.5 × √35.0 × 0.947] = 29.1

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

34/93
Modification Factor for Steel Area Provided,
MFs = (500 / fyk) × (AsTenProv / AsTenReq)
= (500 / 460.0) × (982 / 699)
= 1.53

Modification Factor for Long Span,

MFLong = 7000 / 7500 = 0.93

Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFs × MFLong × MFF) / Ar = (29.1 × 1.53 × 0.93× 1.0) / 16.8 = 41.5 / 16.8 = 2.48
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED

BEAM RB3(250x500) SPAN NO. 5

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 84.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 84.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.678 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.678 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 49.015 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 49.015 / 1000 = 196.74 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 196.74 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 492 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 196.74 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 49.015) / 1000 = 84.0 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 492 mm²

LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 84.1 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 84.1 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.681 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.681 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 49.084 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 49.084 / 1000 = 197.02 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 197.02 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 493 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 197.02 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 49.084) / 1000 = 84.1 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

35/93
Top Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²
Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 493 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 82.8 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 207 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 52 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 207 mm²
Final Top Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 52 = 255 mm²
Final Bottom Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 493 + 207 = 700 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 140.3 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 140.3 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.802 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.802 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 84.788 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 84.788 / 1000 = 340.33 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 340.33 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 851 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 340.33 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 84.788) / 1000 = 140.3 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 851 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 146.4 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 146.4 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.924 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.924 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 88.847 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 88.847 / 1000 = 356.62 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 356.62 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 892 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 356.62 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 88.847) / 1000 = 146.4 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 892 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

36/93
Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 82.8 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 207 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 52 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 207 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 892 + 52 = 944 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 207 = 410 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 141.2 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 141.2 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.820 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.820 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 85.362 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 85.362 / 1000 = 342.63 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 342.63 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 857 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 342.63 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 85.362) / 1000 = 141.2 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 857 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 140.2 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 140.2 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.800 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.800 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 84.696 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 84.696 / 1000 = 339.96 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 339.96 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 850 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 339.96 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 84.696) / 1000 = 140.2 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 850 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 82.8 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 207 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 52 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 207 mm²

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

37/93
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 850 + 52 = 902 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 207 = 410 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 82.8 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 207 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 52 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 207 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 52 = 255 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 207 = 410 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

TENSILE FORCE WITHIN SPAN

Tension Force (Max) From 3D Analysis, P3D = 82.8 kN

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 82.8 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 207 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required for Side Bar, AsSideReq = 207 / 2 = 104 mm²
Area of Side Bar Provided, AsSideProv = 226 mm² (1X2T12)
Note : Some Portion of Side Bar Steel Area Provided listed above is contributed to resist beam torsion force if required (Refer to
Beam Torsion Checking)

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:1875 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
38/93
Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 133.5 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 133.5 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.33 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.00 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 133.55 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.00 / 56.28 + 133.55 / 489.60 = 0.27 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 126.6 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 126.6 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.26 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 126.57 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.584 mm²/mm

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

39/93
Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.584 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.584 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:1875 mm E:5625 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 68.2 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 68.2 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.68 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.00 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 68.16 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.00 / 56.28 + 68.16 / 489.60 = 0.14 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 68.2 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 68.2 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.68 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

40/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)
Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 68.16 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.315 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:5625 mm E:7500 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 132.3 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 132.3 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.31 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.00 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 132.29 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.00 / 56.28 + 132.29 / 489.60 = 0.27 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 125.1 kN
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
41/93
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 125.1 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.24 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 125.10 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.577 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.577 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.577 mm²/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Span Length, l = 7500.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 16.8
Design Steel Strength, fyk = 460.0 N/mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq (Ten.) = 700 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv (Ten.) = 982 mm²
Area of Compression Steel Required, AsReq (Comp.) = 0 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 7.4.2(2)

- Expression 7.16.a or Expression 7.16.b and Table 7.4N: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Expression 7.17: Modification factor for steel area provided
- Clause 7.4.2(2) Long Span exceeding 7 m

Structural System, K = 1.5 (interior span)

Required Tension Reinforcement Ratio, ρ = AsTenReq / (b × d)
= 700 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.625 × 10-2
Required Compression Reinforcement Ratio, ρ' = AsComReq / (b × d) = 0
Reference Reinforcement Ratio, ρo = √fck × 0.001 = √35.0 × 0.001 = 0.592 × 10-2
ρ > ρo => Use Expression (7.16.b)
po / (p - p') = 0.946
Basic Span Depth Ratio, BR = K × [11 + 1.5 × √fck × ρo / (ρ - ρ')]
= 1.5 × [11 + 1.5 × √35.0 × 0.946] = 29.1

Modification Factor for Steel Area Provided,

MFs = (500 / fyk) × (AsTenProv / AsTenReq)
= (500 / 460.0) × (982 / 699)
= 1.53

Modification Factor for Long Span,

MFLong = 7000 / 7500 = 0.93

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

42/93
Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFs × MFLong × MFF) / Ar = (29.1 × 1.53 × 0.93× 1.0) / 16.8 = 41.4 / 16.8 = 2.47
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED

BEAM RB3(250x500) SPAN NO. 6

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 83.8 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 83.8 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.674 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.674 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 48.864 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 48.864 / 1000 = 196.13 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 196.13 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 491 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 196.13 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 48.864) / 1000 = 83.8 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 491 mm²

LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 84.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 84.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.678 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.678 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 48.991 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 48.991 / 1000 = 196.65 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 196.65 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 492 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 196.65 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 48.991) / 1000 = 84.0 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 492 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 74.3 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 186 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 46 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 186 mm²
Final Top Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 46 = 250 mm²
Final Bottom Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 492 + 186 = 678 mm²
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
43/93
Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)
Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 141.2 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 141.2 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.821 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.821 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 85.407 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 85.407 / 1000 = 342.81 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 342.81 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 858 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 342.81 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 85.407) / 1000 = 141.2 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 858 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 150.2 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 150.2 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 3.001 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 3.001 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 91.415 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 91.415 / 1000 = 366.93 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 366.93 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 918 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 366.93 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 91.415) / 1000 = 150.2 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 918 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 74.3 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 186 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 46 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 186 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 917 + 46 = 964 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 186 = 389 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

44/93
LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 141.3 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 141.3 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.822 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.822 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 85.431 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 85.431 / 1000 = 342.91 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 342.91 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 858 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 342.91 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 85.431) / 1000 = 141.3 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 858 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 136.7 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 136.7 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.731 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.731 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 82.448 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 82.448 / 1000 = 330.94 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 330.94 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 828 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 330.94 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 82.448) / 1000 = 136.7 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 828 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 74.3 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 186 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 46 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 186 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 827 + 46 = 874 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 186 = 389 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
45/93
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 74.3 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 186 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 46 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 186 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 46 = 250 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 186 = 389 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

TENSILE FORCE WITHIN SPAN

Tension Force (Max) From 3D Analysis, P3D = 74.3 kN

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 74.3 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 186 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required for Side Bar, AsSideReq = 186 / 2 = 93 mm²
Area of Side Bar Provided, AsSideProv = 226 mm² (1X2T12)
Note : Some Portion of Side Bar Steel Area Provided listed above is contributed to resist beam torsion force if required (Refer to
Beam Torsion Checking)

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:1875 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 134.6 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
46/93
Section Width, b = 250.0 mm
Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 134.6 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.34 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.04 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 134.59 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.04 / 56.28 + 134.59 / 489.60 = 0.28 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 127.6 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 127.6 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.27 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 127.62 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.589 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.589 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.589 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:1875 mm E:5625 mm from left grid of span)
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
47/93
Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm
Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 69.2 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 69.2 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.69 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.04 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 69.20 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.04 / 56.28 + 69.20 / 489.60 = 0.14 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 69.2 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 69.2 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.69 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

48/93
 = 69.20 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.319 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:5625 mm E:7500 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 132.1 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 132.1 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.31 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.04 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 132.05 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.04 / 56.28 + 132.05 / 489.60 = 0.27 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 125.0 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 125.0 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.24 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

49/93
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 125.04 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.577 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.577 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.577 mm²/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Span Length, l = 7500.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 16.8
Design Steel Strength, fyk = 460.0 N/mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq (Ten.) = 678 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv (Ten.) = 982 mm²
Area of Compression Steel Required, AsReq (Comp.) = 0 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 7.4.2(2)

- Expression 7.16.a or Expression 7.16.b and Table 7.4N: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Expression 7.17: Modification factor for steel area provided
- Clause 7.4.2(2) Long Span exceeding 7 m

Structural System, K = 1.5 (interior span)

Required Tension Reinforcement Ratio, ρ = AsTenReq / (b × d)
= 678 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.605 × 10-2
Required Compression Reinforcement Ratio, ρ' = AsComReq / (b × d) = 0
Reference Reinforcement Ratio, ρo = √fck × 0.001 = √35.0 × 0.001 = 0.592 × 10-2
ρ > ρo => Use Expression (7.16.b)
po / (p - p') = 0.977
Basic Span Depth Ratio, BR = K × [11 + 1.5 × √fck × ρo / (ρ - ρ')]
= 1.5 × [11 + 1.5 × √35.0 × 0.977] = 29.5

Modification Factor for Steel Area Provided,

MFs = (500 / fyk) × (AsTenProv / AsTenReq)
= (500 / 460.0) × (982 / 677)
= 1.58

Modification Factor for Long Span,

MFLong = 7000 / 7500 = 0.93

Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFs × MFLong × MFF) / Ar = (29.5 × 1.58 × 0.93× 1.0) / 16.8 = 43.4 / 16.8 = 2.59
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED

BEAM RB3(250x500) SPAN NO. 7

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
50/93
Design Bending Moment = 84.3 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 84.3 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.684 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.684 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 49.195 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 49.195 / 1000 = 197.46 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 197.46 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 494 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 197.46 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 49.195) / 1000 = 84.3 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 494 mm²

LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 83.2 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 83.2 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.663 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.663 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 48.529 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 48.529 / 1000 = 194.79 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 194.79 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 487 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 194.79 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 48.529) / 1000 = 83.2 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 487 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 59.6 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 149 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 37 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 149 mm²
Final Top Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 37 = 241 mm²
Final Bottom Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 487 + 149 = 636 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 142.1 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 142.1 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.839 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

51/93
Mu / bd² = 2.839 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 86.001 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 86.001 / 1000 = 345.20 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 345.20 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 863 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 345.20 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 86.001) / 1000 = 142.1 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 863 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 152.2 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 152.2 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 3.041 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 3.041 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 92.755 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 92.755 / 1000 = 372.31 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 372.31 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 931 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 372.31 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 92.755) / 1000 = 152.2 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 931 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²
Area of Steel Required for Middle Bar, AsMid = 2 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Tension Reinforcement, Aslt
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (8 - 2) / 2 = 3 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Compression Reinforcement, Aslc
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (8 - 2) / 2 = 3 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 59.6 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 149 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 37 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 149 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 931 + 3 + 37 = 971 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 3 + 149 = 355 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 142.8 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
52/93
Mu / bd² = 142.8 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.853 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.853 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 86.467 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 86.467 / 1000 = 347.07 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 347.07 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 868 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 347.07 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 86.467) / 1000 = 142.8 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 868 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 138.7 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 138.7 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.770 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.770 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 83.708 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 83.708 / 1000 = 335.99 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 335.99 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 840 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 335.99 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 83.708) / 1000 = 138.7 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 840 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²
Area of Steel Required for Middle Bar, AsMid = 2 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Tension Reinforcement, Aslt
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (8 - 2) / 2 = 3 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Compression Reinforcement, Aslc
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (8 - 2) / 2 = 3 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 59.6 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 149 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 37 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 149 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 840 + 3 + 37 = 881 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 3 + 149 = 355 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

53/93
LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Area of Steel Required for Middle Bar, AsMid = 2 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Tension Reinforcement, Aslt
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (8 - 2) / 2 = 3 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Compression Reinforcement, Aslc
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (8 - 2) / 2 = 3 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 59.6 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 149 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 37 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 149 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 3 + 37 = 244 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 3 + 149 = 355 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

TENSILE FORCE WITHIN SPAN

Tension Force (Max) From 3D Analysis, P3D = 59.6 kN

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 59.6 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 149 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required for Side Bar, AsSideReq = 149 / 2 = 75 mm²
Area of Side Bar Provided, AsSideProv = 226 mm² (1X2T12)
Note : Some Portion of Side Bar Steel Area Provided listed above is contributed to resist beam torsion force if required (Refer to
Beam Torsion Checking)

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:1875 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 134.8 kN
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
54/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 134.8 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.34 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.08 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 134.80 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.08 / 56.28 + 134.80 / 489.60 = 0.28 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Table 3.1 and Clause 6.3.2(5)

fctk = 2.25N/mm²
Torsion Capacity of Concrete, TRd,c
= 1.33 × fctk × t × Ak / 106
= 1.33 × 2.25 × 83.3 × 69444 / 106
= 17.29 kNm/m

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.2.b

k = 1 + √(200 / d) = 1 + √(200 / 447.5) = 1.7 ≤ 2.0
Steel Percentage, pl = 100 × AsProv / (b × d)
= 100 × 982 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.88 % ≤ 2 %
Minimum Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,cmin
= 0.035 × k3/2 × fck1/2 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.035 × 1.73/2 × 35.01/2 × 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 49.93 kN
Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,c = 0.12 × k × (pl × fck)1/3 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.12 × 1.7 × (0.88 × 35.0)1/3× 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 70.15 kN ≥ 49.93 kN

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.31

Check concrete capacity to resist shear and torsion
TEd / TRd,c + VEd / VRd,c = 0.08 / 17.29 + 134.80 / 70.15 = 1.93 > 1

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

55/93
The concrete is inadequate to resist combined shear force and torsion moment.
Hence, torsion reinforcement is needed.

Additional Torsion Steel Area / Spacing Ratio, TAs_Sv (based on two legs)
= TEd × 106 / (Ak × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 0.08 × 106 / (69444 × 0.87 × 250 × cot 22.0º )
= 0.002 mm²/mm

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.28

Longitudinal Steel Area Required for Torsion, Asl
= TEd × 106 × uk × cot θ / (2 × Ak × fyy × fyk)
= 0.08 × 106 × 1166.7 × cot 22.0 / (2 × 69444.4 × 0.87 × 250)
= 7 mm²

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 127.8 kN

Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 127.8 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.27 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 127.82 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.590 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.590 mm²/mm

EC2: Clause 9.2.3(3)

uk / 8 = 1167 / 8 = 146
Svmax = Min(width, depth, uk / 8) = Min(250, 500, 146) = 146 mm
Shear And Torsion Reinforcement Provided : R10-125 (Link spacing is governed by torsion)
Shear And Torsion Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 1.257 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:1875 mm E:5625 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 69.4 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
56/93
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 69.4 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.69 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.08 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 69.41 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.08 / 56.28 + 69.41 / 489.60 = 0.14 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Table 3.1 and Clause 6.3.2(5)

fctk = 2.25N/mm²
Torsion Capacity of Concrete, TRd,c
= 1.33 × fctk × t × Ak / 106
= 1.33 × 2.25 × 83.3 × 69444 / 106
= 17.29 kNm/m

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.2.b

k = 1 + √(200 / d) = 1 + √(200 / 447.5) = 1.7 ≤ 2.0
Steel Percentage, pl = 100 × AsProv / (b × d)
= 100 × 982 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.88 % ≤ 2 %
Minimum Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,cmin
= 0.035 × k3/2 × fck1/2 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.035 × 1.73/2 × 35.01/2 × 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 49.93 kN
Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,c = 0.12 × k × (pl × fck)1/3 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.12 × 1.7 × (0.88 × 35.0)1/3× 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 70.15 kN ≥ 49.93 kN

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.31

Check Concrete Capacity to Resist Shear and Torsion
TEd / TRd,c + VEd / VRd,c = 0.08 / 17.29 + 69.41 / 70.15 = 0.99 ≤ 1
The concrete is adequate to resist combined shear force and torsion moment.
Hence, no torsion reinforcement is needed.
Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 69.4 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 69.4 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.69 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

57/93
 = 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 69.41 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.320 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:5625 mm E:7500 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 131.7 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 131.7 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.31 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.08 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 131.72 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.08 / 56.28 + 131.72 / 489.60 = 0.27 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

58/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Table 3.1 and Clause 6.3.2(5)
fctk = 2.25N/mm²
Torsion Capacity of Concrete, TRd,c
= 1.33 × fctk × t × Ak / 106
= 1.33 × 2.25 × 83.3 × 69444 / 106
= 17.29 kNm/m

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.2.b

k = 1 + √(200 / d) = 1 + √(200 / 447.5) = 1.7 ≤ 2.0
Steel Percentage, pl = 100 × AsProv / (b × d)
= 100 × 982 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.88 % ≤ 2 %
Minimum Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,cmin
= 0.035 × k3/2 × fck1/2 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.035 × 1.73/2 × 35.01/2 × 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 49.93 kN
Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,c = 0.12 × k × (pl × fck)1/3 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.12 × 1.7 × (0.88 × 35.0)1/3× 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 70.15 kN ≥ 49.93 kN

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.31

Check concrete capacity to resist shear and torsion
TEd / TRd,c + VEd / VRd,c = 0.08 / 17.29 + 131.72 / 70.15 = 1.88 > 1
The concrete is inadequate to resist combined shear force and torsion moment.
Hence, torsion reinforcement is needed.

Additional Torsion Steel Area / Spacing Ratio, TAs_Sv (based on two legs)
= TEd × 106 / (Ak × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 0.08 × 106 / (69444 × 0.87 × 250 × cot 22.0º )
= 0.002 mm²/mm

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.28

Longitudinal Steel Area Required for Torsion, Asl
= TEd × 106 × uk × cot θ / (2 × Ak × fyy × fyk)
= 0.08 × 106 × 1166.7 × cot 22.0 / (2 × 69444.4 × 0.87 × 250)
= 7 mm²

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 125.6 kN

Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 125.6 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.25 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 125.58 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.580 mm²/mm

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

59/93
Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.580 mm²/mm

EC2: Clause 9.2.3(3)

uk / 8 = 1167 / 8 = 146
Svmax = Min(width, depth, uk / 8) = Min(250, 500, 146) = 146 mm
Shear And Torsion Reinforcement Provided : R10-125 (Link spacing is governed by torsion)
Shear And Torsion Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 1.257 mm²/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Span Length, l = 7500.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 16.8
Design Steel Strength, fyk = 460.0 N/mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq (Ten.) = 636 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv (Ten.) = 982 mm²
Area of Compression Steel Required, AsReq (Comp.) = 0 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 7.4.2(2)

- Expression 7.16.a or Expression 7.16.b and Table 7.4N: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Expression 7.17: Modification factor for steel area provided
- Clause 7.4.2(2) Long Span exceeding 7 m

Structural System, K = 1.5 (interior span)

Required Tension Reinforcement Ratio, ρ = AsTenReq / (b × d)
= 636 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.568 × 10-2
Reference Reinforcement Ratio, ρo = √fck × 0.001 = √35.0 × 0.001 = 0.592 × 10-2
ρ ≤ ρo => Use Expression (7.16.a)
ρo / ρ = 1.041
Basic Span Depth Ratio, BR = K × [11 + 1.5 × √fck × ρo / ρ + 3.2 × √fck × (ρo / ρ - 1)3/2]
= 1.5 × [11 + 1.5 × √35.0 × 1.041 + 3.2 × √35.0 × (1.041 - 1)3/2] = 30.6

Modification Factor for Steel Area Provided,

MFs = (500 / fyk) × (AsTenProv / AsTenReq)
= (500 / 460.0) × (982 / 636)
= 1.68

Modification Factor for Long Span,

MFLong = 7000 / 7500 = 0.93

Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFs × MFLong × MFF) / Ar = (30.6 × 1.68 × 0.93× 1.0) / 16.8 = 47.9 / 16.8 = 2.86
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED

BEAM RB3(250x500) SPAN NO. 8

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 82.8 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 450.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 82.8 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 450.0²) = 1.635 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.635 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 47.944 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 47.944 / 1000 = 192.44 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 192.44 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 482 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 192.44 × (450.0 - 0.4160 × 47.944) / 1000 = 82.8 kNm
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
60/93
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 450.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 450.0 = 205 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 205 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 482 mm²

LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 83.1 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 450.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 83.1 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 450.0²) = 1.641 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.641 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 48.130 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 48.130 / 1000 = 193.19 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 193.19 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 483 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 193.19 × (450.0 - 0.4160 × 48.130) / 1000 = 83.1 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 450.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 450.0 = 205 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 205 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 483 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 47.2 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 118 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 30 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 118 mm²
Final Top Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 204 + 30 = 234 mm²
Final Bottom Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 483 + 118 = 601 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 142.9 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 142.9 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.854 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.854 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 86.518 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 86.518 / 1000 = 347.27 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 347.27 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 869 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 347.27 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 86.518) / 1000 = 142.9 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

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AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 869 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 152.4 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 152.4 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 3.044 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 3.044 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 92.868 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 92.868 / 1000 = 372.76 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 372.76 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 932 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 372.76 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 92.868) / 1000 = 152.4 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 932 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²
Area of Steel Required for Middle Bar, AsMid = 1 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Tension Reinforcement, Aslt
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (5 - 1) / 2 = 2 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Compression Reinforcement, Aslc
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (5 - 1) / 2 = 2 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 47.2 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 118 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 30 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 118 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 932 + 2 + 30 = 964 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 2 + 118 = 323 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 148.3 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 148.3 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.963 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.963 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 90.124 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 90.124 / 1000 = 361.75 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 361.75 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 905 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 361.75 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 90.124) / 1000 = 148.3 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

62/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 905 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 140.3 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 140.3 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.803 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.803 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 84.806 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 84.806 / 1000 = 340.40 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 340.40 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 852 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 340.40 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 84.806) / 1000 = 140.3 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 852 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²
Area of Steel Required for Middle Bar, AsMid = 1 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Tension Reinforcement, Aslt
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (5 - 1) / 2 = 2 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Compression Reinforcement, Aslc
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (5 - 1) / 2 = 2 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 47.2 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 118 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 30 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 118 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 851 + 2 + 30 = 883 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 2 + 118 = 323 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

63/93
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Area of Steel Required for Middle Bar, AsMid = 1 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Tension Reinforcement, Aslt
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (5 - 1) / 2 = 2 mm²
Portion of Longitudinal Torsion Steel Area Distributed to Compression Reinforcement, Aslc
= (Asl - AsMid) / 2 = (5 - 1) / 2 = 2 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 47.2 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 118 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 30 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 118 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 2 + 30 = 235 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 2 + 118 = 323 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

TENSILE FORCE WITHIN SPAN

Tension Force (Max) From 3D Analysis, P3D = 47.2 kN

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 47.2 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 118 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required for Side Bar, AsSideReq = 118 / 2 = 59 mm²
Area of Side Bar Provided, AsSideProv = 226 mm² (1X2T12)
Note : Some Portion of Side Bar Steel Area Provided listed above is contributed to resist beam torsion force if required (Refer to
Beam Torsion Checking)

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:1875 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 134.1 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
64/93
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 134.1 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.33 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.05 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 134.06 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.05 / 56.28 + 134.06 / 489.60 = 0.27 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Table 3.1 and Clause 6.3.2(5)

fctk = 2.25N/mm²
Torsion Capacity of Concrete, TRd,c
= 1.33 × fctk × t × Ak / 106
= 1.33 × 2.25 × 83.3 × 69444 / 106
= 17.29 kNm/m

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.2.b

k = 1 + √(200 / d) = 1 + √(200 / 447.5) = 1.7 ≤ 2.0
Steel Percentage, pl = 100 × AsProv / (b × d)
= 100 × 982 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.88 % ≤ 2 %
Minimum Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,cmin
= 0.035 × k3/2 × fck1/2 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.035 × 1.73/2 × 35.01/2 × 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 49.93 kN
Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,c = 0.12 × k × (pl × fck)1/3 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.12 × 1.7 × (0.88 × 35.0)1/3× 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 70.15 kN ≥ 49.93 kN

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.31

Check concrete capacity to resist shear and torsion
TEd / TRd,c + VEd / VRd,c = 0.05 / 17.29 + 134.06 / 70.15 = 1.91 > 1
The concrete is inadequate to resist combined shear force and torsion moment.
Hence, torsion reinforcement is needed.

Additional Torsion Steel Area / Spacing Ratio, TAs_Sv (based on two legs)
= TEd × 106 / (Ak × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 0.05 × 106 / (69444 × 0.87 × 250 × cot 22.0º )
= 0.001 mm²/mm

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.28

Longitudinal Steel Area Required for Torsion, Asl

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

65/93
 = TEd × 106 × uk × cot θ / (2 × Ak × fyy × fyk)
= 0.05 × 106 × 1166.7 × cot 22.0 / (2 × 69444.4 × 0.87 × 250)
= 5 mm²

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 128.0 kN

Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 128.0 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.27 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 127.96 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.590 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.590 mm²/mm

EC2: Clause 9.2.3(3)

uk / 8 = 1167 / 8 = 146
Svmax = Min(width, depth, uk / 8) = Min(250, 500, 146) = 146 mm
Shear And Torsion Reinforcement Provided : R10-125 (Link spacing is governed by torsion)
Shear And Torsion Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 1.257 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:1875 mm E:5625 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 68.7 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 450.0 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 450.0 = 405.0 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 68.7 × 1000 / (250.0 × 405.0) = 0.68 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
66/93
 = 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.05 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 405.0 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 492.34 kN ≥ 68.67 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.05 / 56.28 + 68.67 / 492.34 = 0.14 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Table 3.1 and Clause 6.3.2(5)

fctk = 2.25N/mm²
Torsion Capacity of Concrete, TRd,c
= 1.33 × fctk × t × Ak / 106
= 1.33 × 2.25 × 83.3 × 69444 / 106
= 17.29 kNm/m

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.2.b

k = 1 + √(200 / d) = 1 + √(200 / 450.0) = 1.7 ≤ 2.0
Steel Percentage, pl = 100 × AsProv / (b × d)
= 100 × 628 / (250.0 × 450.0)
= 0.56 % ≤ 2 %
Minimum Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,cmin
= 0.035 × k3/2 × fck1/2 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.035 × 1.73/2 × 35.01/2 × 250.0 × 450.0 × 0.001
= 50.12 kN
Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,c = 0.12 × k × (pl × fck)1/3 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.12 × 1.7 × (0.56 × 35.0)1/3× 250.0 × 450.0 × 0.001
= 60.61 kN ≥ 50.12 kN

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.31

Check concrete capacity to resist shear and torsion
TEd / TRd,c + VEd / VRd,c = 0.05 / 17.29 + 68.67 / 60.61 = 1.14 > 1
The concrete is inadequate to resist combined shear force and torsion moment.
Hence, torsion reinforcement is needed.

Additional Torsion Steel Area / Spacing Ratio, TAs_Sv (based on two legs)
= TEd × 106 / (Ak × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 0.05 × 106 / (69444 × 0.87 × 250 × cot 22.0º )
= 0.001 mm²/mm

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.28

Longitudinal Steel Area Required for Torsion, Asl
= TEd × 106 × uk × cot θ / (2 × Ak × fyy × fyk)
= 0.05 × 106 × 1166.7 × cot 22.0 / (2 × 69444.4 × 0.87 × 250)
= 5 mm²

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 68.7 kN

Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 450.0 = 405.0 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 68.7 × 1000 / (250.0 × 405.0) = 0.68 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

67/93
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 68.67 × 1000 / (0.9 × 450.0 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.315 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

EC2: Clause 9.2.3(3)

uk / 8 = 1167 / 8 = 146
Svmax = Min(width, depth, uk / 8) = Min(250, 500, 146) = 146 mm
Shear And Torsion Reinforcement Provided : R10-125 (Link spacing is governed by torsion)
Shear And Torsion Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 1.257 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:5625 mm E:7500 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.1 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 132.8 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 132.8 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.32 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.05 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 132.85 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
68/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29
Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.05 / 56.28 + 132.85 / 489.60 = 0.27 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Table 3.1 and Clause 6.3.2(5)

fctk = 2.25N/mm²
Torsion Capacity of Concrete, TRd,c
= 1.33 × fctk × t × Ak / 106
= 1.33 × 2.25 × 83.3 × 69444 / 106
= 17.29 kNm/m

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.2.b

k = 1 + √(200 / d) = 1 + √(200 / 447.5) = 1.7 ≤ 2.0
Steel Percentage, pl = 100 × AsProv / (b × d)
= 100 × 982 / (250.0 × 447.5)
= 0.88 % ≤ 2 %
Minimum Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,cmin
= 0.035 × k3/2 × fck1/2 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.035 × 1.73/2 × 35.01/2 × 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 49.93 kN
Shear Capacity of Concrete, VRd,c = 0.12 × k × (pl × fck)1/3 × b × d × 0.001
= 0.12 × 1.7 × (0.88 × 35.0)1/3× 250.0 × 447.5 × 0.001
= 70.15 kN ≥ 49.93 kN

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.31

Check concrete capacity to resist shear and torsion
TEd / TRd,c + VEd / VRd,c = 0.05 / 17.29 + 132.85 / 70.15 = 1.90 > 1
The concrete is inadequate to resist combined shear force and torsion moment.
Hence, torsion reinforcement is needed.

Additional Torsion Steel Area / Spacing Ratio, TAs_Sv (based on two legs)
= TEd × 106 / (Ak × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 0.05 × 106 / (69444 × 0.87 × 250 × cot 22.0º )
= 0.001 mm²/mm

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.28

Longitudinal Steel Area Required for Torsion, Asl
= TEd × 106 × uk × cot θ / (2 × Ak × fyy × fyk)
= 0.05 × 106 × 1166.7 × cot 22.0 / (2 × 69444.4 × 0.87 × 250)
= 5 mm²

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 126.7 kN

Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 126.7 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.26 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

69/93
 = 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 126.72 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.585 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.585 mm²/mm

EC2: Clause 9.2.3(3)

uk / 8 = 1167 / 8 = 146
Svmax = Min(width, depth, uk / 8) = Min(250, 500, 146) = 146 mm
Shear And Torsion Reinforcement Provided : R10-125 (Link spacing is governed by torsion)
Shear And Torsion Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 1.257 mm²/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Span Length, l = 7500.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 450.0 mm
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 16.7
Design Steel Strength, fyk = 460.0 N/mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq (Ten.) = 601 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv (Ten.) = 628 mm²
Area of Compression Steel Required, AsReq (Comp.) = 0 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 7.4.2(2)

- Expression 7.16.a or Expression 7.16.b and Table 7.4N: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Expression 7.17: Modification factor for steel area provided
- Clause 7.4.2(2) Long Span exceeding 7 m

Structural System, K = 1.5 (interior span)

Required Tension Reinforcement Ratio, ρ = AsTenReq / (b × d)
= 601 / (250.0 × 450.0)
= 0.534 × 10-2
Reference Reinforcement Ratio, ρo = √fck × 0.001 = √35.0 × 0.001 = 0.592 × 10-2
ρ ≤ ρo => Use Expression (7.16.a)
ρo / ρ = 1.107
Basic Span Depth Ratio, BR = K × [11 + 1.5 × √fck × ρo / ρ + 3.2 × √fck × (ρo / ρ - 1)3/2]
= 1.5 × [11 + 1.5 × √35.0 × 1.107 + 3.2 × √35.0 × (1.107 - 1)3/2] = 32.2

Modification Factor for Steel Area Provided,

MFs = (500 / fyk) × (AsTenProv / AsTenReq)
= (500 / 460.0) × (628 / 601)
= 1.14

Modification Factor for Long Span,

MFLong = 7000 / 7500 = 0.93

Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFs × MFLong × MFF) / Ar = (32.2 × 1.14 × 0.93× 1.0) / 16.7 = 34.2 / 16.7 = 2.05
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED

BEAM RB3(250x500) SPAN NO. 9

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 92.5 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 450.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 92.5 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 450.0²) = 1.827 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.827 <= 5.873

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

70/93
Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 53.890 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 53.890 / 1000 = 216.31 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 216.31 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 541 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 216.31 × (450.0 - 0.4160 × 53.890) / 1000 = 92.5 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 450.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 450.0 = 205 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 205 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 541 mm²

LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 87.2 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 450.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 87.2 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 450.0²) = 1.722 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.722 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 50.627 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 50.627 / 1000 = 203.21 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 203.21 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 509 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 203.21 × (450.0 - 0.4160 × 50.627) / 1000 = 87.2 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 450.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 450.0 = 205 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 205 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 509 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 33.8 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 84 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 21 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 84 mm²
Final Top Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 204 + 21 = 226 mm²
Final Bottom Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 508 + 84 = 593 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 153.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 153.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 3.057 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 3.057 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 93.293 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 93.293 / 1000 = 374.47 kN

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

71/93
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 374.47 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 937 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 374.47 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 93.293) / 1000 = 153.0 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 937 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 156.7 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 156.7 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 3.130 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 3.130 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 95.773 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 95.773 / 1000 = 384.42 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 384.42 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 962 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 384.42 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 95.773) / 1000 = 156.7 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 962 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 33.8 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 84 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 21 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 84 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 961 + 21 = 983 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 84 = 288 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 117.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 117.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.338 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.338 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 69.672 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 69.672 / 1000 = 279.66 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 279.66 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 700 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 279.66 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 69.672) / 1000 = 117.0 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

72/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 700 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 127.9 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 127.9 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.556 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.556 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 76.695 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 76.695 / 1000 = 307.85 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 307.85 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 770 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 307.85 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 76.695) / 1000 = 127.9 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 770 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 33.8 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 84 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 21 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 84 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 770 + 21 = 791 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 84 = 288 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

73/93
LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 33.8 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 84 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 21 mm²
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 84 mm²
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 21 = 225 mm²
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 203 + 84 = 288 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T20 (628 mm²)

TENSILE FORCE WITHIN SPAN

Tension Force (Max) From 3D Analysis, P3D = 33.8 kN

Additional Tension Steel Required along span (Axial Load), Ast = Ft / (fyy × fy) = 33.8 × 10³ / (0.8696 × 460) = 85 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required for Side Bar, AsSideReq = 85 / 2 = 42 mm²
Area of Side Bar Provided, AsSideProv = 226 mm² (1X2T12)
Note : Some Portion of Side Bar Steel Area Provided listed above is contributed to resist beam torsion force if required (Refer to
Beam Torsion Checking)

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:1875 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 136.9 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 136.9 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.36 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
74/93
 = 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.01 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 136.85 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.01 / 56.28 + 136.85 / 489.60 = 0.28 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 130.7 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 130.7 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.30 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 130.72 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.603 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.603 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.603 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:1875 mm E:5625 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 71.1 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 450.0 mm

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

75/93
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 450.0 = 405.0 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 71.1 × 1000 / (250.0 × 405.0) = 0.70 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.01 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 405.0 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 492.34 kN ≥ 71.15 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.01 / 56.28 + 71.15 / 492.34 = 0.14 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 71.1 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 450.0 = 405.0 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 71.1 × 1000 / (250.0 × 405.0) = 0.70 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 71.15 × 1000 / (0.9 × 450.0 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.326 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:5625 mm E:7500 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 128.8 kN
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
76/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 128.8 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.28 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.01 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 128.79 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.01 / 56.28 + 128.79 / 489.60 = 0.26 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 122.2 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 122.2 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.21 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 122.22 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.564 mm²/mm

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

77/93
Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.564 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.564 mm²/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Span Length, l = 7500.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 450.0 mm
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 16.7
Design Steel Strength, fyk = 460.0 N/mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq (Ten.) = 593 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv (Ten.) = 628 mm²
Area of Compression Steel Required, AsReq (Comp.) = 0 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 7.4.2(2)

- Expression 7.16.a or Expression 7.16.b and Table 7.4N: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Expression 7.17: Modification factor for steel area provided
- Clause 7.4.2(2) Long Span exceeding 7 m

Structural System, K = 1.5 (interior span)

Required Tension Reinforcement Ratio, ρ = AsTenReq / (b × d)
= 593 / (250.0 × 450.0)
= 0.527 × 10-2
Reference Reinforcement Ratio, ρo = √fck × 0.001 = √35.0 × 0.001 = 0.592 × 10-2
ρ ≤ ρo => Use Expression (7.16.a)
ρo / ρ = 1.123
Basic Span Depth Ratio, BR = K × [11 + 1.5 × √fck × ρo / ρ + 3.2 × √fck × (ρo / ρ - 1)3/2]
= 1.5 × [11 + 1.5 × √35.0 × 1.123 + 3.2 × √35.0 × (1.123 - 1)3/2] = 32.7

Modification Factor for Steel Area Provided,

MFs = (500 / fyk) × (AsTenProv / AsTenReq)
= (500 / 460.0) × (628 / 592)
= 1.15

Modification Factor for Long Span,

MFLong = 7000 / 7500 = 0.93

Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFs × MFLong × MFF) / Ar = (32.7 × 1.15 × 0.93× 1.0) / 16.7 = 35.2 / 16.7 = 2.11
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED

BEAM RB3(250x500) SPAN NO. 10

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 8.8 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 454.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 8.8 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 454.0²) = 0.170 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.170 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 4.837 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 4.837 / 1000 = 19.41 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 19.41 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 49 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 19.41 × (454.0 - 0.4160 × 4.837) / 1000 = 8.8 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
78/93
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 454.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 454.0 = 206 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 28.2 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 454.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 28.2 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 454.0²) = 0.548 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.548 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 15.718 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 15.718 / 1000 = 63.09 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 63.09 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 158 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 63.09 × (454.0 - 0.4160 × 15.718) / 1000 = 28.2 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 454.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 454.0 = 206 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 96.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 96.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 1.918 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.918 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 56.421 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 56.421 / 1000 = 226.47 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 226.47 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 567 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 226.47 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 56.421) / 1000 = 96.0 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 567 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

79/93
LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 118.6 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 118.6 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 2.370 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 2.370 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 70.702 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 70.702 / 1000 = 283.79 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 283.79 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 710 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 283.79 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 70.702) / 1000 = 118.6 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 710 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T25 (982 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 27.4 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 454.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 27.4 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 454.0²) = 0.533 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.533 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 15.272 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 15.272 / 1000 = 61.30 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 61.30 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 154 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 61.30 × (454.0 - 0.4160 × 15.272) / 1000 = 27.4 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 454.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 454.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 454.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 454.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

80/93
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 454.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 454.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 20.1 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 20.1 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.401 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.401 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 11.309 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 11.309 / 1000 = 45.39 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 45.39 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 114 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 45.39 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 11.309) / 1000 = 20.1 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 21.8 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 447.5 mm
Mu / bd² = 21.8 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 447.5²) = 0.436 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.436 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 12.284 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 12.284 / 1000 = 49.30 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 49.30 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 124 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 49.30 × (447.5 - 0.4160 × 12.284) / 1000 = 21.8 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 447.5 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 447.5 = 203 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 203 mm²

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

81/93
Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)
Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

No tension force within span from 3D analysis, tension reinforcement for beam is not required

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:938 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 115.2 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 115.2 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.14 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.01 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 115.21 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.01 / 56.28 + 115.21 / 489.60 = 0.24 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 108.7 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 108.7 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 1.08 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
82/93
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 108.73 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.502 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.502 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.502 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:938 mm E:2813 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 67.0 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 447.5 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 67.0 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.67 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.01 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 402.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 489.60 kN ≥ 66.98 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.01 / 56.28 + 66.98 / 489.60 = 0.14 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

83/93
Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 67.0 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 447.5 = 402.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 67.0 × 1000 / (250.0 × 402.8) = 0.67 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 66.98 × 1000 / (0.9 × 447.5 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.309 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:2813 mm E:3750 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 54.0 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 454.0 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 454.0 = 408.6 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 54.0 × 1000 / (250.0 × 408.6) = 0.53 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.01 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

84/93
 = 250.0 × 408.6 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 496.72 kN ≥ 53.98 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.01 / 56.28 + 53.98 / 496.72 = 0.11 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 49.5 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 454.0 = 408.6 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 49.5 × 1000 / (250.0 × 408.6) = 0.48 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 49.51 × 1000 / (0.9 × 454.0 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.225 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Span Length, l = 3750.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 454.0 mm
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 8.3
Design Steel Strength, fyk = 460.0 N/mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq (Ten.) = 206 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv (Ten.) = 226 mm²
Area of Compression Steel Required, AsReq (Comp.) = 0 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 7.4.2(2)

- Expression 7.16.a or Expression 7.16.b and Table 7.4N: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Expression 7.17: Modification factor for steel area provided

Structural System, K = 1.5 (interior span)

Required Tension Reinforcement Ratio, ρ = AsTenReq / (b × d)
= 206 / (250.0 × 454.0)
= 0.181 × 10-2
Reference Reinforcement Ratio, ρo = √fck × 0.001 = √35.0 × 0.001 = 0.592 × 10-2
ρ ≤ ρo => Use Expression (7.16.a)
ρo / ρ = 3.261
Basic Span Depth Ratio, BR = K × [11 + 1.5 × √fck × ρo / ρ + 3.2 × √fck × (ρo / ρ - 1)3/2]
= 1.5 × [11 + 1.5 × √35.0 × 3.261 + 3.2 × √35.0 × (3.261 - 1)3/2] = 156.4
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
85/93
Modification Factor for Steel Area Provided,
MFs = (500 / fyk) × (AsTenProv / AsTenReq)
= (500 / 460.0) × (226 / 206)
= 1.19

Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFs × MFF) / Ar = (156.4 × 1.19× 1.0) / 8.3 = 186.8 / 8.3 = 22.61
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED

BEAM RB3(250x500) SPAN NO. 11

FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 47.7 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 47.7 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.934 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.934 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 26.962 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 26.962 / 1000 = 108.22 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 108.22 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 271 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 108.22 × (452.0 - 0.4160 × 26.962) / 1000 = 47.7 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 271 mm²

LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 55.3 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 55.3 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 1.082 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 1.082 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 31.377 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 31.377 / 1000 = 125.94 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 125.94 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 315 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 125.94 × (452.0 - 0.4160 × 31.377) / 1000 = 55.3 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 315 mm²
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
86/93
Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)
Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 26.6 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 454.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 26.6 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 454.0²) = 0.517 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.517 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 14.823 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 14.823 / 1000 = 59.50 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 59.50 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 149 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 59.50 × (454.0 - 0.4160 × 14.823) / 1000 = 26.6 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 454.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 454.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 454.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 454.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 454.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 454.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 12.7 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 12.7 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.249 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.249 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 7.045 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 7.045 / 1000 = 28.28 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 28.28 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 71 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 28.28 × (452.0 - 0.4160 × 7.045) / 1000 = 12.7 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

87/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 41.6 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 41.6 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 452.0²) = 0.815 N/mm²
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd² < kk1
Mu / bd² = 0.815 <= 5.873

Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 23.458 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 × b × x / 1000 = 16.06 × 250 × 23.458 / 1000 = 94.16 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc × 1000 / (fyk / γs) = 94.16 × 1000 / (460 / 1.15) = 236 mm²
Moment Capacity = Fc × (d - k2 × x) / 1000 = 94.16 × (452.0 - 0.4160 × 23.458) / 1000 = 41.6 kNm
Minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 452.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 452.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 236 mm²

Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (2-D PLAN ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 454.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 454.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 454.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 454.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm Width, b = 250.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 454.0 mm
Mu / bd² = 0.0 × 1000000 / (250.0 × 454.0²) = 0.000 N/mm²
Design to minimum tension steel percentage specified by code,
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.1.1

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

88/93
fctm = 0.3 × fck2/3 = 0.3 × 352/3 = 3.2 N/mm²
AsMin (%) = 26 × (fctm/fyk) = 26 × (3.2/460) = 0.18% ≥ 0.13% (User defined)
Hence, minimum tension steel percentage = 0.18%

Maximum Effective Depth of Section = 454.0 mm

Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.18% × 250.0 × 454.0 = 206 mm²

Top Tension Steel Area Required = 206 mm²

Top Reinforcement Provided = 2T12 (226 mm²)

Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 2T16 (402 mm²)

No tension force within span from 3D analysis, tension reinforcement for beam is not required

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:938 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 76.8 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 454.0 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 454.0 = 408.6 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 76.8 × 1000 / (250.0 × 408.6) = 0.75 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.01 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 408.6 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 496.72 kN ≥ 76.77 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.01 / 56.28 + 76.77 / 496.72 = 0.15 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
89/93
Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 72.2 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 454.0 = 408.6 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 72.2 × 1000 / (250.0 × 408.6) = 0.71 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 72.25 × 1000 / (0.9 × 454.0 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.329 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE

(B:938 mm E:2813 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 30.8 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 452.0 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 30.8 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.30 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.01 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

90/93
 = 250.0 × 406.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 494.53 kN ≥ 30.79 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.01 / 56.28 + 30.79 / 494.53 = 0.06 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 43.8 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 43.8 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.43 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 43.76 × 1000 / (0.9 × 452.0 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.200 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT

(B:2813 mm E:3750 mm from left grid of span)

Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm

Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 92.3 kN
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.1 and Clause 6.3.2
Convert the rectangular section to an equivalent hollow box section
Beam area, A = b × h = 250 × 500 = 125000 mm²
Beam perimeter, u = 2 × (b + h) = 2 × (250 + 500) = 1500 mm
Thickness of box section, t = A / u = 125000 / 1500 = 83.3 mm
Area within centerline, Ak = (b - t) × (h - t) = (250.0 - 83.3) × (500.0 - 83.3) = 69444 mm²
Perimeter of centerline, uk = 2 × (b + h - 2 × t) = 2 × (250.0 + 500.0 - 2 × 83.3) = 1167 mm

Section Width, b = 250.0 mm

Effective depth, d = 452.0 mm
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 92.3 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.91 N/mm²
fywd < 80% of fyk and fck ≤ 60 N/mm²
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.10.a
Strength Reduction Factor for Torsion and Shear, v = 0.6
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

91/93
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.30
Maximum Torsion Moment Resistance, TRd,max
= 2 × v × fcd × Ak × t × sin θ × cos θ / 106
= 2 × 0.600 × 23.3 × 69444 × 83.3 × sin 22.0º × cos 22.0º / 106
= 56.28 kNm/m ≥ 0.01 kNm/m
Checking for Maximum Torsion Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9

Maximum Shear Resistance, VRd,max
= b × z × v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) / 1000
= 250.0 × 406.8 × 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º) / 1000
= 494.53 kN ≥ 92.34 kN
Checking for Maximum Shear Resistance Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 6.3.2(4), Expression 6.29

Check ratio of Combined Torsion and Shear Force to Maximum Torsion and Shear Resistance
TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max = 0.01 / 56.28 + 92.34 / 494.53 = 0.19 ≤ 1
Checking for Combined Torsion and Shear Ratio Pass

Since TEd = 0 kNm, hence no torsion reinforcement is needed

Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 85.7 kN
Inner Lever Arm, z = 0.9 × 452.0 = 406.8 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, νss = V × 1000 / (b × z) = 85.7 × 1000 / (250.0 × 406.8) = 0.84 N/mm²
fcd = fck / 1.5 = 35.0 / 1.5 = 23.3 N/mm²
Use θ = 22.0º
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.9
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, vRd,max = v × fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
= 0.600 × 23.3 / (cot 22.0º + tan 22.0º)
= 4.86 N/mm²
νRd,max ≥ νss
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass

EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 9.2.2(5)

Minimum Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv,min
= 0.08 × √fck × b / fyk
= 0.08 × √35.0 × 250.0 / 250.0
= 0.473 mm²/mm
EC2 : 04 Part 1 Expression 6.8
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = V × 1000 / (z × fyy × fyk × cot θ)
= 85.70 × 1000 / (0.9 × 452.0 × 0.87 × 250.0 × cot 22.0º)
= 0.392 mm²/mm

Design for SAsv_Sv = 0.473 mm²/mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided : R10-250 (Link spacing is governed by user setting)

Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.628 mm²/mm > 0.473 mm²/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Span Length, l = 3750.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 452.0 mm
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 8.3
Design Steel Strength, fyk = 460.0 N/mm²
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq (Ten.) = 315 mm²
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv (Ten.) = 402 mm²
Area of Compression Steel Required, AsReq (Comp.) = 0 mm²

- Checking for deflection is based on EC2 : 04 Part 1 Clause 7.4.2(2)

- Expression 7.16.a or Expression 7.16.b and Table 7.4N: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Expression 7.17: Modification factor for steel area provided
License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1
92/93
Structural System, K = 1.3 (end span)
Required Tension Reinforcement Ratio, ρ = AsTenReq / (b × d)
= 315 / (250.0 × 452.0)
= 0.279 × 10-2
Reference Reinforcement Ratio, ρo = √fck × 0.001 = √35.0 × 0.001 = 0.592 × 10-2
ρ ≤ ρo => Use Expression (7.16.a)
ρo / ρ = 2.123
Basic Span Depth Ratio, BR = K × [11 + 1.5 × √fck × ρo / ρ + 3.2 × √fck × (ρo / ρ - 1)3/2]
= 1.3 × [11 + 1.5 × √35.0 × 2.123 + 3.2 × √35.0 × (2.123 - 1)3/2] = 68.1

Modification Factor for Steel Area Provided,

MFs = (500 / fyk) × (AsTenProv / AsTenReq)
= (500 / 460.0) × (402 / 315)
= 1.39

Deflection Ratio = (Br × MFs × MFF) / Ar = (68.1 × 1.39× 1.0) / 8.3 = 94.5 / 8.3 = 11.39
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED

BEAM SUPPORT REACTION TABLE

Current Beam Grid Mark: 3/A-J

Beam Support Reactions

Support Reaction, kN
Support No. Grid Mark Support Type
Dead Load Live Load
1 A Column 51.0 2.8
2 A1 Column 90.2 5.0
3 B Column 156.0 8.0
4 C Column 188.9 9.2
5 D Column 184.1 9.0
6 E Column 184.8 9.0
7 F Column 184.9 9.0
8 G Column 183.9 9.0
9 H Column 188.9 9.2
10 I Column 156.5 8.0
11 I1 Column 89.8 5.0
12 J Column 50.9 2.8

License Number: Timer-SN111-C0-1

93/93