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Bridges

The document discusses different types of AC bridges and provides details on Maxwell's Bridge, Hay's Bridge, Anderson Bridge, Schering Bridge, and Wien Bridge. Maxwell's Bridge is used to measure unknown inductance in terms of calibrated resistance and inductance. Hay's Bridge is an advanced form of Maxwell's Bridge used to measure high quality factors. Anderson Bridge gives accurate measurement of self-inductance. Schering Bridge is commonly used to measure capacitance and dissipation factor of materials. Wien Bridge is used to determine unknown frequency and has applications in capacitance measurement and harmonic distortion analysis.

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156 views3 pages

Bridges

The document discusses different types of AC bridges and provides details on Maxwell's Bridge, Hay's Bridge, Anderson Bridge, Schering Bridge, and Wien Bridge. Maxwell's Bridge is used to measure unknown inductance in terms of calibrated resistance and inductance. Hay's Bridge is an advanced form of Maxwell's Bridge used to measure high quality factors. Anderson Bridge gives accurate measurement of self-inductance. Schering Bridge is commonly used to measure capacitance and dissipation factor of materials. Wien Bridge is used to determine unknown frequency and has applications in capacitance measurement and harmonic distortion analysis.

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Mʀ Hʌʆɘɘʑ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Q 1. Why wheatstone bridge is called a bridge?

Wheatstone bridge is an electric circuit and it is in a shape of a bridge, the bridge is a galvanometer, so it is
called a bridge. Wheatstone bridge helps in finding the unknown resistance value of a resistor.

Q 2. Write different 5 types of A.C bridges and their work?


The various types of A.C Bridges are:

 Maxwell’s Bridge
 Hay’s Bridge
 Anderson Bridge
 Schering Bridge
 Wien Bridge

Maxwll’s Bridge:
A Maxwell bridge is a modification to a Wheatstone bridge used to measure an unknown inductance in
terms of calibrated resistance and inductance or resistance and capacitance. When the calibrated
components are a parallel resistor and capacitor, the bridge is known as a Maxwell-Wien bridge. It is
named for James C. Maxwell, who first described it in 1873. The unknown inductance then becomes known
in terms of this capacitance. With reference to the picture, in a typical application R 1 and R4 are known fixed
entities, and R2 and C2 are known variable entities. R2 are C2 adjusted until the bridge is balanced.

Hay’s Bridge:
The Hay’s bridge is used for determining the self-inductance of the circuit. The bridge is the advanced form
of Maxwell’s bridge. The Maxwell’s bridge is only appropriate for measuring the medium quality factor.
Hence, for measuring the high-quality factor the Hays bridge is used in the circuit. The unknown inductor L1
is placed in the arm ab along with the resistance R1. This unknown inductor is compared with the standard
capacitor C4 connected across the arm cd. The resistance R4 is connected in series with the capacitor C4.
The other two non-inductive resistor R2 and R3 are connected in the arm ad and bc respectively.
Anderson Bridge:
The Anderson’s bridge gives the accurate measurement of self-inductance of the circuit. The bridge is the
advanced form of Maxwell’s inductance capacitance bridge. In Anderson bridge, the unknown inductance is
compared with the standard fixed capacitance which is connected between the two arms of the bridge.
The bridge has fours arms ab, bc, cd, and ad. The arm ab consists unknown inductance along with the
resistance. And the other three arms consist the purely resistive arms connected in series with the circuit.

Schering Bridge:
The Schering bridge use for measuring the capacitance of the capacitor, dissipation factor, properties of an
insulator, capacitor bushing, insulating oil and other insulating materials. It is one of the most commonly
used AC bridge. The Schering bridge works on the principle of balancing the load on its arm. e impedances
of arms ab and ad very are large therefore this circuit draws low current hence power loss is low but due to
this low current we need a very sensitive detector to detect this low current.

Wein Bridge:
The Wien’s bridge use in AC circuits for determining the value of unknown frequency. The bridge measures
the frequencies from 100Hz to 100kHz. The accuracy of the bridges lies between 0.1 to 0.5 percent. The
bridge is used for various other applications like capacitance measurement, harmonic distortion analyser
and in the HF frequency oscillator. The Wien’s bridge is frequency sensitive. Thereby, it is difficult to obtain
the balance point in it. The input supply voltage is not purely sinusoidal, and they have some harmonics.
The harmonics of the supply voltage disturbs the balance condition of the bridge. To overcome this
problem the filter is used in the bridge. The filter connects in series with the null detector .

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