DESIGN OF TYPE III AASHTO I - GIRDER
1) DESIGN DATA and SPECIFICATIONS ( 5-Span Bridge )
length of girder (Lg)………. 20.00 m
spacing of girders (S)……… 3.00 m
depth of girder (Dg)……….. 2.000 m
thickness of slab (ts)……… 0.20 m
thickness of haunch (th)..…. m
width of haunch (wh)……… m
thickness of diaph (td).…… m
depth of diaphragm (dd).…. m
thickness of web (tw).……. m
wearing surface (WS)..…… KPa
relative humidity ( RH)…….
f'c = 28 MPa fpu = MPa
f'ci = MPa fy = 415 MPa <16mm dia.
BASIC SECTION PROPERTIES COMPOSITE SECTION PROPERTIES
Ag = cm^2 Ac = cm^2
Yt = cm Ytc = cm
Yb = cm Ybc = cm
Ig = cm^4 Ic = cm^4
St = cm^3 Stc = cm^3
Sb = cm^3 Sbc = cm^3
2) CALCULATION OF LOADS (Exterior Girder)
a.) DEAD LOADS
Loading :
Girder = Ag * wc = 0.00 KN/m
Slab = ts * Ls * wc = 13.42 KN/m
Haunch = th * wh * wc = 0.00 KN/m
Diaph. = dd * Ld * td * wc = 0.00 @L/2
W. Surf. = WS * (width WS) = 0.00 KN/m
Post/Rail. = 0.106 * wc = 2.54 KN/m
Sidewalk = 0.295 * wc = 7.08 KN/m
F. Utilities = 5% of Total Dead Load = 0.94 KN/m
wDL = 23.98 KN/m
Load Case I : Wearing Surface, Post & Railing, Sidewalk, Future Utilities
w = 12.55 KN/m
2/7
b.) LIVE LOADS (MS-18 LOADING)
CL
162 KN
72 KN 72 KN 18 KN
0.71 0.71
2.85 4.27
85
6.44 5.02
20 m
distribution factor ( S / 1.68 ) = 1.786
impact factor ( 15.24 / L + 38 ) = 0.26 < 0.30 ok
FACTOR = 2.255
Load Case II : Live Load (Case 1) - MS-18 Loading
72 72 18 72 72 18
Load Case III : Live Load (Case 2) - MS-18 Loading
72 72 18 72 72 18
Load Case IV : Live Load (Case 3) - MS-18 Loading
72 72 18 72 72 18
Load Case V : Sidewalk Live Load
w = 2.32 KN/m
3/7
Moments at Midspan :
Girder = 0.00 KN-m
Slab = 670.80 KN-m simply supported
Haunch = 0.00 KN-m
Diaph. = 0.00 KN-m
W. Surf. = 36.21 KN-m
Post/Railing = 61.72 KN-m
Sidewalk = 172.04 KN-m see attached microfeap output
F. Utilities = 34.99 KN-m
Sidewalk Live Load = 56.38 KN-m
Truck Live Load = 683.92 KN-m
1716.06 KN-m
3) STRESSES DUE TO EXTERNAL LOADS
MARK Ft Fb REMARKS
Girder #DIV/0! #DIV/0! BASIC
Slab #DIV/0! #DIV/0! BASIC
Haunch #DIV/0! #DIV/0! BASIC
Diaphragm #DIV/0! #DIV/0! BASIC
Wearing Surface #DIV/0! #DIV/0! COMPOSITE
Post & Railing #DIV/0! #DIV/0! COMPOSITE
Sidewalk #DIV/0! #DIV/0! COMPOSITE
Future Utilities #DIV/0! #DIV/0! COMPOSITE
Sidewalk Live Load #DIV/0! #DIV/0! COMPOSITE
Truck Live Load #DIV/0! #DIV/0! COMPOSITE
#DIV/0! #DIV/0!
e (yb - 100) = (100.00) (millimeters)
To prevent cracking, total tensile stress at the bottom must be compensated by the
compressive stress produced by post-tensioning.
REQUIRED FORCE = #DIV/0! KN { 0 = -(P/A) - (Pe/Sb) + Fb }
REQUIRED NO. OF HTS = #DIV/0! pcs.
TRY 2 - 10T 12.7 mm
NO. OF HTS USED = 20 pcs.
4) CALCULATION OF LOSSES
a) Due to Friction (FR) :
FR = Fj (1 - e^ [-(kL/2 + )]
where :
k = 0.00656 NSCP Vol.2, 2nd Edition, 1997
= 0.30
= 4 e / L= (0.0200) radians
Fj = 0.80fpu= - MPa
FR = 0.00 MPa Pi = Fspan * Aps * (No. of HTS)
= - KN
b) Due to Elastic Shortening (ES) :
ES = 0.50 (Es/Eci) * fcir
where :
fcir = - (Pi / A) - (Pi e / Sb) + (Mg / Sb) = #DIV/0! MPa
Es = 193,053 MPa
Eci = 0.043 w^1.5 * sqrt(f'ci) = - MPa
ES = #DIV/0! MPa
c) Due to Shrinkage (SH) :
SH = 0.80 (117.21 - 1.034RH) = 93.77 MPa
4/7
d) Due to Creep of Concrete (CRc) :
CRc = 12 fcir - 7fcds
where :
fcds = - (Pi / A) - (Pi e /Sb) + (Mdlb / Sb) + (Mdlc / Sc)
= #DIV/0! MPa
CRc = #DIV/0! MPa
e) Due to Relaxation of Steel (CRs) :
CRs = 138 - 0.30 (FR) - 0.40 (ES) - 0.20 (SH + CRc)
CRs = #DIV/0! MPa
TOTAL LOSSES = #DIV/0! MPa
5) NET PRESTRESSING FORCE (Fnet)
Fnet = Fj - Total Losses = #DIV/0! MPa
Pnet = Fnet *(No. of HTS) *(Aps) = #DIV/0! KN
6) PRESTRESSING FORCE @ RELEASE (Fi)
Fi = Fj - FR - ES = #DIV/0! MPa
Pi = Fi * (No. of HTS) * (Aps) = #DIV/0! KN
7) CHECK STRESSES
STRESSES @ TRANSFER STRESSES @ SERVICE
a) Due to Prestress a) Due to Prestress
ft = #DIV/0! MPa ft = #DIV/0! MPa
fb = #DIV/0! MPa fb = #DIV/0! MPa
b) Due to Weight of Girder b) Due to DL + LL
ft = #DIV/0! MPa ft = #DIV/0! MPa
fb = #DIV/0! MPa fb = #DIV/0! MPa
c) Combined Stresses @ Transfer c) Combined Stresses @ Service
ft = #DIV/0! MPa ok ft = #DIV/0! MPa safe
fb = #DIV/0! MPa safe fb = #DIV/0! MPa safe
Note : Considering reinforcement, section is safe.
8) ULTIMATE MOMENT CAPACITY
Aps = 1,974.20 mm^2
d = 2,125 mm
b = 2,165 mm
p = Aps / (d * b) = 0.00043
fsu = fpu [1- 0.50(p)(fpu)/(f'c)]
= - MPa
5/7
check flange thickness :
t = (Aps * fsu) / (0.85 f'c b)
= 0.00 mm < 178 mm therefore, rectangular beam analysis
Mu = (phi) Aps (fsu)(d)[1-(0.60)(p)(fsu)/f'c]
= - KN-m (allowable moment)
Mu = 1.5 DL + 2.5 [ (LL + I) + LL sidewalk ]
= 3,314.39 KN-m (actual moment) * safe *
9) SHEAR AT QUARTER POINTS
a) DEAD LOAD
0.00 KN
wdl = 23.98 KN/m
20.0 m
Vdl/4 = 119.90 KN
b) LIVE LOAD
72 KN
72 KN 18 KN
4.27 4.27 wLL = 2.32 KN/m
5 6.46
20.0 m
VLL/4 = 98.44 KN (MS-18 Load) VLL/4 = 11.62 KN-m
(Sidewalk LL)
V(LL/4 + I) = 233.60 KN
Vu = 1.5 DL + 2.5 ( LL + I )
= 763.86 KN (actual shear)
c) PRESTRESS
Vcu = [ (0.30 sqrt (f'c) + 0.30 fpc) bw d ] + Vp
where :
fpc = Pnet / Ac
= #DIV/0! MPa
bw = 0 mm
e L/4 = -0.075 m
UPLIFT FORCE DUE TO PRESTRESS :
wp = #DIV/0! KN/m
Vp = #DIV/0! KN
Vcu = #DIV/0! KN (allowable shear) *** Use minimum web reinforcement ***
min. web reinf. = {Aps(fpu)(s)[sqrt(d/bw)} / [80(fy)(d)]
using 12 mm dia. stirrups : S= #DIV/0! mm
*** USE 12 mm dia. stirrup @ 0.15 m O.C. up to L/4 , rest @ 0.25 m O.C. ***
6/7
10) DEFLECTION CALCULATIONS
a) INSTANTANEOUS DEFLECTIONS
1) Due to Prestress
wp = 8 Pi e / L^2
= #DIV/0! KN/m
2) Due to Weight of Girder
wg = 0.00 KN/m
3) net deflection
net force = #DIV/0! KN/m
def. = #DIV/0! mm
b) LONG TERM DEFLECTIONS
Mbasic = 670.80 KN-m
Mcomposite = 1,045.26 KN-m
def. = 5 L^2 [ Mbasic + Mcomp. ]
48 Ec Ibasic Icomp.
def. = #DIV/0! mm
*** net deflection = #DIV/0! mm (actual deflection)
allow. def. = L / 1000
= 20.00 mm > actual def. *** SAFE ***
However, provide precamber = 18 mm
*** therefore , use 2 - 10T 12.7 mm HTS ***
7/7
LLsw = 2.87 KPa
2.32 KN/m
@ release @ service
1.31 13.79
15.17 0
bottom g = 71.10 cm
