AHMED QINNO
DESIGN STRIP METHOD
Using the approximate method of deck analysis (4.6.2), live load effects may be
determined by modeling the deck as a beam supported on the girders. One or more axles
may be placed side by side on the deck (representing axles from trucks in different traffic
lanes) and move them transversely across the deck to maximize the moments (4.6.2.1.6).
To determine the live load moment per unit width of the bridge, the calculated total live
load moment is divided by a strip width determined using the appropriate equation from
Table 4.6.2.1.3-1. The following conditions have to be satisfied when determining live
load effects on the deck:
Minimum distance from the center of the wheel to the inside face of parapet = 300 mm
(3.6.1.3)
Minimum distance between the wheels of two adjacent trucks = 1200 mm
Dynamic load allowance = 33% (S3.6.2.1) Multiple presence factor (S3.6.1.1.2):
Load factor (Strength I) = 1.75 (S3.4.1) Single lane = 1.20
Two lanes = 1.00
Three lanes = 0.85
Note: the “three lanes” situation never controls for girder spacings up to 4880 mm
APPROXIMATE METHOD Page 1 of 11 DECK SLAB DESIGN
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4.6.2.1.3 Width of Equivalent Interior Strips
S = spacing of supporting components (mm) h = depth of deck (mm)
L = span length of deck (mm) P = axle load (N)
Sb = spacing of grid bars (mm)
(+M) = positive moment X = distance from load to point of support (mm)
(- M )= negative moment
Table 4.6.2.1.3-1 Equivalent Strips.
CONCRETE :- Cast-in-place
Direction of Primary Strip Relative to Traffic Width of Primary Strip (mm)
Overhang 1140 + 0.833X
Either Parallel or +M: 660 + 0.55S
Perpendicular -M: 1220 + 0.25S
FOR OUR EXAMPLE
3.6.1.2.5 Tire Contact Area
P=72.5 KN
Tire width = P/142 = 72.5*1000/142 = 510 mm
γ:- LOAD FACTOR = 1.75
Tire length = 165γ(1 + IM/100)
IM :- IMPACT FACTOR = 33%
Tire length = 385 mm
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X= 310 mm
EQUIVALENT STRIP WIDTHS
OVERHANG 1140 + 0.833X = 1140+0.833*310 = 1400
POSITIVE MOMENT (+)M: 660 + 0.55S = 2000 mm
NEGATIVE MOMENT (-)M: 1220 + 0.25S = 1830 mm
OVERHANG NEGATIVE LIVE LOAD MOMENT
CRITICAL PLACEMENTOF WHEEL FOR NEGATIVE BM IN OVERHANG
PORTION IS SHOWN IN FIGURE
APPROXIMATE METHOD Page 3 of 11 DECK SLAB DESIGN
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NUMBER OF DESIGN LANES (3.6.1.1.1)
N= INT ( 13420/3600) = 3 M = 72.5*1000*310 / 1400 = - 16054 N.mm/mm
NEGATIVE MOMENT (OVERHANG) = 1.2( MPF) * -16054 = -19264 N.mm/mm
MAXIMUM POSITIVE LIVE LOAD MOMENT
ONE LANE LOADED
FOR REPEATING EQUAL SPANS MAX POSITIVE MOMENT OCCURS AT( 0.4*S) POSITION IN FIRST SPAN
72.5*1000/2000 = 36.25 KN
FROM ROBOT WE CAN FIND B.M.D +VE MOMENT =16289.52
(+VE MOMENT )= 1.2(MPF) * 16289.52 =19547 N.mm/mm
APPROXIMATE METHOD Page 4 of 11 DECK SLAB DESIGN
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TWO LANES LOADED
72.5*1000/2000 = 36.25 KN
FROM ROBOT WE CAN FIND B.M.D +VE MOMENT =16910.2
(+VE MOMENT )= 1.0(MPF) * 16910.2 =16910.2 N.mm/mm
ONE INTERIOR LANE LOADED GOVERNS
MAXIMUM INTERIOR NEGATIVE LIVE LOAD MOMENT
THE CRITICAL PLACEMENT FOR -VE MOMENT IS AS SHOWN IN FIGURE
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72.5*1000/1830 = 39.617 N/mm
FROM ROBOT WE CAN FIND B.M.D -VE MOMENT AT GIRDER = -17461.19
(-VE MOMENT )= 1.2(MPF) * -17461.19 =-20953.43 N.mm/mm
MAXIMUM REACTION ON EXTERIOR GIRDER
72.5*1000/1400 = 54.786 N/mm EQUIVALENT WHEEL LOAD = 54.786*1.2=62.14 N/mm
EXTERIOR GIRDER REACTION = 1.2*74.98 = 90 N/mm
LOAD COBINATIONS
WE HAVE HERE JUST ONE COBINATION IS STRENGTH I
APPROXIMATE METHOD Page 6 of 11 DECK SLAB DESIGN
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1) STRENGTH I NEGATIVE MOMENT ( AT CL OF EXTERIOR GIRDER )
1.25*( SLAB WEIGHT +BARRIER + OVERHANG ) + 1.5*FWS + 1.75*1.33*NEGATIVE MOMENT IN OVERHANG
2) STRENGTH I :- POSITIVE MOMENT ( FIRST SPAN )
1.25*( SLAB WEIGHT ) + 0.9*(BARRIER + OVERHANG ) + 1.5*FWS + 1.75*1.33*MAX +VE MOMENT ( ONE LANE LOADED )
3) STRENGTH I :- NEGATIVE MOMENT ( AT INTERIOR GIRDER )
1.25*( SLAB WEIGHT ) + 0.9*(BARRIER + OVERHANG ) + 1.5*FWS + 1.75*1.33*MAX INTERIOR (-VE) MOMENT
4) STRENGTH I :- REDUCED NEGATIVE MOMENT ( AT EXTERIOR FACEGIRDER )
0.9*( SLAB WEIGHT ) + 1.25*(BARRIER + OVERHANG ) + 1.5*FWS + 1.75*1.33*MAX -VE MOMENT ( AT EX GIRDER FACE )
APPROXIMATE METHOD Page 7 of 11 DECK SLAB DESIGN
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1) STRENGTH I NEGATIVE MOMENT ( AT CL OF EXTERIOR GIRDER )
2) STRENGTH I :- POSITIVE MOMENT ( FIRST SPAN )
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3) STRENGTH I :- NEGATIVE MOMENT ( AT INTERIOR GIRDER )
4) STRENGTH I :- REDUCED NEGATIVE MOMENT ( AT EXTERIOR FACEGIRDER )
APPROXIMATE METHOD Page 9 of 11 DECK SLAB DESIGN
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DESIGN MOMENTS
THE DESIGN MOMENTS WILL BE AS FOLLWING :-
NEGATIVE MOMENT = 42834.8 N.mm/mm
POSITIVE MOMENT = 46252.63 N.mm/mm
COMPARE WITH TABLE VALUES IN APPENDIX SEC 4 , LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN
DEADLOAD+LIVE LOAD FACTORED POSITIVE MOMENT ( STRENGTH I)
FOR TRANSVERSE BOTTOM BAR USE
𝑴𝑫𝑳 𝑳𝑳 = 46042.5+3594.5+1235.375 = 50872.375 N.mm/mm Y16@200 mm
DEADLOAD+LIVE LOAD FACTORED NEGAITIVE MOMENT ( STRENGTH I)
𝑴𝑫𝑳 𝑳𝑳 = 46042.5+3594.5+1235.375 = 43768.375 N.mm/mm FOR TRANSVERSE TOP BAR USE
Y16@200 mm
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LET'S CALCULATE REIN.STEEL FOR MOMENT VALUES WE GOUND FROM APPROXIMATE METHOD WITHOUT
AASHTO TABLE
POSITIVE MOMENT = 46252.63 N.mm/mm
K'= 46252.63/0.9*1*(157)^2 = K'=2.085 𝜌 = 0.0052
Required As 𝐴 =𝜌∗𝑑 𝐴 = 0.817 𝑚𝑚2/𝑚𝑚
BAR Y16 , BAR Y16 AREA = 200 mm2 SPACING=200/0.817 = 244 mm
FOR TRANSVERSE BOTTOM BAR USE Y16@230 mm IT'S LESS ( LITTLE ) THAN BEFORE
APPROXIMATE METHOD Page 11 of 11 DECK SLAB DESIGN
