Assignment
1) The spectral distribution of surface irradiation is as follows:
What is the total irradiation?
2) Consider a large isothermal enclosure that is maintained at a uniform temperature of 2000 K.
Calculate the emissive power of the radiation that emerges from a small aperture on the
enclosure surface. What is the wavelength λ1 below which 10% of the emission is
concentrated? What is the wavelength λ 2 above which 10% of the emission is concentrated?
Determine the maximum spectral emissive power and the wavelength at which this emission
occurs. What is the irradiation incident on a small object placed inside the enclosure?
3) A surface emits as a blackbody at 1500 K. What is the rate per unit area (W/m 2) at which it
emits radiation over all directions corresponding to 0° ≤ θ ≤ 60° and over the wavelength
interval 2 μm ≤ λ ≤ 4 μm ?
4) The cover glass on a flat-plate solar collector has a low iron content, and its spectral
transmissivity may be approximated by the following distribution.
What is the total transmissivity of the cover glass to solar radiation?
5) Consider a small surface of area A1 =10-4 m2, which emits diffusely with a total,
hemispherical emissive power of E1 = 5 ×104 W/m2.
(a) At what rate is this emission intercepted by a small surface of area A2 = 5 × 10-4 m2, which
is oriented as shown?
(b) What is the irradiation G2 on A2?
(c) For zenith angles of θ2 = 0, 30, and 60°, plot G2 as a function of the separation distance
for 0.25 ≤ r2 ≤ 1.0 m.
6) The spectral distribution of the radiation emitted by a diffuse surface may be approximated as
follows.
(a) What is the total emissive power?
(b) What is the total intensity of the radiation emitted in the normal direction and at an angle
of 30° from the normal?
(c) Determine the fraction of the emissive power leaving the surface in the directions π/4 ≤ θ
≤ π/2.
7) A small radiant heat source of area A1 = 2 × 10-4 m2 emits diffusely with an intensity I1 =
1000 W/m2.sr. A second small area, A2 = 1 × 10-4 m2, is located as shown in the sketch.
(a) Determine the irradiation of A2 for L2 = 0.5 m.
(b) Plot the irradiation of A2 over the range 0 ≤ L2 ≤10 m.
8) A spherical aluminum shell of inside diameter D = 2 m is evacuated and is used as a radiation
test chamber. If the inner surface is coated with carbon black and maintained at 600 K, what
is the irradiation on a small test surface placed in the chamber? If the inner surface were not
coated and maintained at 600 K, what would the irradiation be?
9) An enclosure has an inside area of 100 m2, and its inside surface is black and is maintained at
a constant temperature. A small opening in the enclosure has an area of 0.02 m2. The radiant
power emitted from this opening is 70 W. What is the temperature of the interior enclosure
wall? If the interior surface is maintained at this temperature, but is now polished, what will
be the value of the radiant power emitted from the opening?
10) An electrically powered, ring-shaped radiant heating element is maintained at a temperature
of Th = 3000 K and is used in a manufacturing process to heat a small part having a surface
area of Ap = 0.007 m2. The surface of the heating element may be assumed to be black.
For θ1 = 30°, θ2 = 60°, L = 3 m, and W = 30 mm, what is the rate at which radiant energy
emitted by the heater is incident on the part?
11) A small disk 5 mm in diameter is positioned at the center of an isothermal, hemispherical
enclosure. The disk is diffuse and gray with an emissivity of 0.7 and is maintained at 900 K.
The hemispherical enclosure, maintained at 300 K, has a radius of 100 mm and an emissivity
of 0.85.
Calculate the radiant power leaving an aperture of diameter 2 mm located on the enclosure as
shown.
