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INTEGRAL CALGULUS
subsorilbe,on ypatuloe, Se
Gengnerdmath
The prindiges of inkegration eat Fmtaka ty Tome Newton and Gotied
Leibniz, inthe late seventeenth cent Thy toe fundanenta) thenien vf clulus,
vind Hy weperdnlly doyehned The fheorem demons, the latins Yeheen
the tio kel operatins of calulus, dfoverhatiy ar) yk. ety smc
uty aifvenhation and He definite ikega fF a finction can Ye eal vogue one
ain antiderinakive is Known.
Tre ern tation fir he deine inlegral ums troduced by Gofal Lan
In}e5. Ye adap fhe ingel ymin}, “SA an dha fel Sadng Ac
Sunn CLatin fr "sum" or “total")
GENERAL FORM shee:
Fox) isany, fncton, sud that
J FO)dx = FOD+C | FO)> P09 ond Cis mn
Ja integial sign arbitrary, constant
Fix) — integrand
(3 tonst ain of inegraton
FO) + 0-7 indefinite integral
The Power Firvnula
nt
Sutdu= H— +0 3 wt-|
wr] Ds
Logavithin Formula: subsorilbe on yautulbe, $b
Genginordmnatn
dus
Jae = nul +0
Exponential Fundions
Setdu = e'+C
In ulna _ a‘
Soatdu = Se" “du -o ~ a
Unbeqr ation by Parks
Judy = uv fvdu
note: wand v are finckons of x
a— js a onstant
& = 2.71929 (baw of natural logarithin)
To ody He formula of integration oy parks, separate the inkgrand who twa. aches
Wand dy Usually as the most complicated Fone omntaning drs.
INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
) Jisnudu = ~ coy +0 ") fsetudus tanu +c
2 Fagudu= sity +0 % J seautanudy > secu te
3 Mtonudu = Insecu +0 = -lnasute
4) J cotudu = than +e a) J osctudu=-catu + ©
5) S secudu = In (seu t tamu + i P cscucatu = ~cscu +O
t) Sescudu = In{esou - cotu) + 3 rly\2)
\. \ gayy a) dx ayo
9 yey)
% Ly) S
subsorilbe on youtuloe, ffs
PLANE AREA IN RECTANGULAR COORDINATES @enginerdmnatn
1) frea entray atore the % axis.
3
uot A=aKa
x=a xeb = lower lint
b =
General Farwulo, he t, yor b : ee
Gn= ditterential widths
QD brea Entiely lod the x-aniy mane
Se)
B
As Si yan
b c
A= “J yaa J yo
xO mae
AREA BERWEEN TWO CURVES
Covet Vertical Srp r
ye gn) [A= S2G.-y) ar
J woe S tor) ch b
Y= fy) =
Cave 2" toizontal Sip y. fe Be
Ae Jy.) ay
Wh) J ‘Cea Yeu bY
A
ssusorive on yputuloe, Fb
AREA IN DOLAR COORDINATES @enginerdmath
cep) [AR QIAO
x Wee: A= ateg
Y= adws
A= lower limit
B= Upper vont
AD = dipfaental angie the
maemental area
Length of a Plane Curve,
2 Is
as
x
‘Inteckangatir firm: By Pythagorean Theorem
ds = J (3)
Ke = J . n1+@y/dx) dx
or se [SPAY dy
Ine In Polar Form:
Centrold of Plane Area:
‘ager Yerheal Sip >
Subsorilte, on yputuloe, Ff
Gengnordinath
b
= J. BaF GF
[.. fa |
a) 3 V+ ered) db
Oy,
{
(Kah)
Ax 2 fp Kedh
Ay=S yeah
>
A= dK
ibs Hom KT Ba, oxpress
x
y= Y ugper are ~ Prewer ane,
el ee
x Since fhe lt
ye forme sf
Case 22 Hovizonta) Stip
a3
aga dy %edh
hg ~ Syd
7% whee a= xdy
nee Ye lim} is from a,
v eng 9 WS OF
Kz Arg ome ~ Aref oan Poratslic, Sqnent: and Spandie| ssobeatibe on yt Bo
Genginerdmnatn
Poe Parabola:
Xp =#b ype eh
bei = 30h
For spandve|
=< 5.3,
As= yb Ys M
A sie * by
Moment of Tnertig of Plane eqs
Moment of inertia abu He, -y-aris
Ue vertical ship
y= J.” 4A
x
OM Oey
: x
Moment of Inertia. about the % anis
Use horrental strip
n= S yds
oer Oh ay Subsoribe on youtube, Ao
@enginerdmatin
aa saving fr the moment of inertia using miegraton, che a sto % thot al
alemetts of the strip will have Ihe same distawe frm the axis of manent Cie.
honannkal skip Ar moment abot r~as and vertical strip $¢ momgat clout te
ye ois)
Fovallel -oxis Theorems: (Transfer Inertia)
= Dead | ae gee
Iy= Ty + Ady Ty = Genbridal momen of erty
porallel b the y- ans.
Noluwe of a blid of Revolution
Coser: Volume by Gralor Disk Method
hee Y= Yorper Yin
dV> Tyax MNEMONIC! Dre way of romarbeving this Armvla te
b Tohink™ of the solid Vaary steed ni 1 ofinites ~
Y= vf y dx mally hun, dick Fras and tdknes ox,
‘ pon agi 2 Fala ole which is
The TY'dx lo Subset on yputulbe, Bo
@
Case 2s Yelume Loy thibw Cy lndvica) Shell enginerdmnatin
b
° Y= seJ, ray
; whee,
Af Ht 2K = Migr ~ Aiegt
MNENONIC: Dre way of remarlpenny this Gulag
‘ fetta, oF a Yollad cylrarial argh uss overage
raduasye jhaight hand the wnfalkesinaly wall
Anuonegs dir. The Femula Ae wwhume of a fuel
Shel may Ke thaylt obas AT rhdY = ayxdy
‘ihn oy ore of Pare cane tevalves about a linen te pave not cating
the curve Are surface org genetot the gruel oF+he Yeh of this ave. ard
the areamfrene of the tik Arantersed ly tts centord,
&
\
Vy
<
_ fpeare
A= arrg | whee bn D as
1 = distance from the ceninid oF the orc
fp the ams of revolution
)
The ~lume of a solid of rewlution generated ly a gone ota which revodves
dat 0 tne wot Using if, isthe product ot the atea under tation ard tte
viraamfronce, of the orcle traversed (ny he certivia of He late aca, \\ - subsorilbe- on yputuloe, fs
Artis oF rxeihin @erginerdmatn
= arr
where: Y= \olume
r= shorkst distance fan Ye centroid
tthe aiea ty We iexolved ty
the ois of ‘epluhion
Work by Inkgraton
= woere: W = vork
wpe F= nstant free
S= displacements
~The Anal work ame oy a Variable Forte js equal to he sum of the ements
of work. dle
b ~ \e £ Fe)> vortale fire
= J) F We J} Fold
W Ji ate © Jy dye Naviable
disang, Iz
Defhnite and Indefinite, Integrate
Subsorilte, on yprtuloe, fb
@enginerdmnatin
Vonge Povlems
Enaluate, Me following integrals: a
) J xt - He + ae -axt9) dr
Sova: f (xt ee + oe -axt9) da
= alent eae + ASK dx at adx + dr
. oe =a Py ga af +Ix +O
"
pe - ax! fox ~ 4 9xtC
2) fam lr x) ox
Save. fa (ae Adar = J x be) a
= SQ” +n) on
Sis Vo
oe BR te
= rea 4+ we he
oF
af =
Solin: (1 5449 e
‘ na a= Siu dt 2ftgat
: tee tay ew
2) +F +
"
os be) 4 Ft Me
ate - Al
ye
n
re 3 Subseries 09 ypatule Bo
4) S (3secx tank ~Sese*x) ax Gengnerdmat
on: J (sex tanx ~Sesc?x)ax = 3 seer tanx doy a) csc dx
= Ssecx -% (ata) te
=| 3sen +5 ax tC
Lotx—Sartx
%) J S\Nx ax
Sw: f Latx—Ssrtx = 201 ahd 2 (ant
. J S\nx ax Se aX ~ 3) SMX ax
= 2S oem utmdx — 3 Psinrdx
= Le) ~ 5-ws5x) + ©
~2estx + 3 WSK +O
) J thant + kx + dex
Spin: F (eat + cot + dx = P Lheex-} + CosePx—1 14] dx
= Joeexex + Vecern ax +2Sax
Har — atx $2 FC
Ur substitution
DIVE dx b
N Wu
Gol ek ue Ad J vaaw dn -35-¢
ane san = Pome] as uit ac
B_=dx
3
ah
a Lente) +c
\
= xi uw Pdy 4 Subsorilbe, On) vyptube, Rf
@enginerdmath
) ai (Ot oxy’ ax engwrerdimay
‘ “ Sixtdx) = L yt
Se Nok yew Hane « S corey! (an) t ue Lo
du= 6Xax %) Aw
OU = dK pep -|L stars +c
° = Lpusdu a
6
) SF never ax
Sun. ke ue Sts bx) ata) zh sinsy +O
= aKM
frie Snag [Ppa Fe
= = 4 Jesu du
iy 4edK
Cea ,
4 7 ~3
Solon. lek Ue ie . S Cl-$x%) L4x8dn) = + ke
at Le mS wa) -~Ltite
ree AK ~ way pot
ene
1) \P xen de f hg
Ga. let Ue \EK (aya
jux dx fw ONY dy
xeucl = SG 20 4u%du
= Suh au -afwhay + falbay
4
= Pe He de,
eng
So + %
{& any 2 (ux) 4 & (wxy* $e it Subsarilbe- on youtuloe, ffs
9 § SIR 4 @enginerdinatin
A ‘
axl Sink dx (7 = 2 (ron) +C
Goin, ket as 4 ote oS ax —— ce
due aan o® 2 S$ sina dus)
Ode = = 2S sinudu
9 Sema de 5
Yo.
wax) ~ (anxdx
Sol ek Ue OK » )
du= SInAdx “Su uy
a
=u ~l2n_ Fe
tre =|= (i- wx) +e
% 3
vA
\ A ax
4) Sy ANH OSH S e du
Soliq: tet UF sinx 4
dA= WSK = op r
= sintx
4 °
= a2 grt)
4 : 4 AY
~ qu) ~ 4) 7 4
| Exponential ane loqathanics Integrals,
x
®) J Poa de a (tee) pegs w4y
‘ns = 4 »
Son tis - Lay 4 \n\ul + CG
al u 2
du, = xan & njer) $C i ao subserilve-09 youtube, Rb
We) i" aa oe Genginerdmatn
Vol: XH = 4
“aT ~~ +e
a eh 2 - zr 3 a
S. xem Se 4) a .
= ae ox a\nuut|
= 2-24 3\n3-3\n)
= 3\n3- 30
= ana = Ina =| \n9
Nox
a) Seon
a Ia Slox (e) wte = | Anx)* Ke
Solin, feb ue Inx nif 3 2
du = be = fudy
on
2) . E
eon a =f escondx Sed du = ate atul tc
bet = re a ao
a
4
‘Ty
of Cesc4x ~ wt 4x)ax ly
ue 4 Jon -ootw)du
feb us 4x
Qol'y : i oe in 1%,
= 1 ao ~\nisinu
are 1 Wn | ecu atu ant
A In | AC x= cay] (n\anyy} \
4 Th
iN 4
if fse - otu) ay
My 4
\n2
[s= R & ssubsribe-0n yutalie $s
2 Benginordrnatin
ae) ie i y See ee >= Dette
Solq: lel ue dx =H” el,
4 ~fert ladu) | “|2e
Ane x
afi af e%du
Adu 8
Ans
ayy J nto ox
a
Station: [10% Jee 2 Woe
An) 3 Inld
letu- $x Sie Ge") “| fax
du= Bai = 2 Dig! au “3 ihw Oo
Fu = =dX
Iwkegials. Yelling Inverse, Trigenmetic Tuning
ax \ (a) 92ksn'Y te
*) Sea J 2 wy if “aa +
Sin; lekus oe $k du IG 2
du= 3dX% pew
du = ax
@
3S
SINR
5 dx
a Dai ax
= \ da I ~2y pL) 454
—* om = 5 Scape Sx Hg
2) “eee ve Us x3
(n-dy4 le Aus dX
Lp du Zot 8) [Eyal ,
=A Mae 3 a eat tc \¢
TECHNIQUES DF WTEGRATION scare 99 yorblbe 2
@enginordrnatn
Inkgrahon By Parts
4) Sabres dx Juds= we fay
Soy, keh ue lm yea * (Ww) OS) ~ J¥ oe
du> a = ¥\nx - $ J xdx
2
ox ~te +e
PE \nx 7 a +c
8) J e*sindx Sudse we fly
Solin: bet using — N= e7dx
du> tasxX dx N= e% Seamdx = genie’) ~ S ead
Use wnegeation, by prs aps Jeosxdy
jet U= cx — dv> e% dx
Gu ~ ~Siwadx y>-e*
Setamdx = eanx ~ [eto — S e*canx dx))
Seramdy = ef an — 6% 005% — Poamn doy
Afersindx = _e*sinx — e* won
Setsingdx = z eranx ~ borax +O
Iegration of Pues of She and Cosie
Samtudy of P os"Udy juke W 6 an ead Iiger
av) P acradx .
le wz sink
Sov: Seatxdx = J tastx (coder) ~ S- sistx) cosa din= o5Kdy
= 0 coxdx— Sf sixunxdx — xinx -Je
J J = nx ~Bace bx Sc 4 Subsorilte on yuttube fb
ga) f sm®xdx Genginerdmatn
Sen. Saw?vdx = J fonts) sinnd% = S (ec LEY sinx dx
«J (\ = 2a 4 costx Jomnx dx
~ SJ awxdx ~ 2f Wx srmdx + J cok simmax
leh Uz wx — dus- sinxdy
— AU SIMKaK
= Jaumxdex ~ 2S ur eda) + Fut Gdu)
3 J sword + 2Surdy fat du
ye
=~ 1 YE te
| Dox —L oe
Cos | & Coex OAT C
Case a: J sin’ cos"xdx , whore dleast one Ff the spponents |s ot.
39) J ax ask gx
On: f st xccostn K = Seu costx sinadx -S Ch ox) tool sirncdx
Leb us c06x
du= -guxdx =
aes: J sn"udu and funs"udy wee Is on een inegor
at) P'sinxdix
_ x 4 -
Sola: Sis? xox, = J a OK S J > dx SA (0s Ux OK
= $Sdx— ~ $f msrmdx
= 4x = aan +c
Viet us 2x
WW = dK 20
Case4s Ss" ws" x dx jwhere ohh m amd n are een.
m) J sw'xas'xdx
Soins Paints 00k dA = tJ snten ds -
- qe 3 Peasdx + TS metondx
Subsorlve, on yputuloe, 2h _ A. ~ anux +S ae ay
Wee
Gengnerdmath “Wag
> K. _ sinux Ay anex
a et ig + SORES
”
PK __an x anaX 4,
\28 Re + tad €
nkegation of Powers. of ange coargent, Sean} ord Casecant
Case ts Ptanady ov f uk"udy whee Vs 9 pastive Weyer
We wie: faa y = fan" y tanta cok™= cot ™*u Cook“)
= tan (sec*a-1) = “acs —1)
al) S tanxdx
Swa Stanxdx = J tanx( scc*~~ dex -f tarry sedxda ~ Stanxdx
let us tunx J udu - J tanxax
Au= sechxdrx ve - ln osx) )
3 {ane 4 \n\ax| EC
2) J a! onde
Son: Pak andy = JS eat™4x (osctax 1dr = J oolaxcec?axdx ~S a
L(t?) ~SECm - dx
§ at 3x thakmK ta+c
uw al
toe sec*udy ur fbs "dy whee n is @ poe yon nkeyar
i 2
We We cory = = secu seciA csc" s ese U be cTU
h. y
= Ceara HP cocty = Cot wy csc
be,
a3) (esctaax . + subser'lie-09 youtube R06
Solin Pesetxax = [atts +1) * eset xdx @enginerdmatn
= Jottx cectadx + 2fodtxcsctndx + Sexxdx
SG wt?A ~% cot’ ~— @tat
doses? Poerudu w Pescu dy udwe mB & poahie odd ingore
To twleyale 04d ppuot of Secattt and cosccart we we wnigration hy pts
4) Sisixd
Syn, bet u = Sean due sectxdxc
du> secrtanndx v= tanx
JSseckd x= secatanx — Jf) seers tan ax
= seeatanx — Syeex (sex Ax
Sededx 7 weMtanx ~ Sex + Sooundx
Besecndy = seer tanx + In) seem + danx |
Sted xan = a (secxtanx + nl sex t tanx]) $c
Coy Stan"y Sovudy & Put”u cso'udy )Wtere 1 is a pate
aon ime ger
35) J anon sectndx
Solin: Panta sectndsx = JYatxCtantat 1) secindat
jeeustonx 7 SNPS dx + Prax ccna
dus sodxdx =p tan®X F Thanta tc vied
Cases? Stan"useo”ady of Sot™U Ge "udy juhete MIs a postive.
odd Weyer
%) Start sec dX lehus secx
Seym. Mav®x se@xdx = Stax seotx secamtannadx — du eoxtansdy
- J! (ed 1)" sects (seem tanx dr)
= fi oe’ (sentanixdx) ~2Y se8nc ceortatx dx) + Pecchs (eextanx dy)
= + seu'x ~ 2 secon 4+ tsec*x re Subsorilbe, 0 youtube, Rf,
| ch 3 aon
enginerdmat
‘Cage 6 Sanu seo"udy o¢ Sooty CSc "udy where MIs o postive.
wren indegey and mis a pesitive odd \nkeger-
he ynkegrand can Le anne ed im dam of oH yowens oF secant a cogcant.
Sav x secxdn = Pec) se? x dx
= JsePxdx —Psec%dx >
Ireqraton By Trigonotnelvic: Subshhution,
(Case%® the inegrand contains on expressoy bf dhe dian afa=UP , a>0
let us asind
SH) |) Ax
) J a an
Sn. let X= 3sin8 | Ax= 3asddB
NIK = VS 9- Fat = BAGO = 3c0s0
1 PAE = fee woosadd) = Sut eds
ae gan _ 2
= fee 1) db
=-at8 -B +c
ude. press IM cae 3 Because sin) = — and -47=9<5 $0,
x B= sw! + Te fing cat , referty Rpire on lett.
wot @ = NACX™ subscrve-0n youtube Pe
x @enginerdmath
Sex x There fre:
pe. aa ak aor
ico a Me wmegvand Lanting an) axqression wf the Rem A atrue ya>0
let u= atand
28) | IS ax
Soyn: ket X= VS tan} dns AT seceded
NFS = [Stato to = Ao 1s = Vo eb
Sian = Sermo (aS ekg dB)
DY sec®Odd , Use the rsulbin Rotlan 34:
=F secdtan® +S njsccd +tan8 | + C
Fin te pes, band's BE sxe « EE
OiRGin = BBE GAS PREY etc
e
ab NES +z In| Pe 4x) Bate
v
pairs + Eines tx) + 4
Caseise) Hee ankegrand contains an) sxgression uf the Bim Nu=ar ,a>o
le w= asecd . sul
he aan
3%) J xneaq enginerdina
Sy Jet X= Bse8 5 Axx Ssecptand dd
Nxe=7 = Vasetg- 9 = SN tan) ~ Zand
Bo 2 2
SS =a Atsec39 ~ Hand a7 Sreae'9 a0
= aad Cit @sed) do
=t (6+ 5sn28) +
ay | ee
“ep (oO 4 sinOcos8 ) tc
Fam the Rgue: sin = WEA cose = 3
~
Xe-3
Infeetion of Rational Funotone By Partial Fraction,
up J x) oe
5) x ye —
~ pews i sain of paral Pactions :
*! = A y+ B ye
xO?) Oth) x x2 at! aS
Levey Subsorlbe 0 ypatulve, RE
Solving fie A, 8 BG . @enginerdiath
el, 2 yp ky LS
xr a x2 a+)
- Xe! Zp_ax
, dx = Lf -
aa 7 J es ar m+)
a!
=.
a
Llnjxee|- Slope tc
2 Bias
4) I Koyo
Solin: Devompoge thd sain of partial fractions
el A 2 co
XC 1)? xe * Ca* ‘ Crip 7 a
Shy fr A,B, CD, and E
=
~2
hy 4 a + Me
fa, oe re
+e roy i ered aly eae we
t
Or a et
= . ~ 2— —- 4 Malye
+p hil-AS ep re ip balx-2[be
. =i + 9x4 3.
ae mi so)te
| Misozllanesue Subshhutiony
ye
) ee
oe let X= ES dy= 623
CO
er) d= J ne Uw
subsorilte on yputuloe, RL
Drvke ar Ast , we lve: Geyjeincth
he = ul 4 \
~s (2~ ateet it sar) de
= ae - ie + qe -2 t+ tie te
[Exh — 2% y ax — owt + bbw’ ntC]
ito
4) VU ]—-sinxt osx ode
Solin. fet eeteman d= Jy 52
32
= . swx = a
Iter 7? Jp 22
ax . 24%
J Fan FooX i 14 ae
22 LE 2
hae Se
bm a %
(2) ~2% + U-2*)
de. Re = In\re\ +c
ae SET baad FC
MPLICATIONS 0F INTECRBL CLOULYS
OSK=
ag) Find the otea of the region bounded by ouves y=y* and
Ya HAAG.
SoVn Nek pam) = -o dan, go >
Water se ction
Get *he point (9) of Siouer = 90) = 7%
ay
= go
#0) ge Yorper = FOX) = —x™ 44x
~* F4K = K™ Gu)
a2 subsoribe, 00 ypatube fb
°~4K= O @enginerdmmath
IX =O - x
K=O and yo7 )
mH ye
Using Vertical] ships a
9 A= J (Yorpur ~ Yower Ox
j
= Jo Cee eae) x dx
- Jo AB
= 2 2 2.2
a ~ Exet at . -- 3 + 20] - [351265]
= -bte- (oto 4S
her
48) Find the yolume of the sslid generated by reveling coat he ‘artis
‘Ihe eeqion ourdked by the poroWla y=x* +1 ard the line yams.
ny
SO Gok the pont) of wlesedton , of tuo curkes eb P= x43
Yogper = RIE 70 3
and glx) = K+)
fox =9l%)
MES = CH] Youre geet
W-X-2 =O
(At) 1K -2) =O
eH] KE
yy Xe 2¢ subsorilbe on youtulbe, hf
Using Yerical ship fir disk method : @enginerdmatn
Vet [aie ~ Yc) Ox
\ “7 PL gaat cxiyddx
‘ vf (=x! - x 46x49) ax .
_& re -Lk rat4e]|
= TICES) [S50]
= 2rT
“feo, LENGTH
40) Find te \wigh of he atc of the oun y* Xfi he
me CLL) te (8,4) , 7
pes yoy “J Je ax
Syl
Ao ons
a “Sites ox
, —__-
~ 4
J af I ax a
“AP iN PTT
Cut xn, on
fetus Ox%44 dus gale dx
KEI ,UFIB, x= %, UR 4d
= 1 04 L pe ya7 = 1 (uo - 3%) x
Ls we wedu= 7 zu). = 59 C40 \3 ) 2b 24 Subsoflbe on ypatulee, RE
CENTROID @engjverdmath
+) Find the cerrnd of the tegion bounded bby the curves -y=* and yanks
Soin dame = OS
NY G9) The pants of Wnersechony ate. (+41) ahd (98)
Ke y [ex+3 -x* ] dx
1
32
ylourr, 50) w ~ 3 x #7
=X, le now compute por TY
Xo x [UK+ 3-x* Td
Ka
A
x=]
TAP? tects ete wae
te)
; A
= SS Hx BA - xt) dr
