Temp qsat Temp qsat
5°C 5.6 g/kg 25°C 20 g/kg
10°C 7.7 g/kg 30°C 28 g/kg
15°C 11 g/kg 40°C 47 g/kg
20°C 15 g/kg 50°C 80 g/kg
@ sea level pressure
qSAT = saturation specific humidity
SATURATION:
Represents the maximum amount of water vapor that
can exist in air for a given temperature and pressure.
T=20°C
qsat = 15 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
RH = 50%
Cool to
10°C
T=20°C
T=10°C
qsat = 15 g/kg
qsat = 7.7 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
RH = 50%
RH = 97%
NOW LET’S COOL THE AIR EVEN FURTHER:
Cool to
9.5°C
T=20°C
T=9.5°C
qsat = 15 g/kg
qsat = 7.5 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
RH = 50%
NOW LET’S COOL THE AIR EVEN FURTHER:
Cool to
9.5°C
T=20°C
T=9.5°C
qsat = 15 g/kg
qsat = 7.5 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
RH = 50%
RH = 100%
NOW LET’S COOL THE AIR EVEN FURTHER:
Cool to
9.5°C
T=20°C
T=9.5°C
qSAT = 15 g/kg
qsat = 7.5 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
RH = 50%
RH = 100%
TDEW = 9.5°C
Dew Point Temperature (TDEW): Temperature to which air must be cooled
to reach saturation.
When air is at TDEW, the RH=100%
WHAT IF WE COOL THE AIR BELOW TDEW:
Cool to
Cool to
9.5°C
0°C
T=20°C
T=9.5°C
T=0°C
qsat = 15 g/kg
qsat = 7.5 g/kg
qsat = 3.5 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
q = 3.5 g/kg
RH = 50%
RH = 100%
RH = 100%
WHAT IF WE COOL THE AIR BELOW TDEW:
Cool to
Cool to
9.5°C
0°C
4 g liquid
water for
each kg air
T=20°C
T=9.5°C
T=0°C
qsat = 15 g/kg
qsat = 7.5 g/kg
qsat = 3.5 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
q = 7.5 g/kg
q = 3.5 g/kg
RH = 50%
RH = 100%
RH = 100%
Set Clicker Frequency to BB
Clicker Question
Air
Dew Point
City
Temperature
Temperature
City A
95°F
75°F
City B
50°F
42°F
City C
30°F
21°F
City D
10°F
10°F
Which city has the highest relative humidity?
(A) City A
(B) City B
(C) City C
(D) City D
Set Clicker Frequency to BB
Clicker Question
Air
Dew Point
City
Temperature
Temperature
City A
95°F
75°F
City B
50°F
42°F
City C
30°F
21°F
City D
10°F
10°F
Which city has the highest relative humidity?
(A) City A
(B) City B
(C) City C
(D) City D
Pacific
Ocean
San Diego
Gulf of
Water Temp = 60°F
New Orleans
Water Temp = 80°F
Mexico
New Orleans
Pacific
Water Temp = 80°F
Ocean
San Diego
Gulf of
Water Temp = 60°F
Mexico
New Orleans
Pacific
Water Temp = 80°F
Ocean
San Diego
Gulf of
Water Temp = 60°F
Mexico
AT BOTH LOCATIONS SAN DIEGO NEW ORLEANS
During day, land warms to 85°F
but ocean temp does not change
New Orleans
Pacific
Water Temp = 80°F
Ocean
San Diego
Gulf of
Water Temp = 60°F
Mexico
AT BOTH LOCATIONS SAN DIEGO NEW ORLEANS
During day, land warms to 85°F Twater = 60°F
but ocean temp does not change Tland = 85°F
New Orleans
Pacific
Water Temp = 80°F
Ocean
San Diego
Gulf of
Water Temp = 60°F
Mexico
AT BOTH LOCATIONS SAN DIEGO NEW ORLEANS
During day, land warms to 85°F Twater = 60°F Twater = 80°F
but ocean temp does not change Tland = 85°F Tland = 85°F
New Orleans
Pacific
Water Temp = 80°F
Ocean
San Diego
Gulf of
Water Temp = 60°F
Mexico
AT BOTH LOCATIONS SAN DIEGO NEW ORLEANS
During day, land warms to 85°F Twater = 60°F Twater = 80°F
but ocean temp does not change Tland = 85°F Tland = 85°F
Air over water near saturation RH = 100% RH = 100%
New Orleans
Pacific
Water Temp = 80°F
Ocean
San Diego
Gulf of
Water Temp = 60°F
Mexico
AT BOTH LOCATIONS SAN DIEGO NEW ORLEANS
During day, land warms to 85°F Twater = 60°F Twater = 80°F
but ocean temp does not change Tland = 85°F Tland = 85°F
Air over water near saturation RH = 100% RH = 100%
@ 60°F, qsat=11 g/kg
so, q=11 g/kg
New Orleans
Pacific
Water Temp = 80°F
Ocean
San Diego
Gulf of
Water Temp = 60°F
Mexico
AT BOTH LOCATIONS SAN DIEGO NEW ORLEANS
During day, land warms to 85°F Twater = 60°F Twater = 80°F
but ocean temp does not change Tland = 85°F Tland = 85°F
Air over water near saturation RH = 100% RH = 100%
@ 60°F, qsat=11 g/kg @80°F, qsat=22 g/kg
so, q=11 g/kg so, q=22 g/kg
New Orleans
Pacific
Water Temp = 80°F
Ocean
San Diego
Gulf of
Water Temp = 60°F
Mexico
AT BOTH LOCATIONS SAN DIEGO NEW ORLEANS
During day, land warms to 85°F Twater = 60°F Twater = 80°F
but ocean temp does not change Tland = 85°F Tland = 85°F
Air over water near saturation RH = 100% RH = 100%
@ 60°F, qsat=11 g/kg @80°F, qsat=22 g/kg
so, q=11 g/kg so, q=22 g/kg
Ocean air moves inland and
warms to 85°F
As air moves inland, q stays
the same. What is RH?
@ 85°F, qsat = 25.6 g/kg
New Orleans
Pacific
Water Temp = 80°F
Ocean
San Diego
Gulf of
Water Temp = 60°F
Mexico
AT BOTH LOCATIONS SAN DIEGO NEW ORLEANS
During day, land warms to 85°F Twater = 60°F Twater = 80°F
but ocean temp does not change Tland = 85°F Tland = 85°F
Air over water near saturation RH = 100% RH = 100%
@ 60°F, qsat=11 g/kg @80°F, qsat=22 g/kg
so, q=11 g/kg so, q=22 g/kg
Ocean air moves inland and RH = (q/qsat)x100%
warms to 85°F RH = (11/25.6)x100%
As air moves inland, q stays RH = 43%
the same. What is RH?
@ 85°F, qsat = 25.6 g/kg
New Orleans
Pacific
Water Temp = 80°F
Ocean
San Diego
Gulf of
Water Temp = 60°F
Mexico
AT BOTH LOCATIONS SAN DIEGO NEW ORLEANS
During day, land warms to 85°F Twater = 60°F Twater = 80°F
but ocean temp does not change Tland = 85°F Tland = 85°F
Air over water near saturation RH = 100% RH = 100%
@ 60°F, qsat=11 g/kg @80°F, qsat=22 g/kg
so, q=11 g/kg so, q=22 g/kg
Ocean air moves inland and RH = (q/qsat)x100% RH = (q/qsat)x100%
warms to 85°F RH = (11/25.6)x100% RH = (22/25.6)x100%
As air moves inland, q stays RH = 43% RH = 86%
the same. What is RH?
@ 85°F, qsat = 25.6 g/kg
Set Clicker Frequency to BB
Clicker Question
During the night a cloud moves overhead. In general,
how does this impact the surface (ground) temperature?
(A) Has no impact on the surface temperature
(B) The surface temperature will increase
(C) The surface temperature will decrease
Set Clicker Frequency to BB
Clicker Question
During the night a cloud moves overhead. In general,
how does this impact the surface (ground) temperature?
(A) Has no impact on the surface temperature
(B) The surface temperature will increase
(C) The surface temperature will decrease
Set Clicker Frequency to BB
Clicker Question
If the night is cloudy (not fog), will the clouds help produce
radiation fog?
(A) Yes
(B) No
Set Clicker Frequency to BB
Clicker Question
If the night is cloudy (not fog), will the clouds help produce
radiation fog?
(A) Yes
(B) No
Radiation Fog in the
San Joaquin Valley
January 2004
S.F.
SNOW
FOG
L.A.