Yllana Bay View College, Inc.
“The Builder of Future Leaders”
Senior High School Department
Enerio Street, Balangasan District, Pagadian City
TEACHING GUIDE
Disaster readiness and Risk Reduction Mgt.
Date Week 10
Topic/Lesson Other related geological hazards
Rainfall induced Landslide
Causes of landslide
Natural causes of Landslide Include
Effects of landslides
Sink Holes
Types of Sink holes
Signs of Impending Geological
Hazards
Precautionary Measures
Geological Hazard Map
Content Standards The learners demonstrate understanding of…
Related geological hazards 1. Rainfall-
induced landslide 2. Sinkhole
Performance Standards
The learners develop a family emergency
preparedness plan to guide them on what to
do before, during, and after the occurrence of
events that cause geological hazards.
Learning Competencies The learners…
1. Discuss the different geological hazards;
2. Analyze the causes of geological hazards;
3. Recognize signs of impending geological
hazards;
4. Interpret geological maps; and
5. Apply mitigation strategies to prevent loss
of lives and properties
Specific Learning Outcomes Learners will be able to:
1. Discuss the different geological hazards
2. Analyze the causes of geological hazards
3. Recognize signs of impending geological
hazards
4. Interpret different geological maps
5. Apply mitigation strategies to prevent loss and
properties
Time Allotment 4 hours and 30 minutes
Teaching Strategy Group discussion and Oral Recitation
LESSON OUTLINE
I- Introduction Opening prayer, recap and Communicate
learning objectives 1. Explain in his/her own
words the definition of landslide
2. explain the different types of landslides.
3. explain the causes of landslides.
II- Motivation Definition of Terms
1. Ask 2 to 3 learners to describe how they
would define what a landslide is.
Teacher also ask the class if anyone has
seen or experienced a landslide, and ask
them to share their experiences.
III- Instruction/ Delivery Introduction:
Geological hazards are natural phenomena that
cause major problems all over the world. The
expansion and development of cities lead to an
Increase in impact and damage due to
geological hazards.
Rainfall Induced Landslide
A landslide is a massive outward and
downward movement of slope forming
materials. The landslide is restricted to
movements of rocks and soil masses. These
term landslide is restricted to movements of
rocks and soil masses.
Causes of Landslide
Occur when the slope changes from a stable to
an unstable condition. A change in the stability
of a slope can be caused by a number of factors,
acting together alone.
Natural causes of landslides include:
Ground water pressure acting to
destabilized the slope
Loss of absence of vertical vegetative
structure, soil nutrients and soil structure
Erosion of the toe of a slope by rivers or
ocean waves
Weakening of a slope through saturation
by snow melt, glaciers, melting or heavy
rains
Earthquakes adding loads to barely
stable slope
Earthquake caused liquefaction
destabilizing slopes
Volcanic eruptions
Landslides are also aggravated by human
activities, such as:
Deforestation, cultivation and
construction, which destabilize the
already fragile slopes.
Vibrations from machinery or traffic
Blasting (e.g. as miners normally do)
Earthwork which alters the shape of a
slope, or which imposes new loads on
an existing slope
In shallow soils, the removal of deep-
rooted vegetation that binds colluvium
to bedrock (e.g. kaingin farming system)
Construction works, agricultural forestry
activities (e.g. logging) which change
the amount of water infiltrating the soil.
Effects of Landsides
Landslides cause property damage, injury and
death and adversely effect a variety of
resources. For example, water supplies,
fisheries, sewage disposal systems, forests,
dams and roadways can be affected for years
after a slide.
The negative economic effects of landslides
include the cost to repair structures, loss of
property value, disruption of transportation
routes, medical costs in the event of injury,
and indirect costs such as lost timber and
lost fish stocks. Water availability, quantity
and quality can be affected by landslides.
Geotechnical studies and engineering projects
to assess and stabilize potentially dangerous
sites can be costly.
Sinkholes = are common where the rock below
the land surface is limestone, carbonate rock,
salt beds, or rocks that can naturally be
dissolved by groundwater circulating through
them.
Types of Sinkholes
Dissolution sinkholes= Dissolution of the
limestone or dolomite is most intensive where
the water first contacts the rock surface.
Aggressive dissolution also occurs where flow
is focused in preexisting openings in the rock,
such as along joints, fractures, and bedding
planes, and in the zone of water-table
fluctuation where groundwater is in contact
with the atmosphere.
Cover- subsidence sinkholes= tend to develop
gradually where the covering sediments are
permeable and contain sand. In areas where
cover material is thicker or sediments contain
more clay, cover- subsidence sinkholes are
relatively uncommon, are smaller, and may go
undetected for long periods.
Cover-collapse sinkholes
May develop abruptly ( over a period of hours)
and cause catastrophic damages. They occur
where the covering sediments contain a
significant amount of clay. Over time, surface
drainage, erosion, and deposition of sinkhole
develop into a shallower bowl- shaped
depression.
Signs of Impending Geological Hazards
A. Landslide
1. Earlier landslide as an indicator
2. Tension cracks
3. Things Moving
4. Water Doing Something Different
B. Sinkholes= rarely strike without giving
some warning in the surrounding
environment or in a nearby home.
Trees or fence posts that tilt or fall
Foundations that slant
New small ponds that appear after
rain
Cracks in the ground
Sudden drainage of a pond
Rapid appearance of a hole in the
ground
Dips, depressions, slopes that appear
in a yard
Dead patches of grass or plants
Sinkholes in the neighborhood
Wilted vegetation in a limited area
Well water that is discolored or
contaminated with debris
Crackling or buckling of homes
concrete slab
Presence of odd bugs like slugs and
centipedes in the home
Earthly odor in home after rain
New or widening cracks
Separation between walls and
ceiling or floors
Cracks in interior walls
Cracks around door and window
frames
Cracked grout between tiles
Cracked tiles
Stair step cracks in blocks or bricks
Uneven floors, warping of
hardwood, bulging or sagging
sections
Doors or windows that don’t open or
close easily
Cracks in sheetrock near doors or
windows.
Precautionary measure
1. Watch for signs of water disappearing
from the surface ( for example, the
sudden loss of a steam or retention
pond)
2. If a sinkhole occurs in an area of traffic,
barricade it to prevent motorists or
pedestrians from getting too close to it.
3. Check fields before undertaking
machine- related activities, such as
haying or harvesting.
4. Keep tractors and heavy machinery far
enough away from the sinkhole, since
the ground near the edge can easily give
way. It is recommended that machinery
stay at least as far from the edge as the
hole is deep.
5. Sinkholes will be more prevalent during
times of increased and rapid rainfall,
such as with the type of rains occurring
during hurricane.
6. Call emergency hotlines and advise
them of the sinkhole and of the hole
which is near utility lines or in a
roadway.
7. Restrict access to the hole.
8. Don’t get too close to or go down into
the hole.
9. Do not allow unauthorized or
inexperienced persons to investigate the
sinkhole.
Mitigation strategies to prevent loss of lives and
properties in case of landslide.
What to do before landslide
1. Its good to secure clearance from the
Mines and Geosciences Bureau
(MGB) on status of possible
landslides.
2. Help prepare the members of the
family for evacuation upon the
direction of proper authorities.
3. Maintain a list of contact numbers
during emergencies.
4. Participate in planting grasses to
cover slopes or in building riprap
prevent soil erosion.
5. Participate in regular drills on
evacuation procedures.
6. Help promote public awareness and
involvement on landslide mitigation
7. Help develop family preparedness
and evacuation plan.
What to do during landslide
1. Evacuate immediately if warned of
an impending landslide or mudflow.
2. Stay away from the path of landslide
debris, or seek refuge behind a
sturdy tree or boulder.
3. Get out of house as soon as possible
when rumbling sounds are heard
from upstream or the trembling of
the ground is felt, indicating a
possible mudflow.
4. Run across a slope, not downwards.
What to do after a landslide
1. Examine thoroughly the damaged
parts and utilities of the house before
re- occupying it.
2. Stay away from the landslide area.
There may be danger of additional
landslides.
3. Help check with caution injured and
trapped persons within the landslide
area and direct rescuers to their
locations.
4. Listen to local radio or television
stations for the lates emergency
information.
5. Help in seeking the advice of a
geotechnical expert to evaluate
landslide hazards or design
corrective measures to reduce
landslide risk.
IV- Practice Learners will be divided into three group and
would be asked to formulate their Family
emergency plan and be able to present it to the
class.
V-Enrichment Ask the student to research on Geological
Hazard Map and Flow and landslide
Susceptibility Map. And be able to identify the
different color in the map.
VI – Evaluation Learning insight
VII - Recommended Resources and Research in www. google.com, net book,
Material marker
Prepared by
BENAFE A. MAGHUYOP- RSW
Teacher
