Yllana Bay View College, Inc.

“The Builder of Future Leaders”

Senior High School Department
Enerio Street, Balangasan District, Pagadian City

TEACHING GUIDE
Disaster readiness and Risk Reduction Mgt.
Date Week 13 to Week 14
Topic/Lesson Fire hazard
 1. Fire triangle
 2. Causes of fires
 3. Phases of a fire emergency
Content Standards The learners demonstrate understanding of…
Fire hazards and related concepts: 1. Fire
triangle 2. Causes of fires 3. Phases of a fire
emergency
Performance Standards The learners develop a family emergency
preparedness plan to guide them on what to
do before, during, and after a fire incident
Learning Competencies The learners…
1. Recognize elements of the fire triangle in
different situations;
2. Analyze the different causes of fires;
3. Observe precautionary measures and
proper procedures in addressing a fire
incident;
Specific Learning Outcomes Learners will be able to:

1. Familiarize oneself with the elements

of the fire triangle in different
situations
2. Enumerate the different causes of fire
3. Observe precautionary measures and
proper procedures in addressing a fire
incident
4. Apply basic response procedures
during the incident
5. Know and implement the fire
emergency and evacuation plans

Time Allotment 4 hours and 30 minutes

Teaching Strategy Group discussion and Oral Recitation
LESSON OUTLINE
I- Introduction Opening Prayer, Recap and Communicate
learning objective
II- Motivation Sharing of experience:
Ask the learners to relate to the class their
experience about an incident of fire.
III- Instruction/ Delivery Introduction
Fire hazards include all types of live flames,
causes sparks, hot objects and chemicals that
are potential for ignition, or that can aggravate a
fire to become large and uncontrolled. Fire
hazards also include all types of potential
threats to fire prevention practices, firefighting ,
built- in fire safety systems and situations that
restrict the escape of people from an affected
building or area in the event of a fire. Fire
hazards pose threats to life and property. It is,
therefore, the prime object of safety systems to
detect, remove or reduce the risk of the
threatened by these potential hazard.

Common Fire Hazards

The following fire hazards are common at
home, in public places. Transports and work
places.
 All types of flames used for any work
 Electric wires, higher loads, loose
connections and old electrical
equipment
 All cooking and heat generating
appliances
 All works and situations where fire is
essential such as wielding, cutting metal
casting etc.
 Improper storage of tools, equipment
and items during and at the end of day’s
work
 Smoking and personal lighters and
matches
 Fireworks, pyro-technics, ammunitions
and explosives
 Improper and unauthorized storage of
flammable and hazardous materials and
chemicals especially the flammable ones
 Insufficient capacity and numbers of
 emergency exits and stairs
 Hindrance to sight or reach firefighting
equipment, markings and alarm systems
 Insufficient numbers and types of fire
extinguishers
 Absence of fire detection and alarm
system
 Violation of building and fire codes

Elements of Fire Triangle

The fire triangle or combustion triangle is a

simple model for understanding the necessary
ingredients for most fires. The triangle
illustrates the three elements a fire needs to
ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent
(usually oxygen).
A fire naturally occurs when the elements are
present and combined in the right mixture,
meaning that fire is actually an event rather than
a thing. A fire can be prevented or extinguished
by removing any one of the elements in the fire
triangle. For example, covering a fire with a fire
blanket removes the oxygen part of the triangle
and can extinguish fire.

Top causes of fire

Kitchen Stoves
 When left unattended
 Electric cords, curtains, tea
towels and oven cloths are
so close to the stove top
 When long flowing sleeves
are contracting gas flames.

Faulty Wiring
 If installation was not done
by qualified electrician
 Capacity overload
 If safety switches and correct
fuses were not installed

Smoking in Bed
 Smoking in bed can cause
 fire- tiny embers can smolder
unnoticed and burst into
flame much later.
Lighting
 Poor light fittings can cause
heat build up
 Lampshades are so close to
light globes and lamp bases
that can be knocked over
easily.
 Recessed down lights are not
properly insulated from wood
paneling or ceiling timbers.
Flammable Liquids
 When flammable liquids such
as petrol, kerosene,
methylated spirits are not
stored properly, Storage
should be away from heat.
 Unsafe handling and use of
flammable liquids is a
potential fire hazard.
Candles
 When candles are left
unattended. Do not sleep with
a burning candle.
 When curtains and other
flammable items are close to
burning candles
Children
 When children are playing with
fire. Keep all matches, lighters
and candles out of reach of
small children
 Children are not well oriented
about fire hazards and fire
safety.
Basic Response Procedure during a Fire
Incident

The following response procedure was adopted

from The University of Chicago Fire Response
Plan. It was summarized by the acronym
RACER (Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish,
Relocate, Secure)
Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan
 Is written document which includes the action
to be taken by all staff in the event of fire and
the arrangements for calling the fire brigade. It
can include any relevant information in relation
to the FEEP.( Fire Emergency and Evacuation
Plan)
Listed below are the salient components of Fire
Emergency and Evacuation Plan
 Fire evacuation strategy
 Action on discovering a fire
 Action on hearing the fire alarm
 Calling the fire brigade
 Power/process isolation
 Identification of key escape routes
 Fire marshals Places of Assembly and
roll call
 Fire fighting equipment provided
 Training required
 Personal Emergence Evacuation Plan
 Liaison with emergency services
IV- Practice Divide the class into 4 then ask them to Draw a
sample of Fire Escape Plan. Then present their
output in class.
V-Enrichment Ask the learners to watch the following movies
1. Towering Inferno
2. Ladder 49
After watching the film answer the following
question:
1. Identify the causes of the two fire
incidents
2. Describe and compare the precautionary
measures and procedures employed in
addressing the two fire incidents
3. Describe the roles of firefighters in
firefighting and fire control.
Then share their output in class.
VI – Evaluation Learning insight
VII - Recommended Resources and Research in www. google.com, net book,
Material marker
Prepared by

BENAFE A. MAGHUYOP- RSW

Teacher