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Homework 1 Numerical Analysis

1. In numerical analysis, a 1 can be placed in the relative error because relative error is defined as the ratio of the absolute error to the actual value. 2. There are 5 main types of errors in numerical analysis: rounding off errors, truncation errors, discretization errors, numerical instability errors, and beneficial errors that provide useful information. 3. For mathematical problems, the numerical results of summing 1/k from k=1 to 100 and 1/k from k=100 to 1 would be the same. However, in numerical analysis the results could differ due to the way smaller numbers are modified during addition to match the exponent of larger numbers, which can cause the contribution of

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117 views3 pages

Homework 1 Numerical Analysis

1. In numerical analysis, a 1 can be placed in the relative error because relative error is defined as the ratio of the absolute error to the actual value. 2. There are 5 main types of errors in numerical analysis: rounding off errors, truncation errors, discretization errors, numerical instability errors, and beneficial errors that provide useful information. 3. For mathematical problems, the numerical results of summing 1/k from k=1 to 100 and 1/k from k=100 to 1 would be the same. However, in numerical analysis the results could differ due to the way smaller numbers are modified during addition to match the exponent of larger numbers, which can cause the contribution of

Uploaded by

Rizky Kusumastuti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HOMEWORK 1

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Name : Rizky Kusumastuti

Student ID : 108323607

1. At section 1.6.1 Absolute Error and Relative Error. In equation 1.20, why we
could put 1 in the relative error ?
2
Because in sometimes in relative error, we find that

2. How many different error in numerical analysis? Please list them and set an

example to explain in detail?

a. Rounding Off

The round-off error is used because representing every number as a real number

isn't possible. So rounding is introduced to adjust for this situation. A round-off

error represents the numerical amount between what a figure actually is versus its

closest real number value, depending on how the round is applied. For instance,

rounding to the nearest whole number means you round up or down to what is the

closest whole figure. So if your result is 3.31 then you would round to 3. Rounding

the highest amount would be a bit different. In this approach, if your figure is 3.31,

your rounding would be to 4. In terms of numerical analysis the round-off error is

an attempt to identify what the rounding distance is when it comes up in

algorithms. It's also known as a quantization error.

b. Truncation Error

A truncation error occurs when approximation is involved in numerical analysis.

The error factor is related to how much the approximate value is at variance from

the actual value in a formula or math result. For example, take the formula of 3 x 3
+ 4. The calculation equals 28. Now, break it down and the root is close to 1.99.

The truncation error value is therefore equal to 0.01.

c. Discretization Error

Discretization involves converting or partitioning variables or continuous

attributes to nominal attributes, intervals and variables. As a type of truncation

error, the discretization error focuses on how much a discrete math problem is not

consistent with a continuous math problem.

d. Numerical Stability

If an error stays at one point in an algorithm and doesn't aggregate further as the

calculation continues, then it's considered a numerically stable error. This happens

when the error causes only a very small variation in the formula result. If the

opposite occurs and the error propagates bigger as the calculation continues, then

it is considered numerically unstable.

e. Error Benefits

Errors are usually regarded as negative, but math errors come in useful in

statistics, computer programming, advanced mathematics and much more.

Evaluating errors provides significantly useful information, especially when

chance and probability is required.


1 1 100 1
3. In page 75, please explain the difference between ∑ −1 and ∑ 1 k in their
k

k=100 k =1

numerical result!

Solve :

for mathematical problems, the results obtained from the two equations will be the same

because there is no different between the numbers that added even though the

direction is reversed
1
1 1 1
∑ (−1 ¿ ¿ 1k ¿ )¿ ¿ = (−1 ¿ ¿ 100 )¿+ (−1 99 ) +(−1 ¿ ¿ 9 8 )¿ + (−1 ¿ ¿ 9 7 ) ¿,
1
equation 1 :
k=100

…,+(−1 ¿ ¿ 1 )¿
1
1 00
1
equation 2 : ∑ (−1 ¿ ¿ 1 ¿ )¿ ¿ = ¿ ¿) + (−1 2 ) + ( 3 ) + (−1 ¿ ¿ ) ¿, ……, +(−1 1 00 )
1 1 1

k =1 k −1 4

But in Numerical Analysis, that would be different result. Because in the Numerical

analysis in the process of adding two numbers the smaller number is modified so that its

exponent matches that of the larger number, this can result in moving the significant digits

of the smaller out of the range of significant digits carried by the computer. As a result the

contribution of the small number is lost (cancelled out by the larger), for example of a 4-

digit precision calculation


0.1234 X 104 + 0.5678 X 104 → 0.1234 X 104

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