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REFERENCE : https://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/ctg/dm/sql_examples.htm
INTERACTIVE SQL EXAMPLES
create a table to store information about weather observation stations:
-- No duplicate ID fields allowed
CREATE TABLE STATION
(ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
CITY CHAR(20),
STATE CHAR(2),
LAT_N REAL,
LONG_W REAL);
populate the table STATION with a few rows:
INSERT INTO STATION VALUES (13, 'Phoenix', 'AZ', 33, 112);
INSERT INTO STATION VALUES (44, 'Denver', 'CO', 40, 105);
INSERT INTO STATION VALUES (66, 'Caribou', 'ME', 47, 68);
query to look at table STATION in undefined order:
SELECT * FROM STATION;
ID CITY STATE LAT_N LONG_W
13 Phoenix AZ 33 112
44 Denver CO 40 105
66 Caribou ME 47 68
query to select Northern stations (Northern latitude > 39.7):
-- selecting only certain rows is called a "restriction".
SELECT * FROM STATION
WHERE LAT_N > 39.7;
ID CITY STATE LAT_N LONG_W
44 Denver CO 40 105
66 Caribou ME 47 68
query to select only ID, CITY, and STATE columns:
-- selecting only certain columns is called a "projection".
SELECT ID, CITY, STATE FROM STATION;
ID CITY STATE
13 Phoenix AZ
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44 Denver CO
66 Caribou ME
query to both "restrict" and "project":
SELECT ID, CITY, STATE FROM STATION
WHERE LAT_N > 39.7;
ID CITY STATE
44 Denver CO
66 Caribou ME
create another table to store normalized temperature and precipitation data:
-- ID field must match some STATION table ID
(so name and location will be known).
-- allowable ranges will be enforced for other values.
-- no duplicate ID and MONTH combinations.
-- temperature is in degrees Fahrenheit.
-- rainfall is in inches.
CREATE TABLE STATS
(ID INTEGER REFERENCES STATION(ID),
MONTH INTEGER CHECK (MONTH BETWEEN 1 AND 12),
TEMP_F REAL CHECK (TEMP_F BETWEEN -80 AND 150),
RAIN_I REAL CHECK (RAIN_I BETWEEN 0 AND 100),
PRIMARY KEY (ID, MONTH));
populate the table STATS with some statistics for January and July:
INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (13, 1, 57.4, 0.31);
INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (13, 7, 91.7, 5.15);
INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (44, 1, 27.3, 0.18);
INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (44, 7, 74.8, 2.11);
INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (66, 1, 6.7, 2.10);
INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (66, 7, 65.8, 4.52);
query to look at table STATS in undefined order:
SELECT * FROM STATS;
ID MONTH TEMP_F RAIN_I
13 1 57.4 .31
13 7 91.7 5.15
44 1 27.3 .18
44 7 74.8 2.11
66 1 6.7 2.1
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66 7 65.8 4.52
query to look at table STATS, picking up location information by joining with
table STATION on the ID column:
-- matching two tables on a common column is called a "join".
-- the column names often match, but this is not required.
-- only the column values are required to match.
SELECT * FROM STATION, STATS
WHERE STATION.ID = STATS.ID;
ID CITY ST LAT_N LONG_W ID MONTH TEMP_F RAIN_I
13 Phoenix AZ 33 112 13 1 57.4 .31
13 Phoenix AZ 33 112 13 7 91.7 5.15
44 Denver CO 40 105 44 1 27.3 .18
44 Denver CO 40 105 44 7 74.8 2.11
66 Caribou ME 47 68 66 1 6.7 2.1
66 Caribou ME 47 68 66 7 65.8 4.52
