Financial Management
Formula Sheet
3 – Financial Statement Analysis
German Corporate Tax
Corporate Tax = 0.15 x EBT
Trade Tax = TCR / 100 x MCR / 100 x EBT
Solidarity Surcharge = 0.055 x Corporate Tax
Net Working Capital
NWC = Current Assets (CA) – Current Liabilities (CL)
Cash Flow
OCF = EBIT – Taxes + Depreciation
NCS/CAPEX = Ending Net Fixed Assets – Beginning Net Fixed Assets +
Depreciation
CFFA/FCF = Operating Cash Flow – Net Capital Spending – Changes in NWC
EBITD = EBIT + Depreciation
EBITDA = EBIT + Depreciation + Amortization
Liquidity Ratios
Current Ratio = CA / CL
Quick Ratio = (CA – Inventory) / CL
Cash Ratio = Cash / CL
Financial Leverage Ratios
Times Interest Earned = EBIT / Interest
Cash Coverage Ratio = (EBIT + Depreciation) / Interest
Financial Management 1
Financial Management
Asset Management Ratios
Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory
Days’ Sales in Inventory = 365 / Inventory Turnover
Receivables Turnover = Sales / Accounts Receivable
Days’ Sales in Receivables = 365 / Receivables Turnover
Total Asset Turnover (TAT) = Sales / Total Assets
DuPont Identity
Return on Equity (ROE) = PM x TAT x EM
Market Value Ratios
Earnings per Share = Net Income / Shares Outstanding
Price-Earnings Ratio = Price per Share / Earnings per Share
Market-to-Book Ratio = Market Value per Share / Book Value per Share
Book Value per Share = Total Equity / Shares Outstanding
4 – Long-Term Financial Planning
Dividend Payout Ratio
d = Dividends / Net Income
Retention Ratio
b = Addition to Retained Earnings / Net Income
External Financing Needed
EFN = Asset × g − Trade
payable × g − (1 − d )(1 + g ) × NI
ROA × b
Internal
Growth
Rate =
1 -‐ ROA × b
ROE × b
Sustainable
Growth
Rate =
1 -‐ ROE × b
Financial Management 2
Financial Management
6 – Capital Budgeting
Net Present Value
If cash flows are constant, C1= C2=…= C then
Ci T
NPV = −C0 + ∑ T
Ci #1− v T & 1
i =1 (1 + r )
i
∑ (1+ r)i = C % r ( !!!!!!!!!!where!!v = 1+ r
i=1 $ '
Discounted Payback Period x
x x
Ci Ci
∑ (1+ r) i
≥ C0 !!!!!!!!!or!!!!!!!! - C0 + ∑ i
≥0
i=1 i=1 (1+ r)
Internal Rate of Return
NPV1 x r2 - NPV2 x r1
IRR =
NPV1 - NPV2
Profitability Index
T
Ci
∑ (1 + r )
i =1
i
PI =
C0
7 – Interest Rates and Bond Valuation
General Pricing Formula
T
Ci F
Bond Value =∑ i
+
i=1 (1+ r) (1+ r)T
Bond Value of Zero Coupon Bond
F
Bond Value =
(1 + r )T
Financial Management 3
Financial Management
Bond Value of Fixed-rate Bond
# 1− ν T & T
Bond Value = C ⋅ % ( + F ⋅ν
$ r '
1
where ν =
1+ r
Bond Value of Consol
C
Bond Value =
r
8 – Equity Markets and Stock Valuation
Price today of a share
D1 D2 D3
P0 = 1
+ 2
+ + ...
(1 + R) (1 + R) (1 + R) 3
Constant Dividend
D
P0 =
R
Dividend Growth
D1 D (1+ g)
P0 = = 0
R−g R−g
Required Rate of Return
R = (D1 / P0 ) + g
Financial Management 4