SICINECE for the exchange of these gases in the bloodstream, the body

QUARTER 2 - MODULE 2: cells, and the atmosphere.

THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEM
(Respiratory System,Circulatory System & Nervous System) What's In
What I Need to Know Respiratory system consists of organs that take in oxygen
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is and give off carbon dioxide from the body. Encircle all the
here to help you master the human body systems. The scope parts of the respiratory system from words inside the box.
of this module is used in many different learning situations. Stomach, lungs, epiglottis, alveoli, small intestine,
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of large intestine, nostrils, trachea, anus
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read What's New
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you Directions: Guess the concept being described in each item.
are now using Unscramble the letters of the highlighted word to come up
This module is divided into three lessons: with the correct answer. Write your answers in your Science
Lesson 1 - Respiratory System journal.
Lesson 2 - Circulatory System 1. I am the gas that is given off during exhalation. ONBCAR
Lesson 3 - Nervous System EDDIOXI _________
After going through this module, you are expected to: 2. I go through the air sacs and into the blood. XYGONE____
 Identify the different organs of the respiratory system, 3. I am a long tube connecting your mouth to your lungs.
circulatory system, and nervous system RATHCAE______
 Describe the parts and functions of each organ of the 4. I serve as a passageway for both food and air. NXAPHRY
respiratory system, circulatory system and nervous ______
system 5. I am made of body parts that help you breathe in oxygen
 Explain how the organs of each organ system work and breathe out carbon dioxide. PISERAROTYR
together METSYS_______
What I Know What Is It
Directions: Read the following item and choose the letter of The respiratory system is a system that enables the
the correct answer. Write your answers in your Science respiration process in all living things. Breathing process is
journal. essential to both human and animals in order to live. The
1. Which part of the respiratory system where air, water, and process of exchanges of gases with the environment is called
food pass through? respiration. Respiration is the intake of oxygen and its
a. Larynx b. Trachea c. Pharynx d. Epiglottis delivery to the cells of the different parts of the body and the
2. What is the main organ of the respiratory system? release of carbon dioxide.
a. alveoli b. bronchi c. diaphragm d. lungs
3. These are small pouches or sacs in the lungs where
exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place.
a. bronchial tube b. nostrils c. alveoli d. nasal cavity
4. Which part of the circulatory system carries blood
throughout the body?
a. blood vessels b. Heart c. Blood d. veins
5. It is the pumping organ of the circulatory system.
a. heart b. blood c. blood vessels d. veins
6. It is referred to as the river of life.
a. blood vessels b. heart d. capillaries c. blood
7. It is considered as the functional unit of the nervous Nasal Cavity
system. The nostrils are the opening into the nasal passages that
a. brain b. neurons c. muscles d. bones are lined with hairs. The nasal cavity is lined by glands that
8. It controls and coordinates the activities of the whole produce sticky mucus. Dust, pollen, and other materials are
nervous system. trapped by mucus. This trapping of air impurities helps in
a. central nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system filtering the air you breathe.
c. nervous system d. brain Pharynx and Larynx
9. It is a system that controls other parts of the body. Pharynx is also called the throat. The common
a. nervous system b. circulatory system passageway for both food, water, and air. The larynx
c. digestive system d. respiratory system contains two vocal cords that vibrate when air passes by
10. It is the primary organ of the central nervous system them.
contained within the skull. Trachea
a. brain b. axon c. dendrites d. cell body Trachea is known as the windpipe. It also filters the air
we inhale and branches into the bronchi.
Lesson 1 The Respiratory System Bronchi
Take a deep breath. Observe where the air goes as it enters Bronchi are two tubes that carry air into the lungs.
your nose to the lungs. Breathing process involves different Bronchial tubes branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles.
organs in the respiratory system as we take in oxygen and Bronchioles
exhale carbon dioxide. The respiratory system is responsible
 Bronchioles are smaller tubes that branch off into 2. Your classmates catch colds and they sneeze and cough
alveoli without covering their mouths and noses. What will you do?
Alveoli
Alveoli are grapelike structures at the end of each Additional Activities
bronchioles surrounded by capillaries. Between the alveoli Directions: List down at least 5 health habits on how to make
and capillaries, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide yourself free from viruses and other germs that cause
takes place. respiratory diseases. Write you answer on a separate sheet of
Lungs paper.
Lungs are the main organ of the respiratory system. This Lesson 2 The Circulatory System
is where exchange of gases occurs, oxygen is taken in and The circulatory system is one of the most important systems
carbon dioxide is expelled out. in the human body. It transports the needed blood and
Diaphragm nutrients in the body. It consists of the heart, blood, and
Diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that controls blood vessels.
breathing which is located at the bottom of the lungs. When What's In
we inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves down Directions: Write the term on the blank to complete every
allowing air to move into the lungs. When we exhale, the definition. Choose your answer from the words inside the
diaphragm expands, thus reducing the amount of space for box.
the lungs and forces air out. Heart, blood, vessels, blood
Breathing is very important in life. Each organ of 1. They carry blood from the rest of the body to the heart.
respiratory systems works together to circulate oxygen 2. It is the liquid part that is constantly flowing throughout
throughout the body. The circulation of oxygen starts from 3. It keeps the blood moving throughout the body.
the nostril going through the pharynx and larynx, down to the
trachea, bronchi and bronchioles and lastly the air you breath What's New
goes at the tiny-walled sacs called alveoli where the Directions: Identify what is being described in the following
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. statements by arranging the given scrambled word/words.
Write your answer in your Science journal.
What's More 1. These are the lower chambers of the heart.__ (triclesven)
Activity 1 2. These are the upper chambers of the heart (atmuir)
Directions: The parts of the respiratory system are listed 3. This is what makes the blood red. It carries oxygen and
below, but they are not in order. Rearrange the organs in other nutrients in the blood____ (moghe binlo)
order to show how the air circulates in our body. . 4. These blood vessels carry blood to the heart (vensi)
 Bronchioles 5. These blood vessels carry blood away from the heart.____
 Trachea (arrieste)
 Pharynx 6. These components of blood help stop or prevent
 Larynx . bleeding._____(platetel)
 Bronchi 7. They are known as leucocytes that have a vital role in the
Nostril -___-____-____-____-____Alveoli body's immune system_______________ (wihte boold clles)
Activity 2. 8. It is the main component of blood and consists mostly of
Directions: Explain how the organs of respiratory work water________________(asplma)
together as a system. 9.It transports blood throughout the body.____ (boold
vsseel)
What I Have Learned 10. It is the pumping organ of the body.________(earth)
Directions: Fill in the blank with the missing words. Write
your answers in your Science journal. What Is It
I learned that... The circulatory system is a transport system of the body. It is
The parts of the respiratory system are responsible for the distribution of blood and other nutrients
the__________________________________________ throughout the body. It is made up of heart, blood and blood
vessels namely veins, arteries and capillaries. These vessels
The respiratory system is the system responsible for the carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the body.
exchange of___to____ in the blood to be used by the cells.
As you inhale, air enters the____and it passes through
the nasal cavity,____,larynx_____,bronchial tube,
bronchioles _____

What I Can Do
Directions: Read and understand each question carefully and
explain your answer clearly. Write your answers in your
Science journal.
1. You are living in a crowded community. How can you
protect yourself from respiratory diseases such as cold and
BLOOD
pneumonia ? Give at least 2 ways.
The blood is the liquid part that is constantly flowing
throughout the body. It is composed of a liquid part called
plasma and the solid parts of formed components which are Left side of the heart (operating at the same time as the right
the red blood cells known asthe erythrocytes that transport side of the heart)
gases to and from the cells. The white blood cells or The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the
leucocytes play a vital role in the body's immune system. lungs into the left atrium of the heart.
They fight bad bacteria, viruses and others that cause As the atrium contracts, blood flows from the left atrium into
infection. The last formed components are the platelets or the left ventricle through the open mitral valve.
thrombocytes. They are the smallest of formed components When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This
of blood that help in blood clotting. prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while
BLOOD VESSELS the ventricle contracts.
The blood vessels are the vast networks of small tubes that As the ventricle contracts, oxygen-rich blood leaves the heart
carry blood throughout the body. The arteries are blood through the aortic valve, into the aorta to the arteries and
vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. eventually into the veins to complete the blood circulation in
Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart The the body.
capillaries are the smallest blood vessels which serve as a The circulatory system is a good example of how body
connection between arteries and veins. When blood passes systems interact with each other to keep the body alive. Each
through them, oxygen, food nutrients and wastes pass in and organ of the system works together to circulate blood
out through capillary walls. throughout the body.
BLOOD CIRCULATION What's More
The circulatory system has two types of circulation: the Activity 1
pulmonary circulation which is the movement of Directions: Complete the sequence below using the given
deoxygenated blood from the heart and into the lungs and words inside the box. Do it in your Science journal.
systemic circulation which is the movement of oxygenated The rest of the body, Left ventricle, Right ventricle
blood from the heart to the different parts of the body.
HEART
The heart is known as the pumping organ of the body. It
keeps the blood moving throughout the body and the
average heartbeat of human is 60 to 100 times per minute. It
has four chambers: the left and right atrium which are
responsible for receiving used blood coming from all parts of
the body and the left and right ventricles known as the
pumping chambers. When its contracts, oxygen-rich blood is
Activity 2
forced away from the heart for the distribution to the
Directions: Based on what you have learned, complete the
different parts of the body. Between atrium and ventricles
concept map below. Write the correct words in the box to
are valves, the overlapping tissue that allows blood to flow in
show how blood flows throughout the body.
one direction.
The picture below shows the different chambers of the heart
and the direction by which blood flows through circulatory
system.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks. Write your answer in your
Science journal.
Right side of the heart
I learned that... The circulatory system is composed
Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior
of ,_______and ________
and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from
The _____is the liquid part that is constantly flowing
the body into the right atrium of the heart.
throughout the body.
As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium
The heart is known as the _-___The organ of the body.
into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.
The___are the vast networks of small tubes that carry blood
When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This
throughout the body.
prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while
What I Can Do
the ventricle contracts.
Directions: Read, understand and answer the following
As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the
questions. Write your answer in your Science journal.
pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs
1. Your heart is very important organ of the circulatory
where it is oxygenated. Note that oxygen-poor or CO2
system. Enumerate 3 ways on how to take care of your heart
containing blood goes through the pulmonary artery to the
so that it can stay healthy.
lungs where CO2 is exchanged for 02.
2. Why do people die if they lose too much blood?
3. Why is the circulatory system important?

Additional Activities
Make a list of 5 different activities you can do to make your
circulatory system healthy. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

Lesson 3The Human Body System: The Nervous System: Do

you ever wonder how you could walk on a beam without
losing your balance? Why is it that when you touch
something hot, you pull your hand away even before you
think about it? You will find the answers to these questions Figure 4: Parts of the Brain
as you read this lesson. 1. Cerebrum (forebrain) the largest part of the brain. This
What's In part receives sensory messages. It acts as the center of
Directions: Read the following sentences. Write TRUE if the emotions, consciousness, learning and voluntary movement.
statement is correct and FALSE if it is Not. Write your answer 2. Cerebellum - located beneath the cerebrum. It is smaller
in your Science journal. than the cerebrum. It coordinates involuntary and muscle
1. The brain of people is smarter than a computer. action. It is responsible for man's ability to learn habits and
2. The nervous system is the body's internal data processor. develop skills. It also helps maintain aperson's sense of
3. The spinal cord is the link between the brain and the nerve balance.
cell. 2. Brain stem - the elongated area at the base of the brain. It
4. The brain is the basic unit of the nervous system. contains vital centers for autonomic functions.
5. The nerve cells transmit messages from the brain to the The Spinal Cord
different muscles to make them move. It is a cordlike material in the backbone. It extends downward
What's New from the medulla oblongata through four-fifth of the spinal
The brain is the primary organ of the central nervous system column.
contained within the skull. Identify the different parts of the The Peripheral Nervous System collects information from
brain using the choices inside the box. Write your answer in the sense organ such as the eyes and the nose. This
your Science journal. information is transmitted to the organs of the central
nervous system which deliver decisions to the body parts that
will act on the message. It is made up of nerves that branch
off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.
The neuron or nerve cell is the functional unit of the nervous
system. The neuron has three parts.

What Is It
The body system that controls other parts of the body is the
Nervous System. The nervous system receives signals from
stimuli inside and outside of the body. The main function of
the nervous system is to integrate and coordinate bodily Figure 5: Neuron
activities. All information outside and inside the body are the The dendrites are the short fibers around the cell body. They
body are processed and interpreted by the nervous system. carry messages into the nerve cell.
The nervous system has two main parts: The central nervous The cell body is the main component of neuron. It maintains
system and the peripheral nervous system. the health of the neuron.
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and The axon is the long fiber of the neuron. There are three
spinal cord. types of neurons:sensoryneurons, interneurons, and motor
The Brain neurons.
The brain is the primary organ of the central nervous system A sensory neuron is typically having long dendrite and axons.
contained within the skull. It receives and interprets A sensory neuron carries messages from the receptor organs
countless signals. The brain makes us conscious, emotional (skins, eyes, nose, ears, and tongue) to the nerve center.
and smart. It is the control system for movement, sleep, A motor neuron has short dendrites and long axons. A motor
hunger, thirst and every other vital activity necessary for neuron receives information from the nerve centers and
survival. The brain controls all human emotions like love, transmits it to the effector organs (muscles or glands).
hate, fear, anger, elation, and sadness. Interneurons are found only in central nervous system (brain
or spinal cord). They connect sensory neurons to motor
neurons.
The Autonomic Nervous System controls or regulates body's
internal environment, including the body temperature, pulse
and respiration rate, and blood pressure. These are the vital
signs. Vital signs reflect the condition your internal organs are
in. The Autonomic Nervous System has two divisions: the a. though the nose
sympathetic and the parasympathetic nerves. b. though the throat
When a sympathetic nerve produces an effect, the c. though the mouth
parasympathetic nerve opposes it. For example, if the blood d. though the tiny capillaries
pressure is too high, a message to the brain stimulates the 3. What will happen to the cells of the body when there is
parasympathetic nerve to slow down the heart rate, thus absence of oxygen?
reducing blood pressure. Both systems are directly involved a. The cells will continue to grow and multiply.
in maintaining normal functions of cells. b. The cells will be inactive.
What's More c. The cells will survive.
Activity 1: Directions: Match the descriptions in Column A d. The cells will die.
with the parts of the nervous system in Column B. Write only 4. How can you keep your heart strong?
the letter of the correct answer in your Science journal. a. eating heart-shaped candy
A b. doing activities like playing outside, riding your bike, and
1. It serves as the functional unit of the nervous system. swimming
2. It collects information from the sense organ such as the c. smoking
eyes and the nose. d. sleeping 18 hours a day
3. It serves as the primary organ of the central nervous 5. What are tubes that carry blood back to the heart?
system. a. Arteries
4. It controls or regulates body's internal brain environment, b. veins
including the body temperature, pulse and respiration rate, c. pipes
and bood pressure. d. tubes
5. It is one of the systems that is directly involved in 6. Which of the following describes the correct passage of
maintaining normal functions of cells. blood originating from the left leg?
B a. Vena cava left atrium right atrium - lungs left ventricle right
a. sympathetic nerve b. neurons c. peripheral nervous system ventricle aorta
d. nervous system e, automatic nervous system f. spinal cord b. Vena cava right atrium → left atrium lungs right ventricle
→left ventricle aorta
Activity 2: Directions: Identify what major organs of the brain c. Vena cava + left atrium left ventricle lungs right atrium
are responsible in controlling the following activities. Write þright ventricle → aorta
your answer in your Science journal d. Vena cava → . right atrium → right ventricle lungs left
1. breathing atrium eft ventricle - aorta
2. taking a test 7. What is the functional unit of the nervous system?
3. playing basketball a. brain b. neurons c. muscles d. bones
4. smelling the aroma of a perfume 8. What controls and coordinates the activities of the whole
5. digestion of food nervous system?
What I Have Learned a, central nervous system
Directions: Complete the paragraph by supplying the missing b. sympathetic nervous system
words. Write your answer in your Science journal. c. nervous system
I learned that... d. brain
The______is the coordinating system of The the body. It 9. Which of these is not a function of the peripheral nervous
consists of the __________,_______and the nerves. system?
The two divisions of nervous system are central nervous a. collects information from the sense organ
system and________ b. transmits information to the central nervous system
The ____________system takes in information through the c. delivers decisions to the body part which will perform the
senses. For example, if you touch a hot stove, the sense of action
the skin brings the message of pain to your brain. The brain d. delivers oxygen to the different parts of the body
then sends a message back telling the muscles in your hand 10 How do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves work?
to pull away. a. When the sympathetic nerve produces an effect, the
What I Can Do Write Directions: Read the situation below parasympathetic nerve produces the same effect.
and answer the question that follows. your answer in your b. When the sympathetic nerve produces an effect, the
Science journal. parasympathetic nerve produces an opposite action.
After a severe accident, a person can write and talk but has c. They work separately
to learn to walk again. What part of the nervous system was d. They allow messages to pass through them freely.
probably affected? Explain why ? Additional Activities Directions: Identify what organ systems
Assessment are involved in the following activities. Write your answer in
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your your Science Journal. 1. swimming 2. drawing 3. computing
answer on a separate sheet. math problems 4. singing 5. reciting a poem
1. Why is respiratory system very important to the body?
a. It enables carbon dioxide to get into the body.
b. It consists of body parts that help the body receive oxygen.
c. It helps distribute carbon dioxide to the blood.
c. It enables the blood to circulate in your body.
2. How does oxygen in the air get into the blood?