PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi

Course Title & Code:

Quran-102 (Assignment# 2)

Student Name, Arid no. & Class:

Bisma Aslam
20-ARID-3222
DVM (A) 2nd Semester
Submitted To:
Prof. Ghulfam Babar

Submission Date:
05-06-2021

For Official Use:

Total Marks: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Obtained Marks: -------------------------------------------------------------------------

 “Life of Prophet Muhammad PBUH during the preaching of Islam”

Muhammad Starts Preaching

During the first three years of his ministry, Muhammad preached Islam privately, mainly
among his near relatives and close acquaintances. According to Muslim tradition,
Muhammad’s wife Khadija was the first to believe he was a prophet. She was followed
by Muhammad’s ten-year-old cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib, close friend Abu Bakr, and
adopted son Zaid. According to Islamic belief, in the fourth year of Muhammad’s
prophethood, around 613, he was ordered by God to make his propagation of this
monotheistic faith public. Muhammad’s earliest teachings were marked by his insistence
on the oneness of God, the denunciation of polytheism, belief in the last judgment and its
recompense, and social and economic justice.

Most Meccans ignored and mocked him, though a few became his followers. There were
three main groups of early converts to Islam: younger brothers and sons of great
merchants; people who had fallen out of the first rank in their tribe or failed to attain it;
and the weak, mostly unprotected foreigners.

Opposition in Mecca

According to Ibn Sad, one of Muhammad’s companions, the opposition in Mecca started
when Muhammad delivered verses that condemned idol worship and polytheism.
However, the Quran maintains that it began when Muhammad started public preaching.
As Islam spread, Muhammad threatened the local tribes and Meccan rulers because their
wealth depended on the Kaaba. Muhammad’s preaching was particularly offensive to his
own Quraysh tribe because they guarded the Kaaba and drew their political and religious
power from its polytheistic shrines.

The ruling tribes of Mecca perceived Muhammad as a danger that might cause tensions
similar to the rivalry of Judaism and Bedouin Polytheism in Yathrib. The powerful
merchants in Mecca attempted to convince Muhammad to abandon his preaching by
offering him admission into the inner circle of merchants and an advantageous marriage.
However, Muhammad turned down both offers.

At first, the opposition was confined to ridicule and sarcasm, but later morphed into
active persecution that forced a section of new converts to migrate to neighboring
Abyssinia (present day Ethiopia). Upset by the rate at which Muhammad was gaining
new followers, the Quraysh proposed adopting a common form of worship, which was
denounced by the Quran.

Muhammad himself was protected from physical harm as long as he belonged to the
Banu Hashim clan, but his followers were not so lucky. Sumayyah bint Khabbab, a slave
of the prominent Meccan leader Abu Jahl, is famous as the first martyr of Islam; her
master killed her with a spear when she refused to give up her faith. Bilal, another
Muslim slave, was tortured by Umayyah ibn Khalaf, who placed more and more rocks on
his chest to force his conversion, until he died.
Muhammad in Medina

Among the first things Muhammad did to ease the longstanding grievances among the
tribes of Medina was draft a document known as the Constitution of Medina,
“establishing a kind of alliance or federation” among the eight Medinan tribes and
Muslim emigrants from Mecca. The document specified rights and duties of all citizens
and the relationship of the different communities in Medina (including between the
Muslim community and other communities, specifically the Jews and other “Peoples of
the Book”). The community defined in the Constitution of Medina, Ummah, had a
religious outlook, also shaped by practical considerations, and substantially preserved the
legal forms of the old Arab tribes.

The first group of pagan converts to Islam in Medina were the clans who had not
produced great leaders for themselves but had suffered from warlike leaders from other
clans. This was followed by the general acceptance of Islam by the pagan population of
Medina, with some exceptions.

Reconciliation and Consolidation of the Islamic State

Around 628 CE, the nascent Islamic state was somewhat consolidated when Muhammad
left Medina to perform pilgrimage at Mecca. The Quraysh intercepted him en route and
made a treaty with the Muslims. Though the terms of the Hudaybiyyah treaty may have
been unfavorable to the Muslims of Medina, the Quran declared it a clear victory.
Muslim historians suggest that the treaty mobilized the contact between the Meccan
pagans and the Muslims of Medina. The treaty demonstrated that the Quraysh recognized
Muhammad as their equal and Islam as a rising power.

Islam Ascendant

After eight years of warring with Mecca and finally conquering the city in 630 CE,
Muhammad united Arabia into a single Islamic state.

Problems faced during preaching of Islam

To understand hurdles and difficulties faced by Hazrat Muhammad PBUH during

preaching of Islam, it will be more appropriate to understand first, environment and
behavior of people of Makkah. Before Islam, people were used to worship idols of
Makkah. People had belief that their idols were their true God and rightful owner of their
soul, wealth and faith. In such circumstances, Hazrat Muhammad PBUH had to preach
Islam wisely. So Hazrat Muhammad PBUH started to preach Islam reticently in first
three years of preaching Islam. During these years Hazrat Muhammad PBUH preached
Islam in closed circle i.e family, friends and people who were trust worthy. These people
also started to spread Islam in the same manner in these years. On the completion of
three years, Hazrat Muhammad PBUH successfully prepared a group of muslims who
were ready to help Hazrat Muhammad PBUH at any cost.

Meanwhile Allah Subhan watala instructed Hazrat Muhammad PBUH through divine
revelation to preach openly and clearly to all people. So Hazrat Muhammad PBUH
gathered 45 people of his tribe to preach them including Abu Lahab and Abdul
Mutlib(Uncles of Hazrat Muhammad PBUH). After listening Hazrat Muhammad’s
PBUH narrative, his uncle, Abu Talib supported him and asked him to continue his
preaching and assuring him that he will protect Hazrat Muhammad PBUH till his last
breath. While his other uncle, Abu Lahab clearly opposed Hazrat Muhammad’s PBUH in
this meeting.

After that meeting Hazrat Muhammad PBUH started preaching Islam openly. When
people of Quraish came to know that Hazrat Muhammad PBUH is preaching against
their idols they got angry and they decided to stop Hazrat Muhammad PBUH by
following acts:

 Sarcasm: They started behaving in derisive attitude. They tried to prevent other to

join Islam by sarcasm, mocking, threatening and abusing.

 Character Assassination: They started criticizing Hazrat Muhammad’s

personality. They said what kind of prophet he is, he looks like us, eats like us, his
life style is as simple as our’s. He must be a common man like us.

 One of them started distracting muslims by women. Whenever, someone listen to

Hazrat Muhammad PBUH and show some attraction towards Islam, a women
assigned by ansar try to distract him with her tricks.

 Bargain: They said to Holy Prophet PBUH to make an agreement with them.
According to this agreement they will follow Prophet’s PBUH religion if and only
if Hazrat Muhammad PBUH and his follower will also worship idols with them.
In this way Gods of both parties will get satisfy with them, they said. At that
moment Surat-al-Kafirun was revealed. “Say, O Disbelievers, I do not worship
what you worship, Nor are you worshipers of what I worship, Nor will i be a
worshiper of what you worship, Nor will you be worshipers of what I worship,
FOR YOU IS YOUR RELIGION, AND FOR ME IS MY RELIGION.

 They started to tease and hurt Hazrat Muhammad PBUH by throwing trash in
Prophet’s house, throwing prickles in prophet's path and putting offal on back of
Prophet during prayer. Once, son of Abu Lahab, Utaiba fought hand to hand with
Hazrat Muhammad PBUH.

 Planning to assassin Hazrat Muhammad PBUH: Abu Jahal tried to assassinate

Hazrat Muhammad PBUH twice but failed both times. Hazrat Muhammad PBUH
said to sahaba that he was coming towards me with intentions of hitting a heavy
stone on my had when I was offering prayer but Hazrat Jibraeel stopped him.
Once Uqba Bin Abi Mueet tried to assassinate Hazrat Muhammad PBUH.

 Apart form that, Abu Jahal and his companions were teasing and hurting other
muslims continuously. When they came to know that Hazrat Ammar’s parents;
Yasir and Sumayya has accepted Islam, they killed both of them. In ladies, Hazrat
Sumayya is first martyred of Islam. Many other muslims were facing the extreme
cruelty of people of tribe. In such circumstances their survival was not possible so
they migrated towards Habsha.
  Abu Talib (Uncle of Hazrat Muhammad PBUH) convinced two tribes; tribe

Hashim and tribe Mutlib to protect Hazrat Muhammad PBUH from Quraish. The
people of Quraish decided to boycott these tribes. They decided neither they will
trade with them nor they will give or receive marriage proposals from these tribes
until unless they give us Prophet Muhammad PBUH. Due to this boycott muslims
faced a lot of problems.

These were major hurdles, Hazrat Muhammad PBUH faced during initial years of
preaching Islam.

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