Friction Force
1. Purpose :
• To know is there any relationship between sin α and cos α.
• To know each object's surface friction force coefficient and
friction force.
2. Basic theory :
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces,
fluid layers, or material elements sliding against each other. It may
be thought of as the opposite of "slipperiness" or force that always
exists between any two surfaces in contact with each other.
There are two kinds of friction, based on how the two surfaces are
moving relative to each other:
• Static friction
The friction that exists between two surfaces that are not moving
relative to each other.
• Kinetic friction
The friction that exists between two surfaces that are moving
relative to each other.
Friction always acts in the direction opposite to the motion of the
object.
• Just look at the direction the object is traveling. The direction of
the force due to friction will be exactly 180° opposite.
• Friction is also proportional to the normal force, which is how
we'll be able to calculate it.
Ff α FN
The actual formula for friction is…
Ff = μ FN
Ff = force due to friction (Newtons)
FN = normal force (Newtons)
μ = Greek letter “mu”, coefficient of friction between two surfaces (no units)
μs is static, μk is kinetic
3. Tools and Materials :
• Incline made by wood
• Ruler
• Piece of wood with smooth surface
• Piece of wood with fairly rough surface
• Piece of wood with rough surface
• Degree ruler
• Incline brace
4. Procedure
h
α
• Set the
instruments as in the following figure.
• After
that, place the smooth surface wood in the incline.
• Search
the incline degree when the wood is moving and stop in the small
interval.
• Averag
e the result of move and stop wood incline degree.
• Calculat
e the height of system.
• Replay
the experiment with rough and fairly rough surface.
5. Data
Surface h (m) Sin Cos α Wsin Wcos μs fs
α α α α
Smooth 0,22 m 0,85 0,52 58, 2,176 1,331 0,85 2,176
5 N N N
Fairly 0,25 m 0,89 0,45 63, 1,371 0,693 0,89 1,371
Rough 5 N N N
Rough 0,285 0,93 0,36 68, 1,432 0,554 0,93 1,432
m 5 N N N
6. Data analysis
Height
The data of height we got from counting the height from top to the botttom
of incline :
- Smooth = 0,22 m
- Fairly rough = 0,25 m
- Rough = 0,285 m
Sin α
The data of sin α we got from sin multiply by incline degree :
- Smooth = sin 58,5 = 0,85
- Fairly rough = sin 63,5 = 0,89
- Rough = sin 68,5 = 0,93
α
This data we got from search the average degree of moving and stop.
- Smooth = 58⁰ + 59⁰ = 58,5⁰
- Fairly rough = 63⁰ + 64⁰ = 63,5⁰
- Rough = 68⁰ + 69⁰ = 68,5⁰
W sin α
The data we got from sin α multiply by mass and gravitation acceleration.
- Smooth = 0,256 . 10 . sin 58,5 = 2,176 N
- Fairly rough = 0,154 . 10 . sin 63,5 = 1,371 N
- Rough = 0,154 . 10 . sin 68,5 = 1,432 N
W cos α
The data we got from cos α multiply by mass and gravitation acceleration.
- Smooth = 0,256 . 10 . cos 58,5 = 1,331 N
- Fairly rough = 0,154 . 10 . cos 63,5 = 0,693 N
- Rough = 0,154 . 10 . cos 68,5 = 0,554 N
Fs
We can obtain from equation fs = Wsin α.
- Smooth = fs = 2,176 N
- Fairly rough = fs = 1,371 N
- Rough = fs = 1,432 N
μs
We can got mu s from equation fs = μs x N
- Smooth = 2,176 N = μs x 2,56 kg
μs = 0,85
- Fairly rough = 1,371 N = μs x 1,54 kg
μs = 0,89
- Rough = 1,432 N = μs x 1,54 kg
μs = 0,93
7. Conclusion :
1. Yes, there is a relationship between them, we can find the friction
force coefficient and friction force.
2. The friction force coefficient each surfaces is :
Smooth = 0,85
Fairly rough = 0,89
Rough = 0,93
