This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that in appropriate for
standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions
for each type.
Part A : Short Conversations
DIRECTIONS
Questions 1 - 15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or
phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the
sentences. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have choosen. Fill in the space so that the letter
inside the oval cannot be seen.
Example:
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes______________ they both emit hot liquids from
below the Earth’s surface.
(A) Due to
(B) Because
(C) In spite of
(D) Regardless of
The sentences should read, “Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because they both
emit hot liquids from below the Earth’s surface.” Therefore, you should choose (B).
1. The Cubists were concerned with how _____________ a given subject from different
points of view simultaneously.
(A) Represented
(B) Do the represent
(C) To represent
(D) Representing
2. Sometimes _____________ to place physics and chemistry into separate categories.
(A) Difficult
(B) Is difficult
(C) It is difficult
(D) That it is difficult
3. Martha Graham, ____________ has run her own dance company for half a century.
(A) Is the great modern choreographer
(B) One of the great modern choreographers
(C) That the great modern choreographers
(D) The modern choreographers were great
4. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, ____________
communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
(A) However
(B) They
(C) Furthermore
(D) Who
5. The seating of musicians in an orchestra is arranged _____________ to produce the
desired blend of sounds from the various musical sections.
(A) The conductor of
(B) From the conductor
(C) The conductor and
(D) By the conductor
6. The worldwide race to develop an affordable synthetic fuel has so far consumed billions
of dollars and ______________ few results.
(A) Yielded
(B) Yielding
(C) Yield has
(D) Has a yield of
7. Experiments in the photography of moving objects _______________ in both the United
States and Europe well before 1900.
(A) Have been conducting
(B) Were conducting
(C) Had been conducted
(D) Being conducted
8. The University of Georgia, _____________ in 1785, was the first state supported
university in the United States.
(A) Chartered
(B) Was chartered
(C) It was chartered
(D) To be chartered
9. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once
____________ cacti and sagebrush could live.
(A) Nor
(B) Nor the
(C) None other
(D) Nothing but
10. _____________, in the late 1800’s, some libraries had to keep as many as twenty to thirty
copies of each of Mary Jane Holmes’s books on hand.
(A) Inventories showing
(B) That show inventories
(C) Inventories show that
(D) Showing the inventories
11. The scholarly interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources and
validity of what ______________.
(A) It is known as human knowledge
(B) Is known as human knowledge
(C) Known human knowledge
(D) Is human knowledge known
12. Because of the Aleuts’ constant exposure to cold weather, they have long recognized
______________.
(A) And body needs to be fat
(B) Body needs the fat
(C) How fat the body needs
(D) The body’s need for fat
13. Almost all economists agree _______________ by trading with one another.
(A) Nations that are gained
(B) Nations they gain
(C) Gaining nations
(D) That nations gain
14. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for ______________ with
which to regulate them.
(A) More accurate than sundials
(B) More accurate sundials
(C) Sundials more accurately
(D) More accurately than sundials
15. Anthropology is a science _______________ anthropologists use a rigorous set of
methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
(A) In that
(B) That in
(C) That
(D) In
Part A : Short Conversations
DIRECTIONS
In questions 16 – 40 each sentence has four underline words or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentences are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one
underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Example 1:
Guppies are sometimes [call] rainbow [fish] [because] of the males’ [bright] colors.
(A) Call
(B) Fish
(C) Because
(D) Bright
The sentence should read, “Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because of the
males’ bright colors.” Therefore, you should choose (A).
Example 2:
[Serving] several [term] in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an [important] United
States [politician].
(A) Serving
(B) Term
(C) Important
(D) Politician
The sentence should read, “Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became
an important United States politician. “Therefore, you should choose (B).
16. A liquid is [similar] to a gas because [has] molecules are not fixed to [each other] in any
specific [way].
(A) Similar
(B) Has
(C) Each other
(D) Way
17. The Conestoga wagon, used for [to carry] heavy loads [over] long distances, [originated]
around 1725 in a region of Pennsylvania [occupied] by the Conestoga Indians.
(A) To carry
(B) Over
(C) Originated
(D) Occupied
18. Providence, Rhode Island, is a [busy] manufacturing [city] and seaport, [as well the] state
[capital].
(A) Busy
(B) City
(C) As well the
(D) Capital
19. The young of most bird [species] are totally [dependence] on [parental] care after
[hatching].
(A) Species
(B) Dependence
(C) Parental
(D) Hatching
20. [During] most of this century, A. Philip Randolph struggled for Black [rights] in the
United States and [becomes] an important [figure] in the labor movement.
(A) During
(B) Rights
(C) Becomes
(D) Figure
21. It [has been] calculated that the Earth’s circumference [around] the equator is [over] forty
[longer miles] than the circumference around the two poles.
(A) Has been
(B) Around
(C) Over
(D) Longer miles
22. A fish must constantly [to gulp] water in order to keep a current [flowing] through [its]
[delicate] gills.
(A) To gulp
(B) Flowing
(C) Its
(D) Delicate
23. Maria Martinez, a Pueblo Indian, [rediscovered] the ancient art of Pueblo black pottery A
and, [by teaching] the [process] to family and friends, [develop] a lucrative business.
(A) Rediscovered
(B) By teaching
(C) Process
(D) Develop
24. Muscular [motion] is caused by the [stimulate] of [specific] nerve cells in the [brain] and
spinal cord.
(A) Motion
(B) Stimulate
(C) Specific
(D) Brain
25. The first [libraries] in the North American [colonies] was [established] in Massachusetts
in [the year] 1638.
(A) Libraries
(B) Colonies
(C) Established
(D)The year
26. When [does] a neutron [from one atom] collides with the nucleus of [another] atom, a
chain reaction [can occur].
(A) Does
(B) From one atom
(C) Another
(D) Can occur
27. [Alike] other [academic] [disciplines], sociology has several [major] sub-disciplines.
(A) Alike
(B) Academic
(C) Disciplines
(D) Major
28. An enormous [variety of] information may be [obtained from] a [largest] daily
[newspaper].
(A) Variety of
(B) Obtained from
(C) Largest
(D) Newspaper
29. [Before] the invention of the [clock], people had to [reliable] on the celestial bodies to
[tell time].
(A) Before
(B) Clock
(C) Reliable
(D) Tell time
30. How many people [remember] [listening] to Orson Welles’1938 radio [broadcast]. “The
War of the Worlds,” Which [convince] thousands that space aliens had invaded the
Earth?
(A) Remember
(B) Listening
(C) Broadcast
(D) Convince
31. Pewter, [a metal] with an [ancient heritage], is [still practical] medium for the
[nonprofessional] metalworker.
(A) A metal
(B) Ancient heritage
(C) Still practical
(D) Nonprofessional
32. [According to] cognitive theories of emotion, anger occurs when individuals believe that
they [have been] harmed and [that the harm] was [either] avoidable and undeserved.
(A) According to
(B) Have been
(C) That the harm
(D) Either
33. Jackie Mclean’s recordings have shown that he is one of the [few] jazz musicians [who]
style of [playing] has kept pace with the [evolution] of modern jazz.
(A) Few
(B) Who
(C) Playing
(D) Evolution
34. [How] Native Americans developed corn is a [puzzling], for no wild corn has [ever] been
discovered, and it grows only [where] people plant and tend it.
(A) How
(B) Puzzling
(C) Ever
(D) Where
35. A principle of [manager] is to ensure that every [action] or [decision] achieves a carefully
[planned] goal.
(A) Manager
(B) Action
(C) Decision
(D) Planned
36. A good exercise program [helps teach] people [to avoid] the habits that [might] shorten
[the] lives.
(A) Helps teach
(B) To avoid
(C) Might
(D) The
37. Classicism as a [doctrine] [seeks] what is universally [truth] [and] good.
(A) Doctrine
(B) Seeks
(C) Truth
(D) And
38. [Researchers] at the University of Colorado [are investigating] a series of indicators that
[could] [help themselves] to predict earthquakes.
(A) Researchers
(B) Are investigating
(C) Could
(D) Help themselves
39. Fungi [are] important in [the process of] decay, which returns ingredients to the soil,
[enhances] soil fertility, and [decompose] animal debris
(A) Are
(B) The process of
(C) Enhances
(D) Decompose
40. A [common] use [with] gold in the nineteenth century was as a [standard] for the [value]
of money.
(A) Common
(B) With
(C) Standard
(D) Value
