METRO MANILA COLLEGE
U-Site Brgy. Kaligayahan, Novaliches, Quezon City
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Senior High School (Grade 11)
2nd SEMESTER S.Y. 2019 – 2020
PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
MODULE 2
March 23-27, 2020
I. OBJECTIVES
CONTENT STANDARDS
The learner demonstrates understanding of:
qualitative research designs
the description of sample
data collection and analysis procedures such as survey, interview, and observation
observation and interview procedures and skills
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The learner is able to:
describe qualitative research designs, sample, and data collection and analysis procedures
gather relevant information with intellectual honesty
FORMATION STANDARDS
The learner shall:
take responsibility for own work and action (Integrity)
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
The learner:
chooses appropriate qualitative research design
describes sampling procedure and sample
plans data collection and analysis procedures
presents written research methodology
collects data through observation and interviews
II. DISCUSSION
Topic: Finding Answers Through Data Collection
What is an Observation?
An observation is the systematic acquisition of information or data through first-hand or primary
sources, commonly using the basic senses such as seeing, hearing, touching, smelling and
tasting. Some aids can also help attain systematic observation by interviewing, recording or
jotting.
What is an Interview?
An interview is a process of collecting data through a series of asking questions and soliciting for
answers. Interviews are the most common research tool in qualitative research methods and
techniques, specifically in data collection or data gathering procedures. The other useful tools are
surveys, mailed questionnaires, or self-administered questionnaires.
Interviews can be structured, semi-structured or unstructured.
Structured interviews use interview questionnaires, where the interviewer just ask the preset
questions and the interviewee answers the same.
Unstructured interviews use interview guides or probing questions at start-up questions for
probing and further exchange of ideas.
Semi-structured interviews combine structured and free-flowing probing interviews.
Further, interviews can be individual (one-to-one; key informant interviews) or group (more
than one; focused group discussion).
There are basic types of interviews: face-to-face (FtF) interviews, telephone interviews,
webcam interviews, online interviews (chats, messengers) and email interviews.
Steps in Conducting Interviews
The following important steps are fundamental to a successful conduct of interviews.
1. Come earlier than the appointed schedule. Make sure the respondent or interviewee
approves the time and place of the interview.
2. Prepare before the interview- paper, pen, interview guides, interview questions and
recording gadgets.
3. Prepare for clear and concise interview questions or probes. Generally, it is good to
ask categorical or open-ended questions. Categorical questions are answerable by yes or
no or any categorical answer. On the other hand, open-ended questions are answerable
by further explanation.
4. In preparing questions, avoid convoluted, obscure or loaded questions.
5. For first timers, it is good to practice asking the questions with friends to simulate
the outcome of the interviews. This will give idea to the researchers on possible
discussion threads or question probes to the interviewer.
6. During the interview, the interviewer needs to first introduce himself or herself
(name and school or organization, and other few important information). Do not
over-introduce. The interview is intended for the respondent, not the interviewer.
7. Always orient first the respondent on the nature and purpose of the interview. This
will affect the responses of the interviewee.
8. Before asking the first question, set the mood first. Make the respondent relaxed. It is
good to offer coffee or refreshment and have some chit chats before the actual interview.
9. Throw the first, simple and light question. Start with the simplest or most basic
question. Normally, the first round of the question revolves around the demographical
information of the respondent, such as age, school or organizational affiliation, religion,
nationality, sector and the like. These have to be prepared in advance. Succeedingly,
other questions can be asked.
10. Be sensitive to the tones, gestures, facial expressions or body movements of the
respondents; this can indicate changes in the mood of the respondent.
III. EXERCISES
A. Exercise #1 page 107
Choose one partner in your class. Conduct an interview about his/her reasons for studying
in your school. Take down notes of the responses of your partner. Be guided by the
following interview guide questions. (3 pts. each)
a. Why did you decide to study in this school?
b. How did you come to know about this school?
c. What do you like best about this school? Why?
d. What do you like least about this school? Why?
e. What can you recommend to improve the school?
B. Directions: In bullet form, write at least five important learnings you gained from this
module. (3 pts. each)
