Unit 6.

GLOBAL WARMING
Part I. PHONETICS
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. genius B. gorilla C. global D. gases
2. A. pollution B. poaching C. psychology D. pesticide
3. A. warming B. warn C. walk D. wasn't
4. A. increase B. release C. please D. course
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
5. A. campaign B. global C. balance D. carbon
6. A. natural B. endangered C. dangerous D. habitat
7. A. rainforest B. tropical C. discover D. animal
8. A. pollution B. continue C. enormous D. disappear
9. A. devastated B. environment C. diversity D. ecology
Part II. VOCABULARY
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
10. We need to cut down on the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. intake B. retake C. uptake D. discharge
11. Land erosion is mainly caused by widespread deforestation.
A. afforestation B. reforestation C. logging D. lawn mowing
12. In the past, a lot of countries denied having contributed to global warming.
A. agreed B. refuted C. approved D. avoided
13. Most people admit that they contribute to global warming.
A. be partly responsible for B. disapprove
C. neglect D. cause
14. We must admit that people are heavily polluting the environment.
A. decline B. rebut C. deny D. accept
15. Global warming has severe impact on water supplies.
A. very good B. very bad C. normal D. long-lasting
16. Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the heat from
the sun.
A. catch B. discharge C. dispose D. release
17. Such unhygienic conditions encourage the spread of diseases.
A. decline B. stability C. decrease D. increase
18. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ecological balance in the
world.
A. sureties B. certainties C. dangers D. safety
19. As fossil fuel resources are running out, it is important for the government to find some
types of alternative energy.
A. irreplaceable B. substitute C. impossible D. practical

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20. Because farmers had been informed about the bad effects of chemical fertilisers, they
started using them sparingly on their farms.
A. carelessly B. moderately C. recklessly D. irresponsibly
21. Global warming is one of the biggest issues facing humans nowadays.
A. causes B. factors C. concerns D. agreements
22. The biggest cause of global warming is carbon dioxide emissions from coal burning power
plants.
A. fauna B. flora C. trees D. factories
23. Global warming effects on people and nature are catastrophic.
A. destructive B. constructive C. evaluative D. creative
24. Coal burning releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. discourages B. reduces C. relaxes D. discharges
25. The demand for cars is increasing rapidly in the modern world.
A. need B. offer C . reply D. discovery
26. Forests absorb and capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
A. take up B. take in C. take over D. take to
27. Flood and drought are two major causes of famine.
A. family B. obesity C. hygiene D. hunger
28. Water shortages are likely to delay economic growth and damage ecosystems.
A. aid B. advance C. deter D. defer
29. It is important to maintain the biological diversity of the rainforests.
A. similarity B. identity C. variety D. compatibility
30. We may help if we cut down on energy use by using LED lightbulbs and unplug unused
electronic devices.
A. reuse B. reduce C. recycle D. reproduce
31. Reusing and recycling glass, plastic, paper and other products help to reduce waste and
pollution, and conserve natural resources.
A. preserve B. reserve C. converse D. reverse
32. The thick layer of global warming gases keeps more heat from the sun, which leads to the
increase in the earth temperature.
A. catches B. releases C. allows D. loses
33. Global warming results in climate change and extreme weather patterns.
A. results from B. causes C. originates D. is due to
34. Our city is going to ban supermarkets from using plastic bags.
A. reduce B. encourage C. prohibit D. allow
35. Many species are threatened with extinction due to deforestation and loss of habitat.
A. damaged B. spoilt C. treated D. endangered
36. It is important to raise money to help people who have to suffer consequences of global
warming.
A. collect B. donate C. sponsor D. contribute
37. Everyone should remember to switch off the lights before going out.
A. go off B. turn off C. take off D. log off

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38. We may help to control global warming by reducing carbon footprints in our homes.
A. putting up with B. getting down to C. cutting down on D. going back to
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
39. Cutting down on energy use is the best way to help reduce global warming.
A. Shrinking B. Declining C. Decreasing D. Increasing
40. We should grow more trees so that they can absorb more carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere.
A. emit B. take in C. consume D . cut off
41. The factory owner denied having said that he should take responsibility for the damage that
his factory caused to the surrounding environment.
A. refuted B. rejected C. opposed D. accepted
42. They were criticised for having acted irresponsibly towards the environment.
A. blamed B. commended C. condemned D. denounced
43. The factory was fined for having dumped a huge amount of rubbish into the river.
A. penalised B. levied C. compensated D. punished
Part III. GRAMMAR
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
44. With clear evidence (A), his company couldn't deny having (B) dump (C) a large quantity
of toxins into the sea (D).
45. Humans now have to (A) suffer the effects of global warming (B) due to (C) having treat
the environment (D) irresponsibly.
46. Having denied (A) the responsibility for (B) the environmental (C) it caused, the factory
was forced to (D) close down.
47. Having been warn (A) about the relationship between climate change (B) and the spread of
infectious diseases (C), everyone should get vaccinated (D).
48. These companies (A) were accused on (B) having released (C) a large amount of carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere (D).
49. Having deciding (A) on the topic of the presentation (B), he started (C) finding relevant
information for it (D).
50. Having spent (A) all their saving money (B) , they started do (C) some odd jobs to make
ends meet (D).
51. Having cutting (A) down many trees in the area (B), now the people here have to (C) suffer
really hot (D) summers.
52. Having decided (A) to use public transport instead (B) private transport, we were
determined (C) to reduce carbon footprints (D).
53. Having cycled (A) to work every day (B), I become more responsibly (C) for the
environmental issues (D).
54. Having change (A) our attitude to nature (B), we started changing (C) our behaviours (D)
as well.

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Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
55. The president of the company officially apologised to the local residents ____ having
dumped a large amount of raw sewage in the area.
A. about B. with C. at D. for
56. The factory was accused ____ having caused higher level of pollution to the environment.
A. about B. on C. of D. for
57. We all admire him ____ having changed both his attitude and behaviours towards the
environmental issues.
A. about B. for C. with D. at
58. Human activities are also blamed ____ having contributed to global warming.
A. for B. on C. at D. with
59. We congratulated him ____ having invented an energy-saving device.
A. for B. at C. about D. on
60. He was criticised ____ not having put the elephant poachers in jail.
A. at B. about C. for D. on
61. His company was punished ____ not having dumped the rubbish properly.
A. by B. for C. about D. because of
62. The city mayor praised all voluntary students ____ having cleaned the playgrounds for the
children.
A. for B. because of C. at D. due to
63. He thanked us ____ having contributed to cleaning the surrounding environment.
A. on B. to C. with D. for
64. He was suspected ____ having received presents from the local companies and ignored
their violations of the environmental law.
A. about B. on C. of D. for
65. Even when arrested, he denied ____ cut down that tree.
A. has B. having C. have D. have had
66. He forgot ____ promised to cut down on the carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.
A. to promise B. have C. having D. had
67. I remembered having ____ off the lights before leaving home.
A. switched B. switch C. switching D. switches
68. He regretted not ____ registered for military service last spring.
A. have B. having C. having had D. having done
69. The local residents suspected the authorities ____ having kept the pollution level secret
from the local people.
A. about B. on C. of D. for
70. He denied having polluted the environment, ____ no one believed him.
A. however B. despite C. but D. in spite of
71. Thank you for having ____ the information about global warming.
A. shared B. sharing C. share D. shares
72. He regretted ____ killed and eaten several rare species.
A. to have B. having C. have D. has
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73. His company was fined ____ dumped tons of toxic waste near the residential area.
A. to have B. because of having C. for having D. of having
74. These students were rewarded ____ actively taken part in voluntary activities.
A. with B. before C. on having D. for having
75. She was praised ____ donated a lot of money to the wildlife protection organisation.
A. for having B. to have C. because of having D. due to having
76. I remember ____ advised you to stop hunting endangered animals.
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
Part IV. SPEAKING
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the
following exchanges. Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of global
warming.
77. Nam: What are the main threats to the environment today? Lan: ____
A. Threats are possible dangers to the environment.
B. Probably deforestation and global warming.
C. Environmental pollution is a big issue for our planet
D. We need a clean environment to live in.
78. Lan: How can ordinary people help protect the environment? Nam: ____
A. What can ordinary people do to help the environment?
B. Environment really needs our help.
C. We may use environmentally-friendly products.
D. Both governments and individuals are to blame on.
79. Nam: Do you do anything to protect the environment? Lan: ____
A. I refuse to use plastic bags and try to recycle as much as possible.
B. I use a lot of plastic bags and containers to save the environment.
C. I'm not interested in the subject of environment.
D. I don't want to change my lifestyle.
80. Nam: What is the biggest environmental problem facing our country? Lan: ____
A. Too much toxic sewage is dumped at sea.
B. All countries face environmental problems.
C. No one can help protect the environment.
D. Our country is facing the biggest environmental problem.
81. Nam: What causes global warming? Lan: ____
A. Changes in weather patterns resulting from global warming.
B. Too much carbon dioxide being trapped in the atmosphere.
C. Catastrophic consequences of global warming.
D. Common global warming consequences.
82. Nam: What are the consequences of global warming?
Lan: ____
A. Global warming causes many consequences.
B. Consequences of global warming is catastrophic.
C. Icebergs melt and low-lying areas are flooded.
D. More trees are being cut down.
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83. Nam: Why is global warming a problem? Lan: ____
A. People find it difficult to adapt to the changes in the weather patterns.
B. Global warming can benefit people in certain areas.
C. There's no need to worry about global warming.
D. Global warming is a very interesting topic for presentation.
84. Nam: What are global warming gases? Lan: ____
A. Global warming gases are mainly man-made.
B. Global warming gases are everywhere.
C. The amount of carbon dioxide is increasing.
D. Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane.
85. Lan: What can government do to punish factories that violate environmental law?
Nam: ____
A. So many of them are polluting the environment.
B. Yes, I think a big fine would be relevant.
C. They may force those factories to close down.
D. There are no factories in this region.
86. Lan : Who has to suffer global warming effects the most? Nam: ____
A. What are global warming effects?
B. Maybe poor people in low-lying areas.
C. All people suffer from global warming.
D. Only few people benefit from global warming.
87. Lan: How can we help to fight deforestation? Nam: ____
A. We may recycle paper and buy recycled paper products.
B. We may cut down trees at an alarming rate.
C. We should only cut branches of big trees.
D. We should set up animal ranches near forests.
88. Lan: What do you do to help the environment? Nam: ____
A. It is the responsibility of the government.
B. I try to recycle more and reduce carbon footprint.
C. Everyone can protect the environment.
D. Environment helps people live comfortably.
Part V. READING
Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME
We are probably all guilty at some point in our lives of not caring for the environment as much
as we should. Perhaps we drop litter without thinking, or cause (89) ____ by using our cars
when it's not necessary. However, the real environmental criminals are those big businesses
which ignore the law. For many years now, (90) ____ have attempted to protect the
environment by making businesses responsible for making sure that the chemical they use
don't add to the (91) ____ of the environment. The problem for businesses is that the (92) ____
of the environment costs money, and businesses will always try to (93) ____ their costs if they
can. Some of them do this by simply putting chemical into rivers when they have finished with
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them, leading to the creation of major problems. Although government inspectors may try to
catch them doing it, it can be very difficult to get proof that a particular business is responsible
for an environmental problem. It really depends (94) ____ not only the government but also
businesses and individuals as well. All people need to contribute to (95) ____
the environment.
89. A. damage B. pollution C. accidents D. trouble
90. A. politicians B. politics C. parties D. residents
91. A. induction B. construction C. instruction D. destruction
92. A. production B. protection C. destruction D. deforestation
93. A. stabilise B. raise C. lower D. save
94. A. over B. at C. on D. in
95. A. protecting B. protect C. protected D. protection
Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
The costs and benefits of global warming will vary greatly from area to area. For moderate
climate change, the balance can be difficult to assess. But the larger the change in climate, the
more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will probably make life harder,
not easier, for most people This is mainly because we have already built enormous
infrastructure based on the climate we now have.
People in some temperate zones may benefit from milder winters, more abundant rainfall,
and expanding crop production zones. But people in other areas will suffer from increased heat
waves, coastal erosion, rising sea le more erratic rainfall, and droughts.
The crops, natural vegetation, and domesticated and wild animals (including seafood) that
sustain people in a given area may be unable to adapt to local or regional changes in climate.
The ranges of diseases and insect pests that are limited by temperature may expand, if other
environmental conditions are also favourable.
In its summary report on the impacts of climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change stated, "Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the
net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.”
96. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Environment pollution is real. B. Reasons why low-lying areas are flooded.
C. Solutions to global warming. D. Reasons why global warming is a problem.
97. Which of the following is TRUE as the result of global warming?
A. All people suffer from global warming.
B. All people benefit from global warming.
C. Life is more difficult for the majority of people.
D. Life is easier for most people.
98. In paragraph 1, the word “this” refers to ____.
A. harder life as a result of global warming
B. easier life as a result of global warming
C. climate change on global scale D. flood in low-lying areas
99. In paragraph 2, the word “erratic” is closest in meaning to ____.
A. predictable B. unpredictable C. changeable D. unchangeable
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100. According to the passage, all of the following are the results of global warming EXCEPT
____.
A. higher temperature B. coastal erosion
C. increasing sea level D. stable rainfall
101. What may happen to diseases and insect pests as a result of global warming?
A. They will become extinct. B. They will increase in number.
C. They will not harm our planet. D. They will be under good control.
Part VI. WRITING
Exercise 10. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning
to each of the following questions.
102. Having seen people suffer global warming consequences, we decided to reduce carbon
footprints.
A. We decided to reduce carbon footprints before seeing people suffer global warming
consequences.
B. We saw people suffer global warming consequences after we decided to reduce carbon
footprints.
C. We decided to cut down on carbon footprints after we saw people suffer global warming
consequences.
D. We decided to cut down on carbon footprints before we saw people suffer global
warming consequences.
103. Climate change leads to numerous catastrophic consequences.
A. Numerous catastrophic consequences result in climate change.
B. Numerous catastrophic consequences result from climate change.
C. Climate change results from numerous catastrophic consequences.
D. Numerous catastrophic consequences cause climate change.
104. The increase in earth's temperature can cause heat-related illnesses.
A. Heat-related illnesses result from the increase in earth's temperature.
B. Heat-related illnesses result in the increase in earth's temperature.
C. Heat-related illnesses lead to the increase in earth's temperature.
D. Heat-related illnesses trigger the increase in earth's temperature.
105. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary greenhouse gases that cause global warming.
A. Carbon dioxide is the only greenhouse gas that causes global warming.
B. Global warming results in greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
C. One of the main greenhouse gases that lead to global warming is carbon dioxide.
D. Global warming causes greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
106. Planting trees can contribute to reducing global warming.
A. Global warming can't be controlled by planting trees.
B. Planting trees is the only way to control global warming.
C. Planting trees can accelerate global warming.
D. Planting trees can help reduce global warming.

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Exercise 11. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each
pair of sentences in the following questions.
107. He said that he would take responsibility for his company's damage to the area. But then
he denied that.
A. Having denied his company's damage, he took responsibility for it.
B. He denied having damaged to his company's area.
C. He denied having taken responsibility for the damage to his company's area.
D. He denied having said that he would take responsibility for his company's damage to the
area.
108. He donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns. He was admired for
that.
A. Unless he donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he was
admired.
B. He was admired for having donated a lot of money to environmental protection
campaigns.
C. If he had donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he would have
been admired.
D. If he donates a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he will be admired.
109. They decided to cut down their carbon footprints. They were praised for that.
A. They were praised for having decided to decrease their carbon footprints.
B. They were not punished for having decided to decrease their carbon footprints.
C. Unless they decided to cut down their carbon footprints, they were praised for that.
D. If they decided to cut down their carbon footprints, they would be praised for that.
110. We have advised you on how to cut down your energy use. We remember that.
A. We can no longer remember having advised you on how to decrease your energy use.
B. We remember having advised you on how to maintain your energy use.
C. We remember having advised you on how to decrease your energy use.
D. We remember to have advised you on how to decrease your energy use.
111. Some scientists have distorted the effects of climate change. They were accused of that.
A. Some scientists were accused of having falsify the effects of climate change.
B. Some scientists were accused of having been honest about the effects of climate change.
C. Although some scientists have distorted the effects of climate change, they were not
accused.
D. Some scientists were accused of having falsified the effects of climate change.
falsify.