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498 Chapter 11 AC Power Analysis

11.64 Determine Is in the circuit of Fig. 11.83, if the 11.68 Compute the complex power supplied by the current
voltage source supplies 2.5 kW and 0.4 kVAR source in the series RLC circuit in Fig. 11.87.
(leading).
R L

8Ω
Io cos !t C
Is + 120 0° V
−
j12 Ω Figure 11.87
For Prob. 11.68.

Figure 11.83
For Prob. 11.64. Section 11.8 Power Factor Correction

11.65 In the op amp circuit of Fig. 11.84, vs " 4 cos 104t V. 11.69 Refer to the circuit shown in Fig. 11.88.
Find the average power delivered to the 50-k! (a) What is the power factor?
resistor.
(b) What is the average power dissipated?
100 kΩ (c) What is the value of the capacitance that will give
+
− a unity power factor when connected to the load?

vs +
− 1 nF 50 kΩ
120 V rms +
− C Z = 1 0 + j12 Ω
60 Hz

Figure 11.84
For Prob. 11.65. Figure 11.88
For Prob. 11.69.
11.66 Obtain the average power absorbed by the 6-k!
resistor in the op amp circuit in Fig. 11.85.
11.70 Design a problem to help other students better
2 kΩ j4 kΩ
understand power factor correction.

4 kΩ j3 kΩ 11.71 Three loads are connected in parallel to a

− 120l0# V rms source. Load 1 absorbs 60 kVAR
+ at pf " 0.85 lagging, load 2 absorbs 90 kW and
2 45° V + 6 kΩ 50 kVAR leading, and load 3 absorbs 100 kW at
−
pf " 1. (a) Find the equivalent impedance.
− j2 kΩ
(b) Calculate the power factor of the parallel
Figure 11.85 combination. (c) Determine the current supplied
For Prob. 11.66. by the source.
11.72 Two loads connected in parallel draw a total of
11.67 For the op amp circuit in Fig. 11.86, calculate: 2.4 kW at 0.8 pf lagging from a 120-V rms, 60-Hz
(a) the complex power delivered by the voltage source line. One load absorbs 1.5 kW at a 0.707 pf lagging.
(b) the average power dissipated in the 12-! resistor Determine: (a) the pf of the second load, (b) the
parallel element required to correct the pf to
10 Ω 0.9 lagging for the two loads.

0.1 F 11.73 A 240-V rms 60-Hz supply serves a load that is

10 kW (resistive), 15 kVAR (capacitive), and 22 kVAR
4Ω 1.5 H (inductive). Find:
−
+
(a) the apparent power
0.6 sin(2t + 20°) V + (b) the current drawn from the supply
− 12 Ω
(c) the kVAR rating and capacitance required to
improve the power factor to 0.96 lagging
Figure 11.86 (d) the current drawn from the supply under the new
For Prob. 11.67. power-factor conditions
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Problems 499

11.74 A 120-V rms 60-Hz source supplies two loads 11.77 What is the reading of the wattmeter in the network
connected in parallel, as shown in Fig. 11.89. of Fig. 11.92?
(a) Find the power factor of the parallel combination.
(b) Calculate the value of the capacitance connected 6Ω 4H ±
in parallel that will raise the power factor to unity.
±

120 cos 2t V +
− 15 Ω
0.1 F

Load 1 Load 2
24 kW 40 kW
Figure 11.92
pf = 0.8
For Prob. 11.77.
pf = 0.95
lagging lagging
11.78 Find the wattmeter reading of the circuit shown in
Figure 11.89 Fig. 11.93.
For Prob. 11.74.

10 Ω ± 5Ω 1H

±
11.75 Consider the power system shown in Fig. 11.90.
20 cos 4t V +
1
− 4Ω 12 F
Calculate:
(a) the total complex power
(b) the power factor Figure 11.93
For Prob. 11.78.

11.79 Determine the wattmeter reading of the circuit in

Fig. 11.94.
+
240 V rms, 50 Hz
−
20 Ω i"
80 − j50 Ω
40 Ω 10 mH
±
1 20 + j70 Ω ±
6 0 + j0 + 2 i" 500 #F
10 cos100t −
Figure 11.90
For Prob. 11.75.
Figure 11.94
For Prob. 11.79.

Section 11.9 Applications 11.80 The circuit of Fig. 11.95 portrays a wattmeter
11.76 Obtain the wattmeter reading of the circuit in connected into an ac network.
Fig. 11.91. (a) Find the load current.
(b) Calculate the wattmeter reading.

4 Ω −j3 Ω ± WM
±
+ Z L = 6.4 Ω
12 0° V +
− j2 Ω 8Ω 3 30° A 110 V − pf = 0.825

Figure 11.91 Figure 11.95

For Prob. 11.76. For Prob. 11.80.
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500 Chapter 11 AC Power Analysis

11.81 Design a problem to help other students better understand (b) Calculate the charge per kWh with a flat-rate
how to correct power factor to values other than unity. tariff if the revenue to the utility company is to
remain the same as for the two-part tariff.
11.82 A 240-V rms 60-Hz source supplies a parallel combi-
nation of a 5-kW heater and a 30-kVA induction 11.85 A regular household system of a single-phase three-
motor whose power factor is 0.82. Determine: wire circuit allows the operation of both 120-V and
240-V, 60-Hz appliances. The household circuit is
(a) the system apparent power
modeled as shown in Fig. 11.96. Calculate:
(b) the system reactive power
(a) the currents I1, I2, and In
(c) the kVA rating of a capacitor required to adjust
the system power factor to 0.9 lagging (b) the total complex power supplied
(d) the value of the capacitor required (c) the overall power factor of the circuit

11.83 Oscilloscope measurements indicate that the peak

voltage across a load and the peak current through I1
it are, respectively, 210l60# V and 8l25# A.
Determine:
+ 10 Ω
(a) the real power 120 0° V − Lamp
In
(b) the apparent power
30 Ω Kitchen ramp
(c) the reactive power
(d) the power factor 10 Ω Refrigerator
+
11.84 A consumer has an annual consumption of 1200 120 0° V −
MWh with a maximum demand of 2.4 MVA. The 15 mH
I2
maximum demand charge is $30 per kVA per annum,
and the energy charge per kWh is 4 cents.
Figure 11.96
(a) Determine the annual cost of energy. For Prob. 11.85.

Comprehensive Problems
11.86 A transmitter delivers maximum power to an antenna of capacitors is required to operate the turbine-
when the antenna is adjusted to represent a load of generator but keep it from being overloaded?
75-! resistance in series with an inductance of
11.91 The nameplate of an electric motor has the following
4 mH. If the transmitter operates at 4.12 MHz, find
information:
its internal impedance.
Line voltage: 220 V rms
11.87 In a TV transmitter, a series circuit has an impedance
Line current: 15 A rms
of 3 k! and a total current of 50 mA. If the voltage
across the resistor is 80 V, what is the power factor Line frequency: 60 Hz
of the circuit? Power: 2700 W
11.88 A certain electronic circuit is connected to a 110-V Determine the power factor (lagging) of the motor.
ac line. The root-mean-square value of the current Find the value of the capacitance C that must be
drawn is 2 A, with a phase angle of 55#. connected across the motor to raise the pf to unity.

(a) Find the true power drawn by the circuit. 11.92 As shown in Fig. 11.97, a 550-V feeder line supplies
an industrial plant consisting of a motor drawing
(b) Calculate the apparent power.
60 kW at 0.75 pf (inductive), a capacitor with a
11.89 An industrial heater has a nameplate that reads: rating of 20 kVAR, and lighting drawing 20 kW.
210 V 60 Hz 12 kVA 0.78 pf lagging
(a) Calculate the total reactive power and apparent
Determine:
power absorbed by the plant.
(a) the apparent and the complex power (b) Determine the overall pf.
(b) the impedance of the heater (c) Find the current in the feeder line.
*11.90 A 2000-kW turbine-generator of 0.85 power factor
operates at the rated load. An additional load of
300 kW at 0.8 power factor is added.What kVAR * An asterisk indicates a challenging problem.
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Comprehensive Problems 501

Amplifier
60 kW Coupling capacitor
550 V + 20 kVAR 20 kW
− pf = 0.75 Vin Speaker

Figure 11.97
For Prob. 11.92. (a)

10 Ω 40 nF

11.93 A factory has the following four major loads:

4Ω
• A motor rated at 5 hp, 0.8 pf lagging
vs
(1 hp " 0.7457 kW).
• A heater rated at 1.2 kW, 1.0 pf. 80 mH
• Ten 120-W lightbulbs.
• A synchronous motor rated at 1.6 kVAR, 0.6 pf
Amplifier Speaker
leading.
(b)
(a) Calculate the total real and reactive power.
Figure 11.98
(b) Find the overall power factor. For Prob. 11.95.

11.96 A power amplifier has an output impedance of

11.94 A 1-MVA substation operates at full load at 0.7 power 40 $ j8 !. It produces a no-load output voltage of
factor. It is desired to improve the power factor to 0.95 146 V at 300 Hz.
by installing capacitors. Assume that new substation (a) Determine the impedance of the load that
and distribution facilities cost $120 per kVA installed, achieves maximum power transfer.
and capacitors cost $30 per kVA installed.
(b) Calculate the load power under this matching
(a) Calculate the cost of capacitors needed. condition.
(b) Find the savings in substation capacity released. 11.97 A power transmission system is modeled as shown in
(c) Are capacitors economical for releasing the Fig. 11.99. If Vs " 240l0# rms, find the average
amount of substation capacity? power absorbed by the load.

0.1 Ω j1 Ω

11.95 A coupling capacitor is used to block dc current from

an amplifier as shown in Fig. 11.98(a). The amplifier 100 Ω
and the capacitor act as the source, while the speaker Vs +
−
when the circuit is the load as in Fig. 11.98(b). j20 Ω
is completely 0.1 Ω j1 Ω
(a) At what frequency is maximum power
resistive transferred to the speaker? Source Line Load
(b) If Vs " 4.6 V rms, how much power is delivered Figure 11.99
to the speaker at that frequency? For Prob. 11.97.
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c h a p t e r

Three-Phase Circuits
He who cannot forgive others breaks the bridge over which he must
12
pass himself.
—G. Herbert

Enhancing Your Skills and Your Career

ABET EC 2000 criteria (3.e), “an ability to identify, formulate,
and solve engineering problems.”
Developing and enhancing your “ability to identify, formulate, and
solve engineering problems” is a primary focus of textbook. Follow-
ing our six step problem-solving process is the best way to practice
this skill. Our recommendation is that you use this process whenever
possible. You may be pleased to learn that this process works well for
nonengineering courses.

ABET EC 2000 criteria (f), “an understanding of professional

and ethical responsibility.”
“An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility” is required
of every engineer. To some extent, this understanding is very personal
for each of us. Let us identify some pointers to help you develop this
understanding. One of my favorite examples is that an engineer has the
responsibility to answer what I call the “unasked question.” For
Photo by Charles Alexander
instance, assume that you own a car that has a problem with the trans-
mission. In the process of selling that car, the prospective buyer asks
you if there is a problem in the right-front wheel bearing. You answer
no. However, as an engineer, you are required to inform the buyer that
there is a problem with the transmission without being asked.
Your responsibility both professionally and ethically is to perform
in a manner that does not harm those around you and to whom you are
responsible. Clearly, developing this capability will take time and matu-
rity on your part. I recommend practicing this by looking for profes-
sional and ethical components in your day-to-day activities.

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