2.

3 Design procedure of slabs

2.3.1 Overview

no yes
(0.2  0.6)%
yes (0.8  1.5)%
(1  3)%
(1  2)%

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_20

 2.3 Design procedure of slabs
2.3.2 Review: design of flexural reinforcement

ULS combo
𝑀
1) Calculate: 𝒌 = 2 (for slab: b = 1000 mm)
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
fck  50 MPa  ku = 0.196
2) Check: 𝒌 ≤ 𝒌𝒖 (without moment redistribution)

3) Determine the level arm: 𝒛 = 0.5𝑑(1 + 1 − 3𝑘/𝜂)

𝑀
4) Calculate the required steel: 𝑨𝒔,𝒓𝒆𝒒 =
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑑
0.26𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞
⟸ 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ max
5) Check reinforcement ratio: 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝝆 = 𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘
0.0013

6) Check reasonable ratio for slab: 0,2% ≤ 𝝆 ≤ 0,6%

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_21

 2.3 Design procedure of slabs
2.3.3 Review: check shear capacity
Nu
1) Calculate shear strength of unreinforced
section (for slab: b = 1000 mm):
𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒄 = 0.12𝑘(100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )1/3 𝑏𝑑 As,prov
1/2
𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒄 ≥ 0.0035𝑘 3/2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑

where: 𝑘 = 1 + 200/𝑑 ≤ 2 VEd

𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 For slabs, usually used:
𝜌1 = ≤ 0.02
𝑏𝑑
ULS combo  1.35Gk + 1.5Qk
2) Check: 𝑽𝑬𝒅 ≤ 𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒄

2.3.4 Review: SLS control

For slabs, usually used:
1) Check deflection: dmax  L/250
SLS combo  Gk + y2Qk
2) Check cracking: wk  0,3mm

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_22

 2.3 Design procedure of slabs
2.3.5 Detailing of slab rebars (Clause 9.3 of EC2)

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_23

 2.4 Design of one-way slabs
2.4.1 Ultimate forces using tabulated method

➢ The area of each bay, i.e. the building width × column spacing, exceeds 30 m2
➢ The ratio of characteristic imposed load to characteristic dead load does not exceed
1.25, i.e. Qk /Gk  1.25
➢ The characteristic imposed load (Qk) does not exceed 5 kN/m2 excluding partitions.
➢ If the above conditions are not satisfied, the slab can be analyzed using elastic
analysis as performed for continuous beams.

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_24

 2.4 Design of one-way slabs
2.4.1 Moment diagram using tabulated method
F ▪ Effective length: Li (m)
M1 M2 M1 ▪ Dead load: Gk (kN/m2)
M0 M0
M ▪ Live load : Qk (kN/m2)
MI MII MII MI Design load on strip of 1m:
L1 L2 L3 L4
F = 1.35GkL + 1.5QkL

Design one-way slab:

like a rectangular beam
with b = 1m and h = hs

Check moment:
MEd  MRd

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_25

 2.4 Design of one-way slabs
2.4.2 Shear diagram using tabulated method

F ▪ Effective length: Li (m)

V0 V2 V2 V1 ▪ Dead load: Gk (kN/m2)
V ▪ Live load : Qk (kN/m2)
V1 V2 V2 V0 Design load on strip of 1m:
L1 L2 L3 L4
F = 1.35GkL + 1.5QkL

Design one-way slab:

like a rectangular beam
with b = 1m and h = hs

Check shear:
VEd  VRd,c

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_26

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.1 Two-way simply supported slab

➢ If the slab consist of one panel and end support are not restrained, (the slab
and beam are not connected monolithically) the slab are classify as two-way
simply supported slab.
➢ When simply-supported slabs do not have adequate provision to resist torsion
at the corners, and to prevent the corners from lifting, the maximum moments
per unit width are given by the following equations:
➢ Moments at short /long span: msx = asx .nd .lx2 msy = asy .nd .lx2
Where: msx , msy = moment coefficient

Where: αsx , αsy = moment coefficient

from Table 3.13 (BS8110:1:1997).
nd = 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk : design load (kN/m2 );
lx = short span (m) ; ly = long span (m) ;

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_27

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.1 Two-way simply supported slab

msx = asx .nd .lx2 msy = asy .nd .lx2

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_28

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.1 Two-way simply supported slab
➢ Example 2.4:
Give the simply supported slab with plan dimensions of 4x5 m,
thickness of hs = 100 mm, four sides supported by rectangular beams
with dimensions 250x500 mm. The slab carries the characteristic
imposed dead load of 1.5 kN/m2 (excluding self-weight) and the
characteristic live load of 2.5 kN/m2. The materials are: Grade C20/25
concrete and Grade CB240-T steel reinforcement.

1) Determine the moments and

shear forces
2) Design the reinforcement for
the slab

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_29

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.2 Two-way restrained slab (continuous slab)
ly
4 2 4 8
msx
msy (positive)
(negative) lx
msy
(positive) 3 1 3 6
msx (negative)
4 2 4 8
➢ Moment at short span; msx = bsx .nd .lx2
➢ Moment at long span; msy = bsy .nd .lx2 7 5 7 9
Where: bsx , bsy = moment coefficient
from Table 3.14 (BS8110:1:1997).
nd = design load (kN/m2): nd = 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk
lx = short span (m) ; ly = long span (m)

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_30

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.2 Two-way restrained slab (continuous slab)
ly
4 2 4 8
vsx
vsy vsy
lx 3 1 3 6
vsx
4 2 4 8
➢ Shear force at short span; vsx = bvx .nd .lx
➢ Shear force at long span; vsy = bvy .nd .lx 7 5 7 9
Where: bvx , bvy = shear coefficient
from Table 3.15 (BS8110:1:1997).
nd = design load (kN/m2): nd = 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk
lx = short span (m) ; ly = long span (m)

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_31

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.2 Two-way restrained slab (continuous slab)
bsx , bsy = moment coefficient
from Table 3.14 (BS8110:1:1997). 1 2 3
lx = short span (m) ; ly = long span (m)

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_32

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.2 Two-way restrained slab (continuous slab)
bsx , bsy = moment coefficient
from Table 3.14 (BS8110:1:1997). 4 5 6
lx = short span (m) ; ly = long span (m)

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_33

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.2 Two-way restrained slab (continuous slab)
bsx , bsy = moment coefficient
from Table 3.14 (BS8110:1:1997). 7 8 9
lx = short span (m) ; ly = long span (m)

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_34

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.2 Two-way restrained slab (continuous slab)
bvx , bvy = shear coefficient
from Table 3.15 (BS8110:1:1997). 1 2 3
lx = short span (m) ; ly = long span (m)

1
2

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_35

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.2 Two-way restrained slab (continuous slab)
bvx , bvy = shear coefficient
from Table 3.15 (BS8110:1:1997). 4 5 6
lx = short span (m) ; ly = long span (m)

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_36

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.2 Two-way restrained slab (continuous slab)
bvx , bvy = shear coefficient
from Table 3.15 (BS8110:1:1997). 7 8 9
lx = short span (m) ; ly = long span (m)

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_37

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.2 Two-way restrained slab (continuous slab)
➢ Example 2.5:
Give the simply supported slab with plan dimensions of 4x5 m,
thickness of hs = 100 mm, four sides supported by rectangular beams
with dimensions 250x500 mm. The slab carries the characteristic
imposed dead load of 1.5 kN/m2 (excluding self-weight) and the
characteristic live load of 2.5 kN/m2. The materials are: Grade C20/25
concrete and Grade CB240-T steel reinforcement.

1) Determine moments
and shear forces S1 S2

2) Design the flexural S1 S3 S4

reinforcement for slabs

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_38

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.3 Use design software to design slabs

➢ Example 2.6: use SAFE to

analyze and design floor slabs

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_39

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.3 Use design software to design slabs

➢ Example 2.6: use SAFE to

analyze and design floor slabs

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_40

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.3 Use design software to design slabs

➢ Example 2.6: use SAFE to

analyze and design floor slabs

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_41

 2.5 Design of two-way slabs
2.5.3 Use design software to design slabs

➢ Example 2.6: use SAFE to

analyze and design floor slabs

Chapter 2: Reinforced concrete slabs page II_42