Landforms :
Erosional &
Depositional
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Earth Movement
Endogenic Forces Exogenic Forces
Erosional and
Depositional
Sudden Forces Diastrophic Forces
River
Wind
Building
Earthquake Volcano Mountains
Sea-Waves
Glaciers
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Endogenic Forces
● Also called ‘Tectonic Forces’
○ Originating inside Earth
○ Driven by internal heat of the Earth
○ Generally categorised into-
■ Diastrophism
■ Sudden Forces
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Diastrophism
● Processes that move, elevate or build up portions of Earth’s crust
● Further Classified as
○ Epeirogenic Forces – Continent building forces,Correlate to the
vertical upliftment or subsidence of large mass of land.
○ Orogenic Forces – Mountain Forming forces can be classified into-
■ Folding
■ Faulting
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Exogenic Forces
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Weathering
● Action of climate and weather,animals and plants on the land surfaces to
break down biologically,chemically and physically.
● Types of weathering-
○ Physical weathering
○ Chemical weathering
○ Biological weathering
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Mass Wasting
● Movement of rock and soil down slope under the influence of gravity.
● Depends upon-
○ Volume of material
○ Water content
○ Slope steepness
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Landslides, Creep, Solifluction
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Gradation
Continuous levelling process which involves three simultaneous
activities-
■ Degradation (erosion)
■ Transportation
■ Aggradation (depositional)
Agents of Gradation-
○ Running water
○ Underground water
○ Glacier
○ Wind and sea waves
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Stages of River
Movement
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Landforms developed by Running water
Erosional Landforms Depositional Landforms
● Valleys ● Alluvial Fans
● Gorges ● Deltas
● Potholes ● Flood Plains
● Plunge pools ● Natural Levees
● Incised or Entrenched Meanders ● Meanders
● River Terraces ● Oxbow lakes
● Braided Channels
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
● Valleys
Erosional Landforms ● Gorges
● Potholes
● Plunge pools
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
● Incised or Entrenched ● River Terraces
Meanders
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
● Alluvial Fans
● Deltas
● Flood Plains
Depositional Landforms
● Natural Levees
● Meanders
● Oxbow lakes
● Braided Channels
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Alluvial Fans
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Meanders & Oxbow
Lakes
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Braided Channels
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Deltas
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Landforms developed by Underground Water
Erosional Landforms Depositional Landforms
● Sinkholes ● Stalactites
● caves ● stalagmites
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Source: NCERT
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Landforms developed by Glaciers
Erosional Landforms Depositional Landforms
● Cirque ● Moraines
● Horns ● Eskers
● Outwash plains
● Aretes
● Drumlins
● Glacial Valleys/ Troughs
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Cirques
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Aretes, Horns
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Drumlins
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Eskers
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Landforms developed by Wind
Erosional Landforms Depositional Landforms
● Deflation Hollows ● Sand dunes
● Mushroom Tables ● Barchans
● Yardangs ● Loess
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Yardangs
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Deflation Hollows
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Dunes
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Barchans
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Landforms developed by Waves
Erosional Landforms Depositional Landforms
● Cliffs ● Beaches
● Terraces ● Bars
● Caves ● Spits
● Stacks ● Lagoons
● Stumps
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Cliffs
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Spits and Tombolos
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Spits & Tombolos
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Landforms
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Q. Cirques, Aretes, Horns and Drumlins represent which type of
topography?
a) Riverine
b) Groundwater
c) Glacial
d) Coastal
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Q. Variations in the length of daytime and nighttime from season to
season are due to
a) The earth’s rotation on its axis
b) The earth’s revolution around the sun in an elliptical manner
c) Latitudinal position of the place
d) Revolution of the earth on a tilted axis
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Q. Which of the following phenomena might have influenced the
evolution of organisms?
1. Continental drift
2. Glacial cycles
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Q. What do you understand by the theory of continental drift? Discuss
the prominent evidence in its support.
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Q. Explain the formation of thousands of islands in Indonesian and
Philippines archipelagos.
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Q. Why are the world’s fold mountain systems located along the
margins of continents? Bring out the association between the global
distribution of Fold Mountains and the earthquakes and volcanoes.
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Q. Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics.
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Q. Discuss the geophysical characteristics of the Circum- Pacific Zone.
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
Thank you
Geography: Module V - (Landforms : Erosional & Depositional)
