Meteorology

SET–1
1. What is surface wind? Describe the factors that affect surface wind.
2. Explain why polar region is cooler than tropical region?
3. Describe Hydrological cycle with suitable sketch.

4. Give a brief account of the general wind and pressure distribution over the world.
Distinguish between the ideal condition and the actual situation.
5. Write short notes on:
Trough, Ridge, Cold Front, Warm Front

6. Explain Depression? What weather is associated with it? Distinguish between

7. What instruments are carried by a selected ship? Why should weather observations
be recorded at sea? Give as many reasons as you can think of.
8. What is Cloud? Explain its formation. List & describe in short the basic types of cloud.

9. Explain basic principle and function of mercury barometer. Why mercury is used in it?
Why correction is needed before entering into log book.

10. Course 320°, Speed 12 knots out in open sea. Wind Force 4 (16 Knots), estimated by
appearance of the sea surface. Smoke from the funnel was observed to be blowing to 030°.
What entry is to be made in the weather report regarding wind direction and speed?
(Subra, Page 62, Example 4)

SET–2
1. What is the error of barometer? How to correct the barometer reading? State the
location of Stevenson screen.
2. What is surface wind? Describe the factors that affect surface wind.
3. Describe the formation of hail storm.
4. What is TRS? Explain the ideal condition for the formation of TRS.

5. What is Advection fog? Name the areas where this fog is experienced. Explain how
this fog can be predicted by observation at sea.
6. State Buy’s Ballot law. State the limitations of this law.
7. Explain why polar region is cooler than tropical region?

8. At land, cloud formation take place at day and dissipate at night and at sea cloud
formation is opposite. Explain the reason.
9. What are the Log entry of a selected ship?
10. Math

SET–3
1. Describe atmospheric layer. Why cloudy nights are warmer than clear night?

2. State Buy’s Ballot law. Explain why wind does not blow straight from an area of high
pressure to an area of low pressure?

3. What is monsoon? What is the duration of monsoon in Bangladesh and how do they
affect the local weather?

4. ‘Fog is comparatively rare in tropical region’, give a reason explanation of the validity
of otherwise of this statement.

5. What is barometric tendency? ‘Bad weather can often be predicted by watching the
barometric pressure’. Discuss how this may be done.
6. Write short note on:
Absolute humidity, Absolute instability, Conditional stability.

7. Explain why the leeward side of a mountain range may be warmer and drier than the
windward side?

8. State the basic principle and function hygrometer. Explain the importance of reading
at sea.
9. Explain why polar region is cooler than tropical region?

10. Course 320°, Speed 12 knots out in open sea. Wind Force 4 (16 Knots), estimated by
appearance of the sea surface. Smoke from the funnel was observed to be blowing to 030°.
What entry is to be made in the weather report regarding wind direction and speed?
(Subra, Page 62, Example 4)

SET–4
1. Select an area in which sea smoke is a common occurrence and discuss fully why the
area you have selected is favorable to its formation.
2. What are the factors affecting sea appearance and disturbance of sea.
3. Explain the principle of the Mason’s hygrometer. Define Absolute humidity, Relative
humidity and dew point. How will a change in the air temperature affect each?

4. Compare the diurnal variation or temperature at sea with that on land and discuss
how this differences affect local weather conditions at a coastal station.
5. Define: Veering, Backing, Gust, Squall, Sea, Swell

6. Explain Depression? What weather is associated with it? Distinguish between

7. Give a brief account of the general wind and pressure distribution over the world.
Distinguish between the ideal condition and the actual situation.

8. Course 300°, Speed 15 knots out in open sea. Wind Force 4 (16 Knots), estimated by
appearance of the sea surface. Smoke from the funnel was observed to be blowing to 040°.
What entry is to be made in the weather report regarding wind direction and speed?
(Subra, Page 62, Same as Example 4)

9. If your captain wishes to become one of the Corps of Voluntary Marine Observers,
what action should he take? If as an observer in a ship of the V.O.F., you wish to obtain
more detailed instruction about what you should do in order to test your barometer, or
exchange it for another, in what publication would you look for the information?
10. What is Coriolis force? How it is affecting the world.

11. Explain with the aid of a sketch the causes of strong northerly winds which blow over
to Gulf of Mexico and West Crabbier areas. At what time of the year are these winds
prevails?

SET–5
1. ‘Fog is comparatively rare in tropical region’, give a reason explanation of the validity
of otherwise of this statement.

2. Explain the principle of the Mason’s hygrometer. Define Absolute humidity, Relative
humidity and dew point. How will a change in the air temperature affect each?

3. Compare the diurnal variation or temperature at sea with that on land and discuss
how this differences affect local weather conditions at a coastal station.

4. What is monsoon? What is the duration of monsoon in Bangladesh and how do they
affect the local weather?

5. What are the sources and means available for receiving weather bulletin onboard
ship? What information is available on these bulletins? What publications are available
onboard for obtaining times of transmission and types of messages?
6. What instruments are carried by a selected ship? Why should weather observations
be recorded at sea? Give as many reasons as you can think of.

7. Explain why the leeward side of a mountain range may be warmer and drier than the
windward side?

8. ‘Bad weather can often be predicted by watching the barometric pressure’. Discuss
how this may be done.
9. Write short notes on:
Elephantas, Nor’westers and Barometric Tendency.

10. Describe methods used for estimating true wind at sea in conditions of open sea and
in restricted waters.
A ship following a course of 045° (T) at 15 knots observes apparent wind 100° (T) at 20
knots. Find the direction and speed of true wind. (Subra, Page 58, Example 1)

SET–6
1. Explain foehn wind effect.
2. Give a full description of NE monsoon of Indian Ocean.
3. Give a full description of SW monsoon of Indian Ocean.

4. Consider you are 200 miles away from Madras. A pressure suddenly dropped by 6 stage in
Beaufort scale. Wind direction changes from NNE to NNW. What action will you take?

5. Compare the diurnal variation or temperature at sea with that on land and discuss
how this differences affect local weather conditions at a coastal station.
6. Write short notes on:
Pressure gradient, Coriolis force, Geostrophic wind scale.

7. At land, cloud formation take place at day and dissipate at night and at sea cloud
formation is opposite. Explain the reason.
8. What is DALR and SALR? Why both of them have different value?
9. State Buy’s Ballot law. State the limitations of this law.

10. Course 320°, Speed 12 knots out in open sea. Wind Force 4 (16 Knots), estimated by
appearance of the sea surface. Smoke from the funnel was observed to be blowing to
030°. What entry is to be made in the weather report regarding wind direction and
speed?
(Subra, Page 62, Example 4)
SET 07
1. State the principle function of hygrometer?Explain the importance of hygrometer
reading at sea.

2. Describe the process of mixing cooling and evaporation water vapour by while a
sample of air may be brought to saturation.
3. State the factors other than wind speed which affects the appearance of sea surface

4. Describe the condition leading to the formation of sea smoke and typical areas where
sea smoke may encountered.
5. Describe the characteristics and location of subtropical oceanic height.
6. Explain the formation of land and sea breezes
7. Describe the process leading to the occultion of a polar front depression
8. Describe hydrological cycle with suitable sketch

9. A small cloud sometimes seen over the summit of a mountain .Describe the
conditions leading to formation of this cloud

10. Give reasons why some areas have monsoon whereas other in similar latitude have
trade wind.

SET 08
1. State the principal function and use of android barometer.
2. Describe the composition of the earth’s atmosphere mentioning dry air and its
constituents water vapor and aerosols.
3. (i) state buys ballots law,
(ii) Explain why the wind directly don’t blow from a high pressure area to a low
pressure area.
4. Over land, clouds generally develop by day and dissipate at night whereas over
the sea, the opposite happens. Describe the statement.
5. Explain the formation of anabatic and katabatic winds. List the region of
occurrence of anabatic and katabatic winds.
6. Identifies a deppression on surface synoptic or prognostic charts. Describes the
stages in the life cycle of polar front depression.
7. Fog is comparatively rare in tropical region, give a reason explanation of the
validity of otherwise of the statements.
8. Describe the organization functions and object of WMO.
9. Explain the needs of meteorological codes
10 . Course 160 Speed 10 kts direction of wind was 270 wind speed by shipboard
anemometer was 17 kts. What direction and force of wind is to be entered into
the ship’s log book.
 SET 09
01. Mercury barometer principal functional corrections.
2. What is surface wind? Describe the factors affecting surface wind.
3. Why polar regions is colder than the equatorial regions.
4. Math.
5. Definitions- warm front, cold front, gust, veering, backing/
6. Explain hydrological cycle.
7. Chapter 10, page 76- wind distribution, Actual conditions, ideal condition, differences.
8. Entry into meteorological log books. True wind, apparent wind.
9. Describe depression, cyclone, severe cyclone.
10. Over land, clouds generally develop by day and dissipate at night whereas over the
sea, the opposite happens. Describe the statement.

SET 10
1. Describe what is meant by diurnal variation of air temperature. Why it is greater
over land than sea.
2. Describe hydrological cycle.
3. Describe the following clouds- a) cumulonimbus b) nimbostratus c) altostratus and
d) cirrostratus. How would you distinguish between a&b and c&d
4. Due point. Knowledge you get form due point for hold ventilation.
5. (i) state buys ballots law,
(ii) Explain why the wind directly don’t blow from a high pressure area to a low
pressure area.
6. What is meant by Visual storm signal? Who display numbers III,VII and IX , and
explain their meanings
7. What is weather reporting system. What informations contained in ships bulletin
and coast bulletin in Indian water?
8. Why cloudy night are hot than the clear sky night.
9. What is semi diurnal variation in atmospheric pressure? Is it same all places. Explain.
10. Math.

Set 11
1. State Buy's Ballot law. State the limitations of this law.
2. Write short note on: Absolute humidity, Absolute instability, Conditional stability.
3. Why can an aneroid barometer measure elevation as well as air pressure?
4. Explain why polar region is cooler than tropical region?
5. What are the factors affecting sea appearance and disturbance of sea.
6. Define: Veering, Backing, Gust, Squall, Sea, Swell
7. Explain fohn wind effect.
8. Give a full description of NE monsoon of Indian Ocean.
9. What is semi diurnal variation in atmospheric pressure? Is it same all places? Explain.
10.What is semi diurnal variation in atmospheric temperature? Is it same all places? Explain.