GRAPHICAL
PRESENTATION OF
DATA
Prepared by: Mary May Noynay, LPT
Objectives:
Identify methods in summarizing data;
Construct graphs out of raw data given ;
Introduction
Summarizing data plays an important role in
statistics.
One cannot interpret the data by merely using
the raw data ( or raw data may not be that
informative), but when data are presented in
summary form, it becomes more interesting and
meaningful to a researcher.
Thereare different methods in summarizing the
data, such as the graphical methods and the
tabular methods.
Graphical Presentation Of Data
Good graphs convey
information quickly and easily
to the user.
Graphs highlight the salient
features of the data.
Theycan show relationships
that are not obvious from
studying a list of numbers. Sales
They can also provide a
convenient way to compare
different sets of data.
Graphical presentation of data
Different situations call for different types of
graphs, and it helps to have a good knowledge
of what types are available.
The type of data often determines what graph is
appropriate to use.
Qualitative data, quantitative data, and paired
data each use different types of graphs.
Lists of commonly used graphs:
Pareto /Bar Graph
Pie Chart/ Circle Graph
Line Graphs
Steam And Leaf Plot
Dot Plot
Histogram
Scatter Plots
Time-Series Graphs
Pareto/ Bar Graph
Contains a bar for
each category of a
set of qualitative
data.
Viewers can develop
a clear mental
image of
comparisons among
data series by
distinguishing the
relative heights of the
bars.
Pie Chart / Circle Graph
Pie graphs emphasize
where your data fits in
relation to a larger whole.
Itworks best when the
data consists of several
large sets. Too many
variables divide the pie
into small segments that
are difficult to see. Use
colour or texture on
individual segments to
create visual contrast.
Line Graphs
Usefulin emphasizing the
movement or trend of the
numerical data over time,
since they allow a viewer
to trace the evolution of a
particular point by
working backwards or
interpolating.
Highand lows, rapid or
slow movement , or a
tendency towards stability
are all types of trends that
are well suited to a line
graph.
Stem And Leaf Plot
Breaks each value of a
quantitative data set
into two pieces, a
stem, typically for the
highest place value,
and a leaf for the
other place values.
Itprovides a way to list
all data values in a
compact form.
Dot Plot
A hybrid between a
histogram and a
stem and leaf plot.
Eachquantitative
data value becomes
a dot or point that is
placed above the
appropriate class
values.
Minutes to Eat Breakfast
Histogram
Another kind of
graph that uses bars
in its display. This type
of graph is used with
quantitative data.
Ranges of values,
called classes, are
listed at the bottom,
and the classes with
greater frequencies
have taller bars.
Scatter Plots
Displays data that
is paired by using a
horizontal axis (x
axis), and a
vertical axis (y
axis). The statistical
tools of correlation
and regression are
then used to show
trends on the
scatterplot.
Time-series Graphs
Displays data at different
points in time, so it is
another kind of graph to
be used for certain kinds
of paired data.
The horizontal axis shows
the time and the vertical
axis is for the data
values. These kinds of
graphs can be used to
show trends as time
progresses.
References:
Statistics
Book of Dr. Liza Lorena Jala
https://www.thoughtco.com/frequently-
used-statistics-graphs-4158380
Google images
