CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction/ Overview

This chapter presents a variety of ways of data collecting and analysis that are pertinent

to the study. The Quantitative Methodology was applied in this study. Types of Research,

Research Design, Population, Data Gathering Procedure, and Data Analysis Procedure will be

covered in the approach.

The correlational approach was used in this study to explore the relationship between

expenses and allowances among TAPS Achievers Private School, Inc. Senior High School

students (TAPS Alicia). There are also explanations of how instruments were validated and data

was collected and analyzed.

3.2 Research Type and Approach

This study utilizes the quantitative research method. A variety of techniques are included

in quantitative research, which is concerned with employing statistical or numerical data to

systematically examine social phenomena. As a result, quantitative research relies on

measurement and makes the assumption that the phenomena being studied can be quantified. It

aims to examine data for patterns and connections as well as to validate the measurements. Rigid

guidelines in the process of data gathering and analysis are crucial because quantitative

researchers perceive the world as an objective reality.

Additionally, quantitative research is described by Cohen (1980) as social research that

makes use of empirical techniques and claims. According to him, an empirical statement is one

that describes what is the situation in the actual world as opposed to what ought to be the

situation. In quantitative research, empirical evaluations are used as another factor. Typically,

empirical statements are stated in numerical terms. The phrase "empirical evaluation" refers to a

process used to assess how well or poorly a given program or policy actually adheres to a given

standard or norm. In this study, quantitative research was used to analyze and determine the

correlation of expenses and allowances of the senior high school students that will help them on

their daily necessities.

Our study is quantitative research. A correlation research design was selected in this

study, which aims to measure the relationship between expenses and allowances, whether grade

11 or 12 students, and how their parents support them in their daily academic needs. The design

was chosen as a means to determine if the allowance affects the spending behavior of certain

students and to consider how students manage expenses. According to Hassan (2010), there is a

strong and favorable correlation between spending habits and a way of life. They will decide to

purchase the product that both satisfies their needs and their budget

3.4 Population and Sample

According to Burns and Grove (1993:779), a population is defined as all elements

(individuals, objects and events) that meet the sample criteria for inclusion in a study. The study

population consisted of students’ correlation between allowance and expense of Senior High

School who study from TAPS Alicia, Isabela.

A convenient sample of 90 subjects was selected from the campus of TAPS Alicia,

Isabela. Mouton (1996:132) defines a sample as elements selected with the intention of finding

out something about the total population from which they are taken. A convenient sample

consists of subjects included in the study because they happen to be in the right place at the right

time (Polit & Hungler 1993:176). The sample included 45 Grade 11 students and 45 Grade 12

students. Available subjects were entered into the study until a sample size of 90 was reached

using the GAY’S formula. Subjects who met the sample criteria were identified by the

researcher.

The sample size of 45 Grade 11 students and 45 Grade 12 students were the totals of

subjects who were willing to participate in the research and who met the sampling criteria during

the period of data collection.

Sampling Criteria

Respondents who were included in the sample were selected for specific criteria. The

respondents had to meet the following criteria to be included in the sample.

They should:

❑ live anywhere in the Province of Isabela.

❑ Be a Senior High School students in TAPS, Alicia.

❑ Be of any race, nationality, gender, and sex.

3.5 Data Gathering Procedure

The study is now underway during the first semester of the school year 2022-2023. Data

for this correlational study will be acquired utilizing questionnaires devised by researchers to

learn about Taps Alicia SHS students' demographic profile, personal allowance and expenses,

allocation technique, and level of financial knowledge. The following rules will guide the

researchers as they conduct the survey:

Requesting Permission to Conduct Research 

Prospective respondents will receive a letter from the research adviser requesting

permission to perform the study.

Techniques for Surveying

The researcher will use a standardized questionnaire to gather the needed data. The

survey will be conducted in an appropriate setting, such as a classroom setting. The purpose of

the survey will be fully explained, and the respondents will be assured that their responses will

be kept confidential. Furthermore, its format, its nature, its purpose, its expectations, and its

timeframe will be explained.

Ninety (90) questionnaires will be distributed to the selected TAPS Alicia SHS student. It

will be successfully returned after the respondents have answered in order to establish the

validity and reliability of how data is gathered. As a result, in accordance with the respondents'

and researchers' agreement, their corresponding answer to the question is preserved. The

statistical treatment and formulas were used to organize and tabulate the data that will show

relationships and as well as differences among variables.

3.6 Data Analysis Procedure

After the data was gathered it was analyzed thoroughly by using text analysis, according

to (T. C. Mendenhall, 1887) Text analysis, also known in the industry as text mining, works by

taking large sets of textual data and arranging it in a way that makes it easier to manage. By

working through this cleansing process in stringent detail, you will be able to extract the data that

is truly relevant to your organization and use it to develop actionable insights that will propel you
forward. Text analysis was used to analyzed the whole data. For the open-ended question, the

given question was "What expenses do the students incur the most" and it was to identify what

types of variables they spend most.

Moreover, the researchers used survey questionnaires, which can be completed using

issuance and retrieval, and direct interview techniques, which can be accomplished via face to

face interview in order to gather the necessary data for the study. Using these techniques, the

researchers prepared a question, that are presented using English language.

In this study, SPSS is used to analyze the data acquired by the researcher. SPSS was used to

calculate the MEAN, Frequencies, and Standard Deviation of the study.

Furthermore, we will conduct the survey once approval of request letter will already be

available. The data collection processes will be documented, and the researchers adhered to

health protocols throughout the process in collecting the data needed