SCIENCE – QUARTER 2 (REVIEWER)
Electromagnetic Waves
- Waves that created because of vibration between an electric field and magnetic field
(EF&MF are perpendicular)
Crest – highest point of wave.
Trough – lowest point of wave.
Hans Christian Oersted
- Showed how current carrying wire behaves like magnet.
James Maxwell
- Contributed to developing equations that showed the relationship of electricity and
magnetism.
Andrei Marie Ampere
- Demonstrated the magnetic effect based on the direction of current.
Heinrich Hertz
- Showed experimental evidence of electro magnetic waves and their link to light.
Michael Faraday
- Formulated the principle behind electromagnetic induction.
Increasing Energy of EM Waves
(RMIVUXG)
Radio wave, Microwave, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma ray
Red – Longest Wavelength
Violet – Shortest Wavelength
APPLICATION OF EM WAVES
Radio Waves - Radio and television communication.
Microwaves - Satellite and television communication.
Infrared - Remote control, household electrical appliances
Visible Light - Artificial lighting, optical fibers in medical uses.
Ultraviolet - Sterilization, fluorescence
X-ray - Medical use, engineering application
Gamma Ray - Medical treatment
RADIO COMMUNICATION AND BROADCASTING
Microphone - Converts the sound waves to audio frequency signals.
Modulator - Transform AF signal and RF carrier wave to a modulated carrier wave.
Amplifier - Increases energy of modulated carrier wave.
Radio Frequency Oscillator - Produces radio frequency carrier wave.
Speaker - Converts AF signal to sound energy.
Demodulator - Extract AF signal from modulated carrier wave.
Antenna - Transmits and receives radio wave.
Tuner - Selects the frequency of a station desired.
Magnets
- Any materials whose atoms can be aligned.
- Opposite poles attract, Same poles repel.
Magnetic field - Region in which a magnetic force can be detected.
ELECTRIC MOTOR & GENERATOR
Electric Generator - Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Electric Motor - Converts electrical current to mechanical force.
Brushes - Connects the commutator to the current source or battery.
Commutator - Reverses the flow of current flowing on the armature.
Rotor - Provides the mechanical energy.
Power Source - Provides the current for the armature.
Magnet - Supplies the magnetic field for the arm.
RADIOACTIVITY
Gamma Decay is the most harmful type of nuclear emission because it has the most
penetrating power.
An alpha particle consists of 4 neutrons and 2 protons. It has POSITIVE charge.
A BETA PARTICLE given off when a NEUTRON breaks down to form a ELECTRON and a
PROTON. It has a NEGATIVE charge.
Computation
Uses of Radioactivity
- Treat cancer
- Sterilization of water
- To determine leak in pipes
- Radioimmunotherapy
- Smoke detectors
MIRRORS
Reflection – bouncing back of light.
Refraction – bending of light.
Types of Images
Real
- Inverted
- Formed in front of the mirror.
- Size depends on the location of the object with respect to the mirror.
Virtual
- Upright
- Formed at the back of the mirror.
- Size depends on the mirror used.
Types of Mirror
Plain Mirror – reflecting surface is flat surface.
Curved Mirror – reflecting surface is a section of sphere.
Kinds of Curved Mirror
Concave – converging mirror.
- Larger images formed.
- Virtual
- Upright
Convex – diverging mirror.
- Image is smaller than the object
- Real
- Inverted
LENSES
Refracting Telescope
- Produce a reduced and inverted image of a distant object.
Magnifying Glass
- Produce a magnified view of an object using single positive lens.
