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BAR CHART WITH TREND (2) - KEY

Question 1:

Production / producer
The amount of N produced/ generated >> oil production capacity / oil production output
The given bar chart compares the oil production capacity of six Middle East countries in 2005,
2010, 2015 and 2020.

Overall, it is clear that al the given countries expanded their capacity over the years, with Qatar
being the only exception and Saudi Arabia being the largest producer, while Qatar was at the
other end of the spectrum.

Regarding the countries that produces most oil in the region, SA delivered exactly 8 million
barrels a day in 2005, and this figure changed moderately over the next five years, before
surging in the last decade to 14 million in 2020. Iran was the second largest producer;
however, its numbers were relatively more stable. They started the period at around 3 million
barrels per day, then rose slightly and plateaued at around 4 million from 2010 to 2020.

The next largest producers namely Iraq, Kuwait and the UAE grew similarly, as their figures
commenced at around 2 million barrels a day in the first year, increasing steadily over the next
15 years, ending up approximately twice as high in 2020. Finally, Qatar's numbers were
insignificant, and remained at around 0.5 million throughout the period shown.

Question 2:

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The bar chart below shows the average percentage of new secondary school graduates
enrolling in university in 2010, 2015 and 2020. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

New secondary school graduates = fresh secondary school graduates/leavers

Enroll in university = attend university = pursue higher education = apply for university
(chủ thể của động từ tăng/giảm) university enrollment (rate) = the percentage of fresh secondary
school leavers/graduates enrolling in university…

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The bar chart displays the enrollment of fresh secondary school graduates in university. Its
data is organized by the percentage of secondary school students in four countries sampling three
years.

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Overall, new graduate university enrollment among all countries increased. Both Germany and
Angola witnessed the steadiest growth, with Germany maintaining the highest percentages of
all, and Angola rising by the largest margins. Malaysia's numbers remained static while Brazil
experienced considerable fluctuation.
In 2010, the enrollment of new German secondary school graduates stood higher than all other
nations at 69%. This number grew steadily to 75% in 2015 before peaking at nearly 80% in
2020. While Angolan enrollment was the lowest of all nations at 42% in 2010, it surged to 61%
by 2020. Its margins of growth surpassed even Germany, increasing by 8% in 2015 and 11% in
2020, marking the largest five-year increase of the graph.
On the contrary, enrollment among new Malaysian graduates varied little. After a growth
from 62% to 64% between 2010 and 2015, Malaysia's rate fell by a single percent to 63% in
2020. At 53%, Brazil ranked third of four countries in 2010. After a drop to 41% in 2015,
enrollment grew by 7% five years later. Despite reaching a high of 58%, Brazilian enrollment
stood last by 2020.
BAR CHART WITHOUT TREND (1)
* Chép bài mẫu (không cần chép phần Vietnamese) – Ghi question tương ứng trong tập đề
Example 1:
Chú ý đến những điểm như sau:
 Điểm số liệu cao nhất trên biểu đồ
 Điểm số liệu thấp nhất trên biểu đồ
 Các điểm đặc biệt khác (điểm bằng nhau, ranking, sự tương đồng ở các đối tượng)
Đối với dạng biểu đồ này, việc so sánh cũng được tiến hành khác hơn một chút so với biểu đồ
năm tháng. Cần xác định rõ ĐỐI TƯỢNG – TIÊU CHÍ SO SÁNH để có cơ sở phân tích/chia
body.

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(1) Introduction
The bar chart  gives information about  the spending of people on five categories/items in two
European countries namely France and Britain  in 2010.
The bar chart compares FRANCE AND BRITAIN in terms of EXPENDITURE ON/BUDGET
FOR FIVE DIFFERENT ITEMS in the year 2010.
Lưu ý: Trong đề bài có từ “below” (bên dưới), tuy nhiên khi paraphrase lại, chúng ta cần phải bỏ
từ này đi vì khi đi thi, bài viết của chúng ta không có hình đi kèm bên dưới 
(2) Overview
Kết hợp nhìn vào biểu đồ ở trên, ta thấy:
 Biểu đồ nay không có sự biến đổi số liệu theo các năm
 Nước hoa là mặt hàng ít được chi nhiều tiền nhất trong khi xe hơi được chi tiền nhiều
nhất
 Người ở Anh chi tiền cho hàng hoá tiêu dùng nhiều hơn người ở Pháp

 It is evident that consumers in both countries expended most on cars. While perfume
received the smallest budget in the UK, camera was given/allocated least money in the other
country. (In addition to this, the expenditures of British people on cars, books and cameras were
higher than those of their French counterparts and the reverse/opposite is true for the other
goods).
3. Body
Với dạng bài không có sự thay đổi theo thời gian, chúng ta có hai cách chia thân bài:

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 Cách 1 (Chia theo tiêu chí/hạng mục so sánh): Nhóm các hạng mục so sánh lại với nhau
và chia thành hai đoạn văn
 Cách 2 (Chia theo đối tượng/chủ thể so sánh): Mỗi đoạn thân bài miêu tả số liệu riêng
của một chủ thể so sánh (quốc gia, nam và nữ, thành phố…)
Lưu ý: vì đây là dạng bài chỉ có một năm, nên chúng ta không thể diễn tả tăng hay giảm mà chỉ
liệt kê và so sánh số liệu.  

OUTLINE (chia theo TCSS)

BODY 1: Nhóm các mặt hàng được chi tiêu nhiều hơn ở Anh

BODY 2: Nhóm các mặt hàng được chi tiêu nhiều hơn ở Pháp

Để kết nối các hạng mục so sánh lại với nhau, ta sử dụng các từ “Regarding, With regard to,
When it comes to, Turning to, … (khi nhắc đến)”.
Từ outline trên, ta có a full report như sau:
The bar chart gives information about the spending of people on five categories/items in two
European countries namely France and Britain in 2010.
It is evident that consumers in both countries expended most on cars. While perfume received
the smallest budget in the UK, camera was given/allocated least money in the other country. (In
addition to this, the expenditures of British people on cars, books and cameras were higher than
those of their French counterparts and the reverse/opposite is true for the other goods).
In terms of cars, people in the UK spent about £450,000 on this as opposed to (= in comparison
with = compared to) the French who spent £400,000. Similarly, the British spent more money
on books than the French, around £400,000 and £300,000 respectively. In the UK, expenditure
on cameras (just over £350,000) was twice as high as that of France, which was only 150,000.
In contrast/On the contrary, the amount (of money) (which was) spent on the remaining goods
was higher in France. Above £350,000 was spent by the French on computers, which was
slightly more than the British who spent exactly £350,000. Neither of the countries spent much
on perfume which cost £200,000 in France but under £150,000 in the UK.
As opposed to = in comparison with = compared to/with + N
in terms of = regarding = with regards/respect to = when it comes to
in comparison, = besides = furthermore
Example 2:

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preferences for 4 different kinds/sorts/types of accommodation

100% survey participants/respondents/takers in Liverpool >> 60% liked/were fond of/keen on
apartments, ….
below 60% of people living in/residing in/dwelling in Liverpool preferred/chose to live in
apartments
Liverpool residents/dwellers/citizens/inhabitants

London people >>> Londoners

Liverpool people >> Liverpudlians

Manchester people >> Manchesterians / Manucians

Khi gặp dạng bài này, chúng ta có 2 cách để phân tích:

Cách 1: Phân tích theo đối tượng: Nhóm các đối tượng có điểm chung/trái ngược >> so sánh
các đối tượng theo từng tiêu chí

OUTLINE 1 (chia theo ĐỐI TƯỢNG)

BODY 1: Nhóm Liverpool and Manchester

 Phần lớn người dân ở Liverpool chọn sống ở apartments (60 %), hơn gấp 3 lần so với ở Manchester (20
%)
 Teraced houses là sự lựa chọn ít phổ biến nhất ở cả 2 thành phố.
 Sự lựa chọn detached và semi-detached houses ở Liverpool thấp hơn ở Manchester.

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OUTLINE 1 (chia theo ĐỐI TƯỢNG)

BODY 2: Còn lại là London

 Ngược lại nhà ở semi-detached houses lại London lại cao nhất (40 %)
 Apartments và detached houses là những lựa chọn phổ biến tiếp theo.
 Thấp nhất vẫn là terraced houses.

Prefer  preference / choose (to live in) = select

Survey = poll
Survey taker = participants = respondents (respond to sth/sb  RESPONSE)
Select/choose the options/ give feedback/response
The bar chart illustrates preferences for accommodation of citizens in three major cities of
England presented in a survey carried out in 2009.
Overall, Liverpool dwellers were most keen on flats, while those living in London and
Manchester liked/preferred semi-detached the most. Terraced houses were the least
popular kind of housing/accommodation in three surveyed cities.
As can be seen from the chart, nearly 60% of respondents to the survey in Liverpool preferred
apartments, nearly three times as much as that of Manchester. However, the opposite tendency
could be seen in the figures for detached houses and semi-detached houses, (which accounted
for) accounting for around 16% and well over 30% respectively. In contrast, there was just
roughly 10% of residents in both cities choosing Terraced houses in 2009.
Regarding the survey result in London, well over a third of the preferences went on Semi-
detached houses. This was followed by nearly 30% and 25% of citizens choosing Apartments
and Detached houses respectively. Meanwhile, the figure for terraced houses was lower, with
slightly less than 20% of survey participants selecting them.
Cách 2: Phân tích theo tiêu chí so sánh >>> Nhóm các tiêu chí có 1/nhiều điểm chung/trái
ngược

OUTLINE 2 (chia theo TIÊU CHÍ SO SÁNH)

BODY 1: Nhóm apartment và Terraced houses

 Tỉ lệ người chọn aparment ở Liverpool là cao nhất (60 %), gấp 2 lần so với London và gấp 3 lần so với
Manchester.
 Terraced houses là ít phổ biến nhất trong cả 3 thành phố.
 Terraced house phổ biến nhất ở London (20 %), cao gấp 2 lần so với 2 thành phố còn lại.

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OUTLINE 2 (chia theo TIÊU CHÍ SO SÁNH)

BODY 2: Còn lại là Detached houses và Semi-detached houses

 Tỉ lệ chọn detached housed phổ biến nhất ở Manchester, cao hơn 2 thành phố còn lại.
 Semi-detached houses phổ biến như nhau ở London và Manchester, cao gấp đôi so với Liverpool.

The bar chart illustrates preferences for accommodation of citizens in three major cities of
England presented in a survey carried out in 2009.
Overall, Liverpool dwellers were most keen on flats, while those living in London and
Manchester liked/preferred semi-detached the most. Terraced houses were the least
popular kind of housing/accommodation in three surveyed cities.
As can be seen from the chart, nearly 60% of respondents to the survey in Liverpool
preferred flats, almost twice and three times that of London and Manchester respectively. In
contrast, residing in Terraced Houses was a much less popular choice, accounting for just
under 20% of survey respondents in London and around 10% in Manchester and Liverpool.
Housing/accommodation  Live in = reside in
The most favorite kind of accommodation / living in apartments was the most popular choice for
Londoners
Looking at the chart in more detail, there was an equal proportion of citizens choosing
Semi- detached houses in London and Manchester with well over a third of survey
participants, which was twice as high as the figure for Liverpool with only 17%. Meanwhile,
the percentage of residents choosing detached houses in Manchester was roundly 35%, which
was about 10% and 20% higher than that of London and Liverpool respectively.

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* Practice exercise: FULL REPORT (File nộp cho cô chỉ có phần này)
Example 1:
(17.04.21) The bar chart shows type of media to get daily news, by age group 2011

Example 2: The graph below shows the hours of teaching per year done by each teacher in
four different countries in 2001.

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