Writing task 1

1.1Line graph

Dạng biểu đồ đường thường được dùng để thể hiện sự biến đổi của các thông số theo thời gian.

Dưới đây là một vài bí quyết giúp bạn trình bày bài viết này dễ dàng hơn:

 Bạn không cần đưa ra những con số trong phần tóm tắt mà chỉ nên đề cập đến những số

liệu chung và nổi bật nhất: Overall change, highest and lowest …

 Không mô tả từng đường số liệu riêng biệt, hãy đưa ra sự so sánh giữa các đường.

 Hạn chế sử dụng các thể bị động (the number was increased), thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (the

number was increasing), hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành (the number has increased).

Đề bài mẫu: The graph below gives information about the percentage of the population in four

Asian countries living in cities from 1970 to 2020, with predictions for 2030 and 2040.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and making comparisons

where relevant.

The line chart shows how urban residency has changed in four Asian countries from 1970 to 2040.

Overall, it is clear that urban living will increase in all countries, especially in Malaysia and the

Philippines. By 2040, Malaysia will have the highest percentage of people living in cities.

In 1970, the Philippines and Malaysia had similar urban residency rates, around 31% and 30%

respectively. Thailand and Indonesia had lower rates, with Thailand at 19% and Indonesia at 12%.
Over the next 20 years, Malaysia’s rate went up and down, surpassing the Philippines around 40%

before rapidly increasing in 1990. It is projected to reach over 80% by 2040. On the other hand, the

Philippines saw a moderate decline after 1980 but is expected to recover and reach above 50% by

2040.

Indonesia has seen significant growth in urban residency, surpassing Thailand in 2000 (28%) and the

Philippines in 2010 (42%). It is projected to reach 55%, the second-highest among all countries.

Finally, Thailand has experienced a gradual increase and is currently around 30%. It is expected to

rise to over 40% in the next 17 years. (186 words)

1.2Bar chart

Dưới đây là một vài bí quyết giúp bạn dễ dàng ghi điểm ghi gặp dạng biểu đồ cột:

 Mô tả dữ liệu số từ trái sang phải đề cập đến sự thay đổi của biểu đồ

 Lưu ý các sự kiện chính và ảnh hưởng của chúng lên các số liệu qua từng thời kỳ

 Hãy nêu chi tiết và dẫn chứng những số liệu trong đoạn văn của bạn

 Liên kết câu với các từ như: while, compared to, along with, whereas, etc.

Đề bài mẫu: The chart below shows the expenditure of two countries on consumer goods in 2010.

Write at least 150 words. You may spend 20 minutes to complete the task.

The bar chart provides information on five different areas of expenditure in the UK and France in

2010.
Relatively more money was spent by the UK on cars, books and cameras than France. On the

former category, the UK spent just over 450,000 pounds, whereas France used about 55,000

pounds less. For books, the expenditure gap widened, but both countries expended less than they

did on cars: approximately 400,000 and 300,000 pounds for the UK and France, respectively. The

margin in spending was the largest for cameras, with the figure for France being more than two

times smaller (150,000 pounds) than that for the UK (slightly over 350,000 pounds).

However, France’s expense on computers and perfume was higher than the UK’s. About 380,000

pounds was spent by France on computers as opposed to 350,000 pounds by the UK, but the

amounts for perfume were a lot lower with the respective figures of 200,000 and just under

150,000 pounds.

Overall, the UK spent more money on cars, books and cameras, whereas France did so on the other

two categories: computers and perfume. It is also apparent that both these nations used the most

money on automobiles, and the biggest difference in expenditure was recorded in cameras. (205

words)

1.3Pie chart

Đối với biểu đồ tròn, bạn nên:

 Chú ý đến khung thời gian của biểu đồ để sử dụng thì, ngữ cảnh thích hợp.

 Tránh đưa ra ý kiến cá nhân. (Ví dụ: Nếu một biểu đồ thể hiện sự tăng giá và cho dù bạn biết

đó là kết quả bởi chiến tranh ở Trung Đông, bạn cũng không nên đề cập đến quan điểm cá

nhân của mình.

Đề bài mẫu: The pie chart gives information on the proportion of carbohydrates, protein and fat

in three different diets.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. Make comparisons

where relevant. You should write at least 150 words.

average diet, a healthy diet and a healthy diet for sport.

In general, carbohydrates are the highest nutritional ingredient overall, whereas the rate of fat is

the lowest among given diets. It is noticeable that a healthy diet for sports consumes the highest

amount of carbs but the lowest amount of fat compared to the two remaining diets.

Sport players select a healthy diet with 60% of carbohydrates. The percentages of carbohydrates in

a healthy diet and an average diet are relatively lower, at 50% and 40% respectively. By contrast, fat

consumption remains lowest in all healthy diets for people playing sports (15%), while the figures
for an average diet and a healthy diet are equal (20%).

In terms of protein, average diet eaters require the highest level, at 40%. This is 10% higher than

the proportion of protein in a healthy diet, and 15% more than the proportion in a healthy diet for

sport.

(170 words)

1.4Table

Bảng số liệu sẽ là một thử thách khi chúng chứa quá nhiều số liệu liên quan đến nhiều khía cạnh

khác nhau. Vậy nên đây là một số lời khuyên cho bạn:

 Mô tả/ so sánh các keys mà bạn đã tô sáng - bao gồm ít nhất 3 số liệu trong mỗi đoạn.
  Sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn cho những năm trước và 'will' hoặc 'is expected/predicted to' cho

những năm sau. Nếu không có khoảng thời gian thì sử dụng hiện tại đơn.

 Đối với đoạn tóm tắt, hãy thử so sánh toàn bộ các phần (cột hoặc hàng) thay vì từng ô riêng

lẻ trong bảng. Nếu bạn không thể so sánh toàn bộ danh mục, hãy so sánh số lớn nhất và số

nhỏ nhất.

Đề bài mẫu: The table with the percentage of students in six different departments in 2011.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons

where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

The given table illustrates data on different aspects of undergraduates who took six different

majors at an Australian University in 2011.

Overall, while the social science departments attracted the majority of female students, there were

a large number of undergraduates who preferred learning IT and engineering at university.

Specifically, most females were in favor of humanities majors (72%) and the educational sector

(68%). While there were slightly more than half of this population studied Science and Physics (52%

and 56%, respectively), they seemed less appealing to technological majors such as information

technology and engineering which accounted for roughly 15%.

It is also clear that the proportion of non-native English speakers and overseas undergraduates took

the leading position in science and technology majors. In particular, approximately half of students

whose first language was not English enrolled in the IT department, which was followed by science
(45%) and engineering (42%) majors. Whereas the physics department experienced 38% of

enrolment of this group, humanities and pedagogy attracted nearly 15% of undergraduates.

The same pattern can be observed in the percentage of students born in other foreign countries.

The physics and IT departments had the highest percentage of enrolment (56%), and engineering

held second place with 48%. Other departments were listed in decreasing order as follows: science,

education, and humanities, with 31%, 23%, and 20% respectively.

1.5Mixed chart
The first chart below gives information about the money spent by British parents on their
children’s sports between 2008 and 2014. The second chart shows the number of children who
participated in three sports in Britain over the same time period.

The line graphs show the average monthly amount that parents in Britain spent on their children’s
sporting activities and the number of British children who took part in three different sports from
2008 to 2014.

It is clear that parents spent more money each year on their children’s participation in sports over
the six-year period. In terms of the number of children taking part, football was significantly more
popular than athletics and swimming.
In 2008, British parents spent an average of around £20 per month on their children’s sporting
activities. Parents’ spending on children’s sports increased gradually over the following six years,
and by 2014 the average monthly amount had risen to just over £30.

Looking at participation numbers, in 2008 approximately 8 million British children played football,
while only 2 million children were enrolled in swimming clubs and less than 1 million practised
athletics. The figures for football participation remained relatively stable over the following 6 years.
By contrast, participation in swimming almost doubled, to nearly 4 million children, and there was a
near fivefold increase in the number of children doing athletics.

Writing task 2
2.1 Advantages and disadvantages essay
International travel is becoming cheaper, and countries are opening their doors to more and
more tourists. Do the advantages of increased tourism outweigh the disadvantages?

These days, traveling oversea is becoming more affordable. Meanwhile, many countries are
conducting new approaches to prompt more visitors. Even though there are still disadvantages to
this trend, I think its values are more remarkable.

On the one hand, the drawbacks of opening for foreigners are varied. To begin with, it is that the
local environment can be affected due to the fast development of facilities and infrastructures. For
instance, in Vietnam, many travel companies are permitted to cut down a great area of forests to
build modern commodities such as hotels and golf courses, causing extremely bad problems for
natural habitats. In addition, the increase in costs of living may press on local people as well as
domestic travel. This is because the growth in the number of visitors would push the costs of
vacancies and other traveling services.

However, there are some benefits of international travel that can overshadow those analysed
disadvantages. Firstly, the regional economy can gain some benefits from the growth of the tourism
industry because more positions will be created to accommodate the needs of tourists. As a result,
the locals can have more job opportunities in the traveling field and earn more money to improve
their living standards. Secondly, the increased number of foreign people visiting another country
would enhance tourism industries, contributing significantly to the wealth of that country. If those
enjoy their trips, that destination can be recommended worldwide in the future.

In conclusion, from all the reasons mentioned above, it seems that the merits of international
tourism are more significant than its drawbacks.
2.2 Opinion essay

Some people say that we do not need printed newspapers anymore. To what extent do you agree
or disagree?

Technology advancement has resulted in a profusion of digital platforms. As a result, the vast
majority of people believe that daily newspapers are no longer necessary. As a consequence, in my
opinion, an up-to-date broadcast is now available on electronic devices. In the following
paragraphs, I will clarify my position. There are numerous reasons to support this notion.

Nowadays, getting news on the internet provides a number of advantages. For starters, internet
papers keep readers up to date faster than traditional periodicals. For example, we can acquire
global updates instantaneously on the internet, but it would take publications a few days to
investigate and publish the data officially. Second, the internet allows users to access free material
and the most up-to-date information without having to purchase physical newspapers from stores,
allowing them to save money and time.

On the other hand, I believe that physical diaries are still indispensable for a variety of reasons. The
first is that they are one of the most reliable sources of information. Because anybody may create
and upload articles on the internet, they may include untrustworthy material that has not been
adequately vetted before release. Furthermore, online journals frequently have a detrimental
impact on people’s health. For example, if we spend many hours each day reading online news on
our mobile phone or computer, this might have a negative influence, particularly on our eyes.

In conclusion, while individuals are increasingly using alternative media to acquire worldwide
information, this does not indicate that there is no longer a vital demand for physical press.
2.3 Cause and solution

Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country. What are the
reasons? Solutions to change negative attitudes?

A hostile attitude towards the trend of international tourism has emerged amongst local people.
This happens because this trend often disturbs the social balance and causes cultural
misunderstandings in the local area. To change these negative attitudes, the authorities should
impose a tax on tourist services and organise cultural-exchange events.

There are two significant reasons as to why hostility is felt by local residents against international
tourism. One significant factor could be the threat that this industry poses to social cohesion in the
local community. In other words, a group of people may benefit from providing services for foreign
tourists, and become more prosperous than the rest, who are mostly fishermen and farmers. As
such an income gap is created, people of lower levels of earnings may feel disadvantaged, and a
negative attitude towards foreign travellers may prevail. In addition, foreign visitors may
unintentionally antagonise the locals because of the cultural differences between these two groups
of people. An example of this is that a Japanese waiter in a local restaurant may feel dishonoured if
an American tourist leaves him a tip, a very common and well-appreciated practice in the US and
other countries.

Some measures can be implemented to change the antagonistic attitude of locals towards
international tourism. The first important solution is that the authorities may introduce new
taxation schemes on tourism-related services, and use this tax money to invest in other industries.
In this way, all residents can equally benefit from the rise of international tourism, and social
balance in the area is maintained. Besides, there should be free-of-charge cultural-exchange
programmes for all people. If such programmes were held, mutual cultural understanding between
the locals and the visitors would be fortified, and the problem of cultural differences could be
mitigated.

In conclusion, the fact that local citizens may perceive international travel as an adverse trend could
be ascribed to cultural misunderstandings and the loss of social cohesion in the area. This negative
perception can be properly addressed by a new tax on services for tourists and cultural-exchange
activities.
2.4 Two question essay

Environmental damage is the problem of most countries. What factors damage the environment
and who should take responsibility?

The deterioration of environment has been one of the major issues that need urgent action to be
addressed. I believe that air pollution and deforestation are the main culprits of this phenomenon.
Therefore, both parties, namely individuals and governments, should ensure accountability to solve
the problem.

The two main factors behind this degradation are contaminated air and clearing forests. Concerning
the former, the excessive growth of industrial production combined with the substantial increase in
the number of transportation leads to the disposal of harmful gases to the environment. These
substances are generally considered as the key factor destroying the ozone layer which protects the
Earth from detrimental effects of ultraviolet rays. The second point is that overpopulation
and lucrative timber harvesting have negatively driven people to deforest. As a result,
some adversely worth-concerning consequences are animals’ struggling to survive and the frequent
occurrence of natural disasters, which creates an imbalance in the whole ecosystem.

Both authorities and individuals are accountable for the issue of environmental damage. Obviously,
governments have to pioneer in saving the environment as those competent authorities can make
collaborative efforts in enacting new international laws which ensure citizens’ compliance with all
regulations in protecting our surroundings. In addition, each person is responsible for not doing
harm to the environment as his or her daily performance would directly impact the habitat. For
example, provided that individuals awareness of reducing plastic use on a daily basis, the total
amount of this substance disposed to the environment would significantly plummet.

In conclusion, environmental degradation is the disadvantageous impact of polluted air and