PPL EXAM

PPL – HUMAN PERFORMANCE

1. During a night flight, you observe a steady red light and a flashing red light ahead and at the
same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?
A) The other aircraft is crossing to the left.
B) The other aircraft is crossing to the right.
C) The other aircraft is approaching head-on.

2. During a night flight, you observe steady red and green lights ahead and at the same altitude.
What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?
A) The other aircraft is crossing to the left.
B) The other aircraft is flying away from you.
C) The other aircraft is approaching head-on.

3. During a night flight, you observe a steady white light and a flashing red light ahead and at the
same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?
A) The other aircraft is flying away from you.
B) The other aircraft is crossing to the left.
C) The other aircraft is crossing to the right.

4. What is the most effective way to use the eyes during night flight?
A) Look only at far away, dim lights.
B) Scan slowly to permit off center viewing.
C) Concentrate directly on each object for a few seconds.

5. The best method to use when looking for other traffic at night is to
A) Look to the side of the object and scan slowly.
B) Scan the visual field very rapidly.
C) Look to the side of the object and scan rapidly.

6. The most effective method of scanning for other aircraft for collision avoidance during
nighttime hours is to use
A) Regularly spaced concentration on the 3-, 9-, and 12-o'clock positions.
B) A series of short regularly spaced eye movements to search each 30-degree
sector.
C) Peripheral vision by scanning small sectors and utilizing off center
viewing.

7. Large accumulations of carbon monoxide in the human body result in

A) Tightness across the forehead.
B) Loss of muscular power.
C) An increased sense of well-being.
8. Susceptibility to carbon monoxide poisoning increases as
A) Altitude increases.
B) Altitude decreases.
C) Air pressure increases.

9. Which statement best defines hypoxia?

A state of oxygen deficiency in the body.
An abnormal increase in the volume of air breathed.
A condition of gas bubble formation around the joints or muscles.

10. The most effective method of scanning for other aircraft for collision
avoidance during daylight hours is to use
Regularly spaced concentration on the 3-, 9-, and 12-o'clock positions.
A series of short regularly spaced eye movements to search each 10-degree sector.
Peripheral vision by scanning small sectors and utilizing off center viewing.

11. Rapid or extra deep breathing while using oxygen can cause a condition known as
Hyperventilation.
Aero sinusitis.
Aerotitis.

12. Which technique should a pilot use to scan for traffic to the right and left during straight-and-
level flight?
Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals.
Concentrate on relative movement detected in the peripheral vision area.
Continuous sweeping of the windshield from right to left.

13. How can you determine if another aircraft is on a collision course with your aircraft?
The other aircraft will always appear to get larger and closer at a rapid rate.
The nose of each aircraft is pointed at the same point in space.
There will be no apparent relative motion between your aircraft and the other aircraft.

14. If a pilot experiences spatial disorientation during flight in a restricted visibility condition, the
best way to overcome the effect is to
Rely upon the aircraft instrument indications.
Concentrate on yaw, pitch, and roll sensations.
Consciously slow the breathing rate until symptoms clear and then resume normal breathing rate.

15. Pilots are more subject to spatial disorientation if

They ignore the sensations of muscles and inner ear.
Body signals are used to interpret flight attitude.
Eyes are moved often in the process of cross-checking the flight instruments.

16. The danger of spatial disorientation during flight in poor visual conditions may be reduced by
Shifting the eyes quickly between the exterior visual field and the instrument panel.
Having faith in the instruments rather than taking a chance on the sensory organs.
Leaning the body in the opposite direction of the motion of the aircraft.

17. A person may not act as a crewmember of a civil aircraft if alcoholic beverages have been
consumed by that person within the preceding
8 hours.
12 hours.
24 hours.

18. Which is true regarding the presence of alcohol within the human body?
A small amount of alcohol increases vision acuity.
An increase in altitude decreases the adverse effect of alcohol.
Judgment and decision-making abilities can be adversely affected by even small amounts of
alcohol.

19. Hypoxia is the result of which of these conditions?

Excessive oxygen in the bloodstream.
Insufficient oxygen reaching the brain.
Excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.

20. Why is hypoxia particularly dangerous during flights with one pilot?
Night vision may be so impaired that the pilot cannot see other aircraft.
Symptoms of hypoxia may be difficult to recognize before the pilot's reactions are affected.
The pilot may not be able to control the aircraft even if using oxygen.

21. Which statement is correct regarding the use of cockpit lighting for night flight?
Reducing the lighting intensity to a minimum level will eliminate blind spots.
The use of regular white light, such as a flashlight, will impair night adaptation.
Coloration shown on maps is least affected by the use of direct red lighting.

22. What action should be taken if hyperventilation is suspected?

Breathe at a slower rate by taking very deep breaths.
Consciously breathe at a slower rate than normal.
Consciously force yourself to take deep breaths and breathe at a faster rate than normal.

23. How can an instrument pilot best overcome spatial disorientation?

Use a very rapid cross check.
Properly interpret the flight instruments and act accordingly.
Avoid banking in excess of 30°.

24. Which would most likely result in Hyperventilation?

Emotional tension, anxiety or fear.
The excessive consumption of alcohol.
An extremely slow rate of breathing and insufficient oxygen.

25. A pilot should be able to overcome the symptoms or avoid future occurrences of
hyperventilation by
Closely monitoring the flight instruments to control the airplane.
Slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a bag, or talking aloud.
Increasing the breathing rate in order to increase lung ventilation.

26. The danger of spatial disorientation during flight in poor visual conditions may be reduced by
Shifting the eyes quickly between the exterior visual field and the instrument panel
Having faith in the instruments rather than taking taking a chance on the sensory organs.
Leaning the body in the opposite direction of the motion of the aircraft.

27. A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain
by various sensory organs is defined as
Spatial disorientation
Hyperventilation
Hypoxia

28. Which technique should a pilot use to scan for traffic to the right and left during straight and
level flight?
Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals
Concentrate on relative movement detected in the peripheral vision area.
Continuous sweeping of the windshield from right to left.

29. What effect does haze have on the ability to see traffic or terrain features during flight?
Haze causes the eyes to focus at infinity.
The eyes tend to overwork in haze and do not detect relative movement easily.
All traffic or terrain features appear to be farther away than their actual
distance.

30. What preparation should a pilot make to adapt the eyes for night flying?
Wear sunglasses after sunset until ready for flight.
Avoid red light up to 30 minutes before the flight.
Avoid bright white lights at least 30 minutes before the flight.

31. Hypoxia susceptibility due to inhalation of carbon monoxide increases as

Humidity decreases.
Altitude decreases.
Oxygen demand increases.
32. Hypoxia is the result of which of these conditions?
Excessive oxygen in the bloodstream.
Insufficient oxygen reaching the brain.
Excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.

33. Which is true regarding the presence of alcohol within the human body?
A small amount of alcohol increases vision acuity.
An increase in altitude decreases the adverse effect of alcohol.
Judgment and decision making abilities can be adversely affected by even small amounts of
alcohol.

34. Which is a common symptom of hyperventilation?

Drowsiness.
Decreased breathing rate.
Euphoria- sense of well-being.

35. As hyperventilation progresses a pilot can experience

Decreased breathing rate and depth.
Heightened awareness and feeling of well-being.
Symptoms of suffocation and drowsiness.

36. To overcome the symptoms of hyperventilation, a pilot should

Swallow or yawn.
Slow the breathing rate.
Increase the breathing rate.

37. Which would most likely result in hyperventilation?

Insufficient oxygen.
Excessive carbon monoxide.
Insufficient carbon dioxide.

38. To best overcome the effects of spatial disorientation, a pilot should

Rely on the body sensations.
Increase the breathing rate.
Rely on aircraft instrument indications.

39. To scan properly for traffic, a pilot should

Continuously sweep vision field.
Concentrate on any peripheral movement detected.
Systematically focus on different segments of vision field for short intervals.

40. A pilot is more subject to spatial disorientation if

Kinesthetic senses are ignored.
Eyes are moved often in the process of cross-checking the flight instruments.
Body signals are used to interpret flight instruments.
41. Abrupt head movement during a prolonged constant rate turn in the IMC or simulated
instrument conditions can cause
Pilot disorientation.
False horizon.
Elevator illusion.

42. Without visual aid, pilot often interprets centrifugal force as a sensation of
Rising or falling.
Turning.
Motion reversal.

43. An abrupt change from climb to straight-and-level flight can create the illusion of
Tumbling backwards.
A nose up attitude.
A descent with the wings level.

44. A rapid acceleration during takeoff can create the illusion of

Spinning in the opposite direction.
Being in a nose up attitude.
Diving into the ground.

45. A slopping cloud formation, an obscured horizon, and a dark scene spread with ground lights
and stars can create an illusion known as
Elevator illusions.
Auto kinesis.
False horizons.

46. Due to visual illusion, when landing on a narrower-than-usual runway, the aircraft will appear
to be
Higher than actual, leading to a lower-than-normal approach.
Lower than actual, leading to a higher-than-normal approach.
Higher than actual, leading to a higher-than-normal approach.

47. What visual illusion creates the same effect as a narrower-than-usual runway?
An up sloping runway.
A wider-than-usual runway.
A down sloping runway.

48. It can take up to ___ hours for the body to dispose of carbon monoxide.
10 hours
24 hours
48 hours
49. The only medicine found safe for flying if taken at minimal dosage are:
Aspirin and antacids
Analgesics and Anesthetics
Decongestants and Antihistamines

50. Flashing lights inside clouds during night time can induce:
Inversion illusion
Flicker vertigo
Coriolis illusion

2. Hazardous attitude which contribute to poor pilot judgement can be

effectively counteracted by:
Early recognition of hazardous thoughts
Taking meaningful steps to be more assertive with attitudes
Redirecting that hazardous attitudes so that appropriate action can be taken 0

3. What does good cockpit stress management begin with:

Knowing what causes stress
Eliminating life and cockpit stress issues
Good life stress management 0

5. Examples of classic behavioural traps that experienced pilots may fall into are:
trying to:
Assume additional responsibilities and assert PIC authority
Promote situational awareness and then necessary changes in behaviour
Complete a flight as planned, please passengers, meet schedules, and demonstrate
the “right stuff” 0

7. When a pilot recognized a hazardous thought, he or she then should correct it by stating
the corresponding antidote, which of the following is the antidote for ANTIAUTHORITY:
Not so fast, Think first
It won’t happen to me. It could happen to me
Don’t tell me. Follow the rules. They are usually right 0

23. Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) is a:

Systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine
the best course of action for a given set of circumstances 0
Decision making process which relies on good judgement to reduce risks associated with
each flight
Mental process of analyzing all information in a particular situation and making a timely
decision on what action to take

24. What should a pilot do when recognizing a thought as hazardous:

Avoid developing this hazardous thought
Develop this hazardous thought and follow through with modified action
Label that thought as hazardous, then correct that thought by stating the
corresponding learned antidote 0
26. The aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) process indentifies the steps
involved in good decision making. One of these steps includes a pilot:
Making a rational evaluation of the required actions
Developing the “right stuff” attitude
Identifying personal attitudes hazardous to safe flight 0