Onan To establish the relation between the loss in weight of a solid when fully immersed in (i) tap water and (ii) densely salty water, with the weight of liquid displaced by it, la APPARATUS A spring balance (of range 0-100 g wt), an iron stand with clamps, beakers to collect and weigh displaced liquids, an overflow vessel, glass rods and a collecting vessel. ay MATERIALS A piece of thin strong thread, a pair of scissors, an object of irregular shape ~ insoluble, heavier and non-reacting with water (€3g. glass stopper, a piece of clean non-porous stone), tap water, and a strong solution of common salt in water. A When a body heavier than a liquid is fully immersed in it, it displaces the liquid, the volume of which is equal to the ‘volume of the immersed body, provided the body is insoluble, non-absorbent and non-reactive with water. ‘A body immersed in a liquid appears to lose some weight. The apparent loss in weight is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it. ‘The apparent loss in weight is due to a force called “upthrust’ exerted on the object by the liquid in which it is immersed. A body, fully immersed in two liquids of different densit the weight of the displaced liquids is unequal. A body, fully immersed in a liquid of greater density, appears to lose more weight than when it is fully immersed in aliquid of lesser density. © PROCEDURE 1. Measuring the (apparent) loss in weight of an object fully immersed in tap water: 1. Vertically suspend a spring balance from the clamp of an iron stand. Confirm thatthe pointer moves freely on the scale when a load is attached to the lower hook of the balance. Replace the balance if it does not work properly. ‘Adjust the scale so that the pointer shows zero, when no load is attached to the balance. If it has no adjustable scale, note down the reading shown by the pointer as its zero error (e), when no load is attached. Tie a piece of strong thread to the given object and suspend it from the lower hook of the suspended spring balance. Observe the weight (W,’) of the object in air and record it along with its corrected weight (W,), Support the suspended object on the palm of your hand so that its weight is not acting on the balance. Then slowly lower your palm so that the weight of the object acts fully on the spring balance. Record the observed weight. Repeat this step once more so that you obtain three readings of observed weight and their corresponding corrected weights. 7. Attach the empty collecting vessel to the spring balance and record it as (W,,"]. Calculate and record its corrected weight [W,.]- 8 Place the empty beaker under the spout of the overflow vessel and fill tap water in the overflow vessel til it starts to overflow. , displaces an equal volume of the two liquids; however, PW CBSE Lab Manual Cum Journal Physics - IX @9, When the tap water stops dripping into the beaker, replace it with an empty collecting vessel. 10. Gently lower the object in water in the overflow vessel such that it is fully immersed in the water. Let all the way displaced by the immersed object flow into the collecting vessel. 11, When the displaced water stops dripping into the collecting vessel, record the observed weight (W,') of the obje immersed in water in the overflow vessel. 12, Then slowly shift the collecting vessel away from the spout. Remove the object from the water and from the spr balance. Find and record the observed weight (W,’) of the collecting vessel and the displaced water collected in: Take care not to spill any water from it. 13. Discard the water in the collecting vessel, and suspend the object from the lower hook of the spring balance. Thy repeat steps 8 to 12 to obtain and record two more sets of weights [i.e. (W,’) and (W,')]}. 14, Calculate the mean value of apparent loss in weight [W,,,,] of the object immersed in the tap water. Also calculate weight (W,) of water displaced by the immersed object. 15. Record the observations, calculations and inferences. “A. Determine the range and least count of the spring balance and measuring cylinder before taking the measurements, ‘A. Ifthe scale of the spring balance shows mass, and not weight, multiply the mass by acceleration due to gravity a tha place. 2 OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS A L 2. 3, 4. Weight (W,,,,) of the object when fully immersed in tap water Range of the spring balance = 0 to gmt. Least count of the spring balanc gut, Zero error (¢) of the spring balance=__ gw. Table 4.1: Apparent loss in weight of the object immersed in the tap water = W,, E en Ne — Woy =— 5. Let the mean value of apparent los in weight of the object, fully immersed in the tap water, be [W,,,] 8 Wt Want Wat Woh Rough work: oe Mey t Mey * Mea Wa = 8 Oa ()+(_) +() ew im 5 Wom = em @ Pw case Lab Manual Cum Journal Physics - IXé OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS B. Weight (W,) of tap water displaced by the immersed object 1, Observed weight of empty collecting vessel = W,,,’ g wt - ew 2. Corrected weight of empty collecting vessel W,., = W,,' + (2e) 5 gut clamp spring balance iw, collecting vessel iron displaced water ee stand collecting vessel Fig. 4. () Measuring the loss in weight Fig. 4. (i) Measuring the weight of water displaced by the immersed object ‘Table 4.2: Weight of tap water displaced by the immersed object = W, i oA PW CBSE Lab Menval Cum Journal Physics - x @)4. Weight of only displaced tap water (W,) = [W, W,.) g wt Rough work: Gm ~ ey W, = ((__)-(__ )] gwt W, = ______ gwt 5. Mean value of apparent loss in weight of the object immersed in tap water = W,.)= gwt 6. Weight of tap water displaced by the object = W, = gwt 7. _ Itis observed that W,,,,, = W. y 3Inferences: 1, 2. When a body heavier than a liquid is immersed in it, the body displaces a certain amount of liquid. A body immersed in a liquid appears to lose some weight and the ‘lost’ weight appears to be ‘restored’ when it is taken out of the liquid. Apparent loss in weight is different in liquids of different densities even though the body remains the same. Apparent loss in weight and the weight of the liquid displaced by the immersed body are related. PW CBSE Lab Manual Cum Journal Physics - IX 33& CONCLUSIONS/RESULTS 1, The immersed body does not lose any weight, it is just an apparent loss. Apparent loss in weight of a given body is more when it is immersed in a liquid of greater density. Within the limits of experimental errors, the apparent loss in weight of the immersed body is equal to the weight of th, liquid displaced by it. xf PRECAUTIONS >rPPrp >rPPrP Dre » Use a spring balance that works properly and is of appropriate range. Ensure that its zero error (e) and least count are properly worked out and recorded. While weighing objects, do not hold the spring balance by hand. Suspend it from a rigid support. While weighing an object immersed in a liquid ensure that: (a) The object is immersed slowly but fully in it. (b) The object is not in contact with any part of the container of the liquid. Read the weight only when the object remains stable, i.e. it does not oscillate. Take care to see that parallax error is to tally avoided while reading the weight. Ensure that weights and observations are recorded as soon as they are observed. Take care to see that the displaced liquid is not spilled before its weight is determined. Ensure that before using it, there is no liquid in the collecting vessel when it is placed under the spout and the overflow vessel is filled to its capacity but the drip has stopped. Ensure that the object is as dry as possible before it is immersed in a liquid.