Date. Page
ries Blegtrne Ctreatt Teeny (Ges) Leer 24456]
De Networks Theorems and’ Circats Analysvs
Ad ye Thevenin's Theorem 0) a
AWW)! _ Nortow's: Weorema +
4:3» Superpesinon Theorem!) //
AW 9 LMarimum Powers AransterTheorers
> SP Mesh Ceivvent method OF eeveuit Analyas
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Ac Fundamentals
2.4 Generation of alternating Neltage and Curvent ,
equattons of alternating voliagesS and Current,
Sine Wave. ‘
PEL Teeminologies Frequency; o Mme) Pered » Aampittude
1877 We
LA et
ANGUIA TT Neloetyys aNewage Value , mms Values
ot Phaser ard phase detterence,
134
Average indi Moms Valuer af Atlerent waves.
bP BYPo Re presenjation, nod Alteenahing quantitves Yecto
dkagram, Vector diagram, of SMe Wave of
Us) Same Arequentyy Aadicnion) and Subtraction of |
Le PAN AMtecnaring, quantities , dattterery
Term of a
2p > Natron, Suen ag Magonamerrxeaity
Form , Polar
2cderto « Garrensian term /USe. %4 SJ" operaters and
WS Signidteance :
25
Ac through pure ohmie Reagiante . phaser
Magram, weve form ef Current ama Voltage,
Wane form of Qower and Necessary
mathematical expression with analysrs
GURUIUL2.8 <9 BAe Harbagna pare Inductance only 5 Phaser g.
Wave dom St current and VONAGE. pou =
Variation of Yéeactance wih Arequency.
AA Re Anroug Wir POre CAPACHIOT, Only, Ewa ge
datagram » Loave Form “of Current « Vora a
and meee sary wmyathemanear expressron =
Dnalyseis 7 Oe. ue
LI SproAnalyms” ae (Roby Res R-L-¢ Circus,
PIES TA MAIY WS | lof!/ Pawallely AHL 5 Bre coe
TS Crea,
[BAS~X 1) Reganane!? Gp VAS Vertes -evreuit: ae
DAL Resonante of Ac Parallel civeuir
241 > Related numerreal Problem
2tes
este
SPSHey Prt erasthS Jo not:
ae PEO. putas Jo Paoite
Three phase System SVBU 9 0y
2 BAT Creneranon sh’ Se Nortages »-Pnagse Sequente»
( 20rr 71 Pager Sequencer av conmieciton » Neutra pelt
B2—> Nate ap) Neltage and currenit, in Star and 0
(27-4) ) 1 Connection > lealanced. SP Steve
USB He Power esnsamed ley vStans Connee ted
(Bes 3612 Neavanged Nadie sv. wg pyr) a
34 rir Etpectiob embalanted load in 3 Sys re
Rip ib Grhenay MWrotigh the Mental.
i?
1915) P1StOW etka Jay delta 18Xare convertion
123-6 He) Relared onumelprear: PTebr\ems
1p
PNW lp oly
et MELH:Unea-2
DC Network Theorems ana Cireutt Awalysis
Dete __ Page —__
Mesh: Cotrent: Analysts) tu ‘ ’ ;
[Inomesh Corrent s Kirchnaht's NoWage Laws (KYL)
rappted te A Network oe airealt From Wis Network we _
Wane xo Lorite mesh cquation wo tesms of Mesh covvent. _
Were we are Using Mesh current iwstvead 64
ramen: Curtent. > !
Here each mesh 1s assigned A_ Seperate mesh curvent
ASSaMeE: Anat Ae wielh current vditecttion tS Clockw(Se-
Then ENE fs Applied | to We Network TOowonte equatrons
wo terms of Unknown Mh Current:
Y A Guat B Re pe
a (Fae AA
al. :
Nome t } Ra J=e
i Te
F vi Epes ty a)
Procedure for mesh Current Tay Svs f=
+||Mark all tne possible loyaneh current OA loop cavrent
Draw he Correct etreuisy dagram and. name All the
| possible b¥aach—cenmrent oh wot, Junctions Cnodes)
aS ANG, cere
Eee Some assumed. divection . Wote. twat whe
t
Wot be negate.
swmed Current may we correct oF may ve wrong.
[4 as ABSumMed Curren direction KK co
+8 Answer comes cut te be posixive , Otherwise tT
Qe al Pe ee ee eee
GURUKUL.Date ___Page
Mark these current “Using Rirchhe4t4's/ Current Law ap
uw.
eaas tyemimimize Hyiee nan wer f'h LUN eN%on Crveng
Sat. nade Ayethe curren, Tr gers divided inte tuo
FT talleatywen tae Perret ter beige ime = inla MMON Pad 61 ov
Jo bEsrt? ry FARTS ol BBE on te oF
\W.[Then Apply KVL +0 the Various “closed earthy And Lori,
the COTES POHANG simultaneous equat'on, ee
eV hy t29
Ye ser etersgeee KW boripke pee eet
will gewer Aedes SimulhaneousiPequaron and. obtain the
magnitude: ANd MKEBION » of Alle UWeNoLon Gayrent.
dist) Adee COONAN foo i
vile can then USe anknown currant jer whe eae
of ankenwwo voltage} power consumed oy Narrvout :
components. Wey |
gis } \
s \ mnt
st f z
Inthe abee Ctra diagram
Tr Woop ABEFA Grist fererray Zoe wo)»
MW = TR 4 Gia) We
Stepan os oR Rar TiRaper Carrio toed
(2s tell Ne 24 WOR ARe oie Le Ahoy ees ul. Oy.
i >t
Again, In loop QeDER
Pee CAL Ng | TaRahes ine BV REC! Glove) 9
or Nab el Sp Rae Dan Bagh Wr:
OM) Ata TeCRawegy = Day D> &
vite bs. Tea eva ga
borer
[ : Pd a ee
GURUKULfn loop Agena,
Now = 30% + G-w)alo
tae ~ Jol +iet= ras
= 4N-h-6
ere =
4 Dep G07 EG
Go = TASS (BoFr) xl0
ER Ta eh
© =6fo-3) = :
> 6t~6 —@ sits
oy
es,
Putting He Valuc of £) trom
4 (6ta-@ aS =o me
are oe
oy 362 28 Iy—
= on Ba = AS86 Aimp. a
ngaln, fn BO"
12 @ “4 i= Ba.
Vee el Ns
Ai]
or 11> 398 Aap.
G@URUKUL,Tr ltop ABEFA, ‘
Qo = Uxdo + NAF 428( Nyda) - cp
oy Qo = ATO 4+9L,~af> =
os 20> aqh-Ifa_—@
tn lop @edE8,
Bo = tela térat al %_-n)
oy Go = 1822-91,
&, Ts 1829-30
=
oF, = 9fo «5-H @
Putting the value of 2, trom eqs O+00_- Z
oy 20> ASSin- UBS -alo
oo 454 Pas aa
To 0.80 Amp
pealry 90 = ads, -axtaa Bite satin
ee 2a aaa
oy, T2199 Amp is ANP ae an
I
GuavaIn tvop AGERA
Q0 = 408, + 5C S-Ind
o Qe ASS) -5So
%~ ms A5f,-20
5
6. fo= 30-4 -O
In lop BcDEB
Bo = (6t40) Tq + SC fa-H)
& > Ate -5h
% So = an(3t-4) -5%, CU Prem aod
0 30 > 635) -84 - 53,
oy SH 58h)
on 3) > 6.93 Ame
Putting We Value er f) in eghO
310193 -4
GURUKULDate _____— Page
Saas
\2
TPina Me Current and Power fn
6A. resister
Dh loop ABEFA
| 1410 = 9ot) + 6a-Sa)
[oy Me > Wh -6y —O
Sn lee BCDEB
-9o = 5Po+ Wfq-s))
oy 790 > 53) 46S, - 65,
~90 = 44f.-6h) -®
oy
Solving © ana ©
i]
| 290 6 f, -6 Lo
3x3
= 30 443Ta-76r, 3x8
=150 = aos pa.
on Ta > “6 Amp
Now, A4o > 96x ~ 6(-0
6, 14o = 96 L, 436
%
26D) = dey
oy Day Amp
Novo, Pours, ?
oR
=r Sy xe
= +6) x6
= boo.
GURUKULi Date
Page
[Pirate Caren tn Re
Qh g Rae
| n lwp ABGHA
Ago = Aer, + 42(-Pay F
5
490 > 43, + 105-99
AY > A6%- Arh —@
Tn loop acres
Fa
—9€Ta-Ta) - 659 > 42 M-H)
~0i24 32g -6to = nergy ~A20y
NAY 4 ADE +982 A6Dr -JPQrO
ALN 4, -Gheo -@
Ln loop COEF
-I5 £3 — £4 * 90 Ig-Sy)
oy ~!83, = 9%-9h
oy -9fa +218 =p —(MID « -
Expressing tre Above eyh in matin de
Re VR eg | fem anes
aE a
wie 2 Bors = Ler ok Rae gy a ari (eee ae
: By Cramer's Mule ;
~ ~ joe 22) -
a ine ses Tie i ed
\-4 0 ms
t [= teC aag-al) r12t-80)
i | = to3e8-38tk -
- |_ = G480 =
F i
1 Ayen zene Eee
1 . a7 4
Pr I : 5 mn “
L |= sno yo4 5 4 + fof Fo4 or
L \ [4 ol %. an | ke a
a | = 7720 beat
uy l Gu es
‘ eozlte 9 6
i hia eg
8 © aa | ; 2s nhs
=e sf ns | Av \ 9 ©]
| o 1 | o aa t viel
| = D398
| Oa2 | te EOE MEA Oe) :
Haas ° |
[0 kat. ole Gy “Ss
~ ae O} All -in op Mon) a fal
3 0] [ro =i o 3)
= 19.960
GuRUKULDate__Page
= 4) = FO = 10 Amp
4 6480
tn2 49 = 33886 > 6 Amp
os 64KO »
Pye 3 5 1ndbe FO pay (Cuvrent fr Rg)
4 GAR
|| Pind 2) Lo and Dy
Th loop ABGEPA
Fo = Sib t Q4m) 5s 40-2393
5O > 182, 4 554-30 -0
Sm \oop BeHerB =
(o> Mas (HATS + Corda) na
do = Ars SSae SD, 4 Ear L3
lo~ SSF elars3—O
Zexpreston In wettest, term
$n tovp CADED
-5 2054 tha) a 47-4) 9
pare Ta
“5 > Bh tla tah -G)
Or \\3 = -3
ft
aH
a \8 18) | = 45u
V4
eat
sas
GURUKUL,Date __
+ \ Lager
S50 | W4
5] 1) |
2310 & pe
Val
[-s4]
a6! [..
= 155-205 ~150
= N95 re) co
(Sor ] 1% Se 3
i Fe tet
as ———
= AS et = soy
| ls4q° eg
= Blo — eo -1s = -885
45 2 (al Sse
ie Me i
Ses
=
{
Tt -5| 3 s[s0) ss
2 Se +50] 5 3):
iB
= 790-9 +450 i
4 3956
| Po > 22 3 92985) A - 098 Any
a ‘35e
By >) Sas =
4 358
& £
Azg = é
YP auRvKoe =Date ___ Page —_
Super position Theorem
Superposttion thesrem States that (in and Ninear network
Containing two or mere Source “hat vespond aw any element
ts equal +0 ne algerie Sun ot regpence caused toy tndtvidual
Sure acktng alone, While other Soure Ave von- opera ted
Te while. Considering Aner ef tect ok individual Soune othe
deal VoHage Source And current Source In athe network
rare veplaced by stort eaveutt Amd open arvelut Across
Ihetr +exwminal-S = Be
akg 3035 Ape
el Using, Current atvider rule
pis Ty Re eee
RitRo a
| > 236% 6 ao a Flas
546 2408 oo ee +
ae | step. 2% pega) Gne 3ov Seurte and short oct ib
weap ot
7 Ry 1S
ry = GOGH }
t =i =; +
papi Rs = 3.93 4 6k Ry and Ro Bee wn x gemied 4
| = 4 ogr f +
!
|? Ta tenyeot te term soe i surah 6-098; +
Bas :
| = ‘T14 PE = = * : - |
L
ct LSahnd ie te ee
er er
Uso, current ~ divider aot geese
u
4 Atm Re os
Rytha
Te a te
—— lorsDate___Page
— em =
Now, current in FO Yesistor , T > T'+ x)
~ ast lur
38 Aue
Raz Va + Ve Cparasiv)= > ~
6, Age 330 shat s on
iP
Req = Ut Les (Senex)
> 5-88 idl
Treasy
R
= aA
= te
S890 om NF Amps
Aissteasory
“ 3 :
Current divider Tule,
aEDate _
a & Ronee ae
Step 9: Oeackive the ov. Seurce and =
CH = OH Amp)
Teng Gurren divider TWe A
|
Ea
RurRa
pea
BAY
= 0-02 Am
a
Now, Curent in 32. pearson DB Tha Des
= hte ounDate Page —__
7 a. || Find he Current Ih 6.2. resister iad
=
sel een eee
“Ty T TE
= 66.0 “
T= Sy
Ren.
= lo 2 So
66 ah ~ .
i =\3-18 Amy. shad
Usiva Carnrent divider We
tl= Tir Ry
RAR
La) PRIDE WD
anh - FF
yore
WPA OrtDate ______ pag
1 oy Rg = 2
j
—
7 —| Ard Req = 249 a
> AAD
1 _
a | Curent Ta = 60 =
Il 44
i
u I = FUG Amp
“goa |
Sing Carrent divider re O87 5
9 ont
{| I" s+ mA Qo Ses
| = Raha e242) —
f }___2 94s» 3.
| 346
I = hl Auap aa.
ws,
__ Current Ww
ie tT
een ef 62 rerrtion, + srw
SD ie RE ee ed
- <= NOn95 \,¢}
88 yp
———___ pm ts
j GURUEUL
Bee.Date ___Page
Ro oe Ne.
on Ro ~ 4.93
Req = U8 ¥S a.
> 928.0 z
current Sis y
Ree ory veelvib cretns
2
Sectey
3.08
CBing Current divider Yule "©
Ub tk ke
z EAR Don te
807 A
@ ae
= O06 BuyDate _ lin
na
Torep 12 - Oeactive rhe sow Source And Sher trea,
Reg = 9-454 343
7945
current, Tq = ON vee
Ren,
! 238 ey Fash
345
= 6.54 Omp.
ja
Ostng Current dINISOr ute.
aN Ey 1 Ra:
> Rit Re,
} ois) nb
y (846,
gH BU.
3h MIL iL
Now, Curerent (i 15.0 resistor, D> T4g!
et A om Oder Ong
i ae ea = OM Amp.
GURUKUL 4Date____Page
| Find He Current in 3.2 Yestster
Step 12 Peactve 2ov Source and. shert ctreait ft
Ray 5.0
= 8x5 > eho
543 2 BANDS Aap =
GURUKUL - 4»
eamesDate
Wy 30 yestsior , T= Ty +Ta
FINE 4he current Ww 10 yest$tor ;
+ ae
|
=P
oy
or Ra > 6.038 Abie = ©
c Reg > 0.038-4005 aw
GURUKULDate
USing Gurtend divider Tule,
Te Dx ge”
Rita ©
= 28.99 x 605
oF,
> A409 Amp
Sep!2 = Veactive 205y secure and Short civeult
AM
Ra 005 a
or, Ag = 004g
Rey = outs O04
= 6-083
Current, Do = Y
Req
> 115 -
Oost
= 94-434 Amp.
Using Current divider rule
T= ton hy
Rae
> Q4U3d % coy
ve4
GURUKUL + 940 AmpDate____Page
—==
trent ty 4a restgtor» I?
* a 10g r 6:94 9%
+ 11049 Arp.
Rind dhe Chrrent in he (oad, using” Sdper postion Hnearem
ia tb) A
we
Step: 4- Deactive ae Woy source znd Shorr otras
ANAM
aap Bae te |
Mere Rg = 340
sia Bly bf St
> fo
he >
ee
0, Ry > 9.950
# ¥
Pus, Rey = 240% 395 ——
74 —--
core Ti ay
Rey, WEANY
> Be : ae
aay ae eee SF
ach Wa eT
‘GURUKULBite Page
Using Current Aivider PWlenl el vi!
sie TrRo
Arn.
= 958 we 6
lore
> 0:96 Amp Qo 4
Step:% Oeactve Ww Source And short Crrantt | s
ver, Rg = ato =4n
Rh = S44 > dor
g goer = = ¥
)
Re Ra Ry
Re Me ge
on Re = 9.95
And, Rey +935 46
= tee a aS 4)
Curren, Ba > NY
Rey, : Y
= Ue K oh
EBT s |
= 4.61 Avia
GURUKULf Using Guvrent divider tale tele
o ON Ep Roe at ae
fe BAR nae fiat ey
fe ~ 451 xe 4 pee
i iu
Jory
> 1:94 Awp-
Currents me joad , T= Thy th
= 0964 Lag
> 9.95 Amp
Rina Ane current Using - Superposttion theorem
eects.
Step'4- Deactive sv Sourte ana Mort orceelt
1 and ave
deactive UA Source ANd “Open eeyoars ik
GURUKULDate ___ Page __
srep:2- Weacttye WOR and OA Source Bnd Open chery thom,
TY sey, - Fe
Ren. id
GA MOD Th z
17 450 x
BLOT! QNDE Sitecpht ir bat
jjstep’3: Weactive for Sourte and.short erent tt and deactve
Lon -Souree- and. -open -clreuit Se b+
[2S nt sce cia pore
Qoo
= BeAM, ” 7
Tora current, Ti = 30 + 065 -40 cae
x ~ 0-05 Arsp Se .
~
= A
GURUKULNodal Analysts
eis 4 ——
— Mas 4,
Advantage wat minimum number of equation Need 40 be
swerain +o determine the Unknown QuantHes .T+ rg
[Satted Jor netwertes having many paraliel Orcutt coty,
Common ground. Orenat equation of Mrs meMod ever
iL jomerton “in the mettoork Lshere Wo or More elements mel
ts Tequarded as Mede One of Hrs i's Vequarded a¢ the
vefrence node or zero potential node.
pias
[step-4 At Nede a.
= Ne
qos er Oe SMDate page
@,| Find _ Mw ana No
eee
Ai nede 2
67 ™ YW
mot 8
on 5 =) 8M + fey ~l0Ve
a 2910 yw =.0
oy, 150 ~ A3N, -to. - ©
at node 2 me
O Ge Naat gS ys Vee ©
3 5 lotto
ov, 0 > 20Va-2o\n + 19Na + Wo
60 £
ot, B5Na ~2ovr 2
oe B5Vo 5
i 22 n= GDS
Putting tne Valbe-of Mein seg? O
150. = 13% 95, _ love,
20
6% 3000 = USBNq ~2ooy,
ov Yq 96
Now Ny = 35% 46 :
29 a 5: 2th
> 20.59 y
GURU,Wa Vy Na and V9 ac
in othe Cf
t At node 4,
o= Mole | Y-ve w-Yo Nu
ish: 3 3 es
I om 0 = BVir%t 10V, - loa t10Nr - ten + 6%
F e
i or 30 = 29) ~20¥e - D 7
i ano =
I g
E AA nede 2,
3 a
oy 5 = UN.-UV 3Nq-3¥4
6
or, Bo > -4\y +9V2- 38¥9 — @
oe 3; > -
OS NG ANA Vana V9
2 mim 4 ‘
ty Ng = Ba 4 a 4 V9 :
[
G
oy 0 OF 7Wat log —@D
Sw Whamige ce 2G
GURUKUL
4Date page
Solving eg O,Dand GD vy matrix merwd — a
E , I Bo a oe
Bo
Top ial
bra = 29 -20 06
4 oF 8 i
o 3 Ie
{iste 44 I “6 “47 {
299 | F638
3 7 wel. o_tel « | o -3
= 99 (40-9) -4 20 (-Uo -0)
A469 CH B00 = { 9f eo =
ee 2 Lasesl
Cow Ay = [30 -
go ss
° -3 \o |
= 90° | F738 | "9s [30 -3 | 4 0 | Bo 7 B
-3 Iol o pel o 3 Z
wv OP eae
= 30(Jo-3) 4 x Joo
1$30 + 6600 ag
4330)
GURUKUL=_ Boo 4 1200
~ 9900
for ag =| 29 -20 30 |
(2a. er den” Se |
+ i 2 ° -3 °
= agit J. - =
i = ae 30] 420\-4 Ze] 4 90\-u 3 |
} | Too] Vo -3 |
i
i = 29 rGo + And + 30x10.
4 = 26lo 4 360 ver a =
4 | = 2970 =
4 :
lf stow, Vi = Ar
eo
j
+ ee
GURUEUL
passa yPage
Ar node nn,
5 = No’ Na “Ya
oy, 30 = 6¥o 64 Va-Vg oe
oy, Go = -6W 4 Fa -Ve -O ~ a
At pede mr {
6 = Vg=Ny | Ne-Yo 4 |
. g a pg 6 Sa ee
Oy OF A5VyriSy) te
30
AS vent Oy gage SA Aree S|
[
oy 0 = ~ISNy- 5Ma 4 26%, = OD
‘GURUKULa
San D vy mone method —
Setuing me en” Of
ae
= M1 (189-5) 4 6(-66 -15) -% (304 105)
= WFP 4 OE1F =3 HIG
| = Agu7 ~l026 -405
! > 516
= UO (142-5) ten g99 —¢ re
> Foto + 4630 +uso
> p20
fale eS
|
| GURUKULDate et.
te 8 — : ; -
BO hg -
o ab
7 :
fete af Es se
6 26 |o 6 96 | a
= tn asor ste G56 se) a used
= 3580 + GeUo -1050
= luoqo
gabe, taphey) sith ON
a3 = ([u Shae aie ae
cia
a5
J
5 oy 5
ae a wal)
= nF el +6| -¢ 30] ;
5 2.24
auele 4
\as ° | Se a
= nets +6 Kuso 446 (304105)
t = {650 * 2900 4 5400
= 9360 : =
2
NO Ny oe As Vane
a~ Rind af = ude
i}
| Ng > Be ere .
ae 516. aa
Soe ae - |
At ge ae
, * = (959
Graben,
aa mati’~ agai,
Fe Power in 6.4 resister) ©
tend NT IN SE
= = (99.99 -18-95)%
eth 6
er = Wa0u wat
Lc ———j
F =| Wetermme the Current in the given CKT:
a ai]
6= Vw _
NA 4 M4 Bie
4 3
6 SeaRE -
a" ae 1M Se Cries]
av, -aNy
+ Ni + yj
4Date ieee
pt ede BY
Bi = Nes) spraila
4 6
on 3M > 3¥o -3V, 4 Ve"
3 =.af 19
BeNy = 24a ~94y 416A i
6ov, = ora
of 90 (aut Ya) = 2eNa
3
320 4 30Na _- = LONE 4
Gove = 420 =
ov Na = OUVe
Now, uy 2 24 New = é
3
= auegy
3 2
Pn ee ies
current, > Ne” 34 (0 ~2Vé
3 °&
ale ve
B29 Pap vi
{ 2
GURUKUL[Fina Vy, ana Va Using Noda! Analyss
ee. Nie 4
3 6
o, Fz I + WM -¥e
| 6
oy U9 = BN oka :
oy Na = oN -4e —@
AA node rs —
42 No 4 Va a
: us ve
i oy 1 RNa 5M + NG + Om |
i 0 7
FARO AR, - 5 .
oy $e = Ioan - 49) -5\,
ov, “Fo > For) - Yao, -5V,
{ Wage SURE
oy NY) ARN
pein, Vo > 3M 40
= dxId-u2
= av
GURUKULett sat Page —_
= - = Ss
@.[[ Find the Current Ins vesrster fou using Nodal Analysts
y, aa
sil @a_nede 1S
6 FM Nh os Sate + Ne
oye 8 = TUN Aer BM = 3Na ayy
agpeer Ae
ty UB > ON, — Bo “2D
a nede 1S Or ®
fo = Na-“h a wee
spay tags ae
or, do > No-¥) + Me
22 tp EE si = 5 3
o Uo > Mi +8¥a— @ - cS
t *gimee seers ie ss
‘ fw, Solving © ard OD $
eR ee U0 S\N HRXe 4
wo 2 - Ny ABA ¥ gh Nags = SON
$3 = 8V
i oN; = AAV ~ eed thai et
| “turrem in UO veritior, T > Va-%
Yyin 46 fe resistor.
she Current |
oF Mode pM Me = Ng
5 2 3
ov, 0 = BP -160 +20) -60+ SY, = 5Va
"ue
ov220 = 33 -Sv
oy Ve > 33V) =990
| 5 =D
A node TD"
O= Vo. Ve=wAlo
fo BZ.
oy 0 = Uva 45¥a - 8460
oY, Qo 2% 0 BY, +60 v-
oo 4 3M) -290) = SV, -b0
$
04 299N, -1930 = 265, -300
&
E wer AAA Ny 1690: yE- ve =28e4tu
4 oy Ny 2 GNF ne
Now, Current WA yer be
t 4 Mer (Ds Me a ae
Ss
fo
GURUKULReel |
Th States “thai Bry two terminal \inear network hawing number
o4 Nottage or Current Source and ‘resistance can ve veplaced
by Simple equivalent cirauit consisting of @ Single Voltage Seuree
im Series wlth resistance Where the Value O4 Voltage Seine:
t$ equal to open civeerit Voltage Across the +wo terminal of the
network and resistance °S equal forthe equivalent vesistance
measured lbetween the terminals With all-energy Seuree ave
veplaced by thelr intemal resistance,
| Step ia Remove the resistance across the Re and keep It
into the open Cirenl4:
Steps? From We Above circuit calculate Vin by Using
Noltag e divider Yule.
| = a
Vin =! VX Re tg
ee
[ ‘ ! neh y
Step:3 Remove +he Voltage Source and Make. + Short ecreest't
and caiculate Ane Rin.
“
Patient peer
@URUKUI
icles
a
5.bad —
Se ta
Step 4 Calculate Curren tm the Re
GURUKUL.Date. Page
F PrN Rie
Rit Ra Ee
> 20% 5 es _ :
~ hot 5
> 667 iL i
Step. Remove Qov Source and Short Circuth It:
oe vy ———
fo Mele
oa Z
| ; 5
Qian = 4 ees
te+34 eae
= 4330
Current Whe Qe 2
Step 13 Carculate
|| Now, Current “Aevoss Ru, T > Nin.
Rant Re
O6F46
> 05 fapSep: Remene And make i open ctrcuit.Date__Page
Nin
Rte Ru
mei
uty
= - 15 Rep
Current In GO Tegrstor, T >
Pma tne Current In Joa Tesistor by using Thevenn’s theater
eS 2
Anan —t =
or save gl
f
on
20N }
bth.
Step 14 Remove Ai and make is Open pereeatt
SMe tS 4
fay av :Date —___ ag
HN
Say
Shep 2 Remove the VoHage Sources and Her erat
en |
=<
a |
Now, Rin
F
a 4+ Ap
|
”
$42 0
Step'3 Caleatate the Current Across AL
a Rah =9-49
=
GURUKUL,Va = Nix Ro e Vo > Mix Qo
Qt J QAR
= loox 6 = (vox 8
lore (5t3
= B45y = Base
Now, Vin = Va-Yo L
= 345-3498 =
| Now, je a ae
Ran lore 158
yy 2 9485 A
tt
Step !Z Calawtate te duvrent ale Re f
GURUKUL
PoP eT| Vin=doay
Alow, Corment oress Ru, T= 299 ~
44345
=_O13 Aup
Find Ane Current WB VEsistoy. e
Ga. { wie
ow T
a (8 wa
uo.
Step :2. Remove 30 resistor and make ct open crveatt.
i 2 i ae
_|[ Here: Net Wowage= gu
28> tev
GURUKULCurrent, i> Vv
¥ aye Tey eh yy =
Petey
GaUuay ae 5
N88 AP Saini =
Nin 2 Bt UR133 :
=13.39V
again, Ra = | +4 :
fala 14
Yury
= 6670
Sep:2 Carcosare he Covent 21¢ QE
Bl amsesan bg
ao .
z -
rc E ve
A
Now, Current In 32 reastor, TF We
a. Ren teu se
fe = 18.93
: (aa -
p = 94 Pipe =
mrt; "3 equivalent creat
@./Aind tre “Thevenn's equivalen” _
ee = 4ov
! a
ce
toa an
You ba Ae
| {
ES Guerent, T= y
q
- — -
i (6 = 9.5 Aup
| 7 =
E 3 Ney = 1o+ 605 a
| = 95V ~
oda
Now, the TWhevenng: _Sauivatent Coreuit is aes
oth Mette.
Ga ei a eaeDate Page
Norton's Theorem
Lt States “naa any 20 Aerminal | Imneae Derwork Loy Current
Sourte ,Voltage Sourte And yesistante Can be replaced by an
arth rearsiante.. Value 4 “Current Source 1S the Short Cireute
Current between too terminal Network and the Tesislance
We equivalent vesastance measured Wetween We teminas
op -hee Nettoork votth all Energy Souree ave Yeplated by I't¢
tnternat ne 81anee.
step!4 — Remove The wesistemee AL int given “fermin at
ard Shoot civteett Auress thea « }
Step'2- Calculate te Shoricirerit Current ane given Grture
by. stag Current divider: rake: oo)» A[ step'3~ Remove “al
rearsiance vt ang S
Source ‘replaced by Open Cireult Ard Calteuny
] GURUKUL=
t Date Page
= =
7 above figure, A load Tesisianse of RL tS connected Across
-— He derminat A ans B ofa network onion Consist of BH
Fe | generator 4 Emg CE) and Interna vesisiance CR) IS Sevres
~~ Tutt vesiStance A
“Interred Resistance = aR a2
According +o the theorem Ri IS abstract matimum POwer
1 - =
in-he Network Lohen, Ry> A. . eee
Alovo, checerit Current (D> E
wet
Pour Contumed byte load rs, Pe T7
i a7 2 <7 pee
eee)
A
4 nary) — (Brerr. dl ais ey
oa ECe
I
‘GURUKUL .
& ieee rte ae bee epeers | et
ake a Aye QU
| For marian ‘powers a. me
1 _— qoccm SSS
+t ii aT
_|| se, ————
(r+ eu?
or, et AW 1 iM MRVTL 26
dee ae =
oe Grey
for We) A- m.
DavrQry .d (ve) ag
ake. z
coenetade Res W)4ao
2 (GAC os ae e
oN -RtO ee
oy RE
‘GURUKULont - 2
Ac Fun damenials
Date _____ Page
Qaneranion of Avernaning Voltage and Current.
An alternating Noltiage may be: generated by Col tn mag
ace @s_ Shown tn Atgure. By Tolating a Magnet 4
jorvengtn 04 field. and Speed at
yolates. An atrerwalng NON2g eDate ___ pags
Equason of Alternating CAtrent and Voltage
ee -
oe is ayo
Rotating EIN =
eye a ty
7 Fal
x ++ 5 St
V
ae
Le 1 |
je | |
}—- \
: !
y
Consider Yeeranguiar Coll Wy
A Untlorm magnehe Yield us
marctenunn Hux bin ts Inked
In Hime (t) see Te cof yo
auing A durns and rotating th
Nhs _anguiar Metou'ty of Lo rad/s
Wit Cot cohen Goimerae voit Xan,
GURUKUL Yeah ry bs.Date __ Page
= a
Aconding + faraday's Jav> of electromagneHe tmnduction.
The ert Wduced Inthe Coil Vs given ly Tar of Change of
Hux Wnkage of Coll: Hence Wwe Voliage of (Ndused ems
i - = i
2a Bry instants
ib _ Bu ius es
€2-a Ng
dt
- aa :
o @ = -d (NO swt) i
at
oy 2 = -N: do (BLesot)
dt
LL t e = N& Wsinwrt —
L d in
voren tne Coll turns wrougy Jo’ ve Sty lot = 4 Ov @~ 90".
Hence € becomes maximum Value
! ewan = NOmo — @
1
Subsidy sue Value of ema i egrD, we ads
e= emar Stinwt —GD
Similarity, Te en" _ok induces | alternating current 19>
Toman Stn wot ere S|
ae aK a
\
Some Superiant ferns
Frequency — .
Tne humour of Cycle “Harotigh “that eceures Mone Second 1S
Called frequency, of tHe *Alernanivg -quannity. £416 anit
Hert (He):
GURUEULDate
—_———— Pare
Time, Period —
: ae 5 \
The Hine Perted taken In ore! "Second *o_ Com plete ones
Cacle ef an Alternating quantity sca ed Hw
Me: Perey
of
Amplitude —
he martmum Voltage Cive
NO alters by one aliemaae
Also Knew oa
quantity {8 tts amplitude Dp AS. pear Vand
[the ampiitide o4 an Alternat
V4 Voltage on
foy Vig or Tan. auntie
[Aveqrage Malte — acaas
Sane Hee EaaREaER em
[The Bvermge Value oF AKON ENG ea,
no Tmo
a
rent Or Voltage 1's
Ment OT Voltage t's
Zere (0) over she one Cycle De 's be,
ACHY” Cancel tne >. CAE Positive aver
IOxzr cate ST" Pecan
Mea However nal
NzilKe ($ not 2, Be
4 Cyote average
Por current, 09 55 SP pegs oe
PE eo Twen Sinae
GURUKULL<
Avg Value en) > {ao
We
= ma
= Ime [_ etn 0) |
Te ci]. °
= Teer [-G-1)7
mu
= 2 Sman
re
Por ‘vo’ \tage,
Vag = Van Siniot
Re
Avg Nalue (Way _= if + Ad
= [ __Vman Strode
Ake Nh
= Vmax C-(Cosr - 058) 1
Shr :
Tip. = wax [=u ees)
Tonide wat
GURUKUL Te
“aa!RMS value or EfpecHve value —
The effective value ab pukerna tinge uments Hat ste
of Stedy dtvect Current whith produte ne some heay
5
[direct current cohtth veswWt tn the Same direction e:
[ot energy underthe Same Condthon .
For @:- When-eurerg Wwe say that Jee RMS Or ettective Val
LO 4 Aremmng Current 1g FA tt means Anect the zu
{| Wt Produce heat. At the Same vate of oH civeet Cu
Produce Same heat Stmilar to Alternet nay | Corre
|
het uz See hoc RMS Malue of Avtemating Cumann t j=
Can be CAaleatated 4 AWS Bkternakng Cunrent 96 pasnng
Hough a Pesvstance RINMAN power dewites At many ins
| torantanesus power Rarer
#
j
ANG POURY delivered oe =OBe, =
Sivee, Rog Constant a
Panay ———#
Suphete Tome tt Cheore Wane ob UR oa Gar enw
as Bikennatng Corrente means oe direct canrent re
magne Fo stg “ge a See eM
Will preduve Pour 18 given by nee
La" a
AlOed,
io ag
GURUKUL F slPage
Prem ea" © and @
Po = Pa Ey 7
1 Wes = Ry AR
ey Sema > Sibu xR ; =
Ingiantenesus Value of current , i t= Taso
- He
L =
wtf fie
7 { ve
eli [ Gusine* ao
a ee £026 ae al Ve
ac J [
4
=| [ air 4 f d0- (os 2040 { anc
in ‘ 3 |= [Zs] sio-a8
- \ ees
Im [on - Svein aoeSint* oO
a axl fx Tew) 2 Stato do!
\ met
2 Pm 9( 27-0) *
aint [eT xe ces (20-4) 08
: nen pL ONE Gee
=I phe
ae
- SHO" 2k
~The (o- 222
4m :
GURUKULTa yor
[Consider an alternating wave of Hime geriod See a3 Sheon i gue
| Mote “that Ane time 1S counted 4rom the instant Aue yottage ff
J2ere. The maximum posiive value otcar at Ta vadtan. (tr rcaw
[hat THe pha cycle SHAME ANA Vin Lolll owes at Tay, Sex Sitar
[frm plate of negative peak Vin OceR at Wy Hence the prose ot
a garntatar value of ah Alternating quantity ys practtonal part
re femod or Cascle through Lolteh “He quantity Woy advante
qrom he Seteoted poaltion ot Te{mente.
# | prase Ordperence 7
tten
When two altermazing Quanity *+ Same 4requenty Nowe
arperent 0 point they are Said te be nave phase deterence]
Ty Ae cirteit Voltage and Current generally Mave dperenr
prase. Yo oer words “ney dons pass “Hrreugh 2 pamncetar
iA Say OPIN? in wo same directron ah te Same ins tant.
mut. Voltage ray be passing (ws © point hile “the Cewrrent
9¢ gee pasegey press
Wat passed ov {+ \oyetapesttive yea parsed rough (415
Zero POM (Wwe Sama diveetion. We can Say net Voltage
Laud Cavrent have phase AHiwente We angie between 1
Ze pant vs Cawed phase difprenee. The quant'ty - owe
passes Awrough ‘tS cere Postion or on'gin eariter YS Said
pees leading while Otter ( Said to be (agging. Thur im
[4agure Voltage ¢s leading Wee Ceerrent - sThe equation 64
voltage and Courrent vs:
Ve Vn sin (uot +B)
r= Lm Smet -¢)
Ac through _ ure Resrstemce i
mY
+ aon ii
peor Grider an altemating Voltage“ Nsw Siquot 6 aepived tooa pure
k resistance QR. The Inslemtaneoud Current "8 Pasta Sietat
; { eas ea. Tey.
i = ow
n = Vw Snot
iad 5 a ~@eae
[The Value of correry canrrent stl! oe Wr
go’ then , ee —
Ts Vw SEESESSSap Aol antsoaanh 7s Se
R
\r= Sm St He eeociabeeeaersess
Toe Clear thar applies Voltage and Current are tM
i fact can be Shotoh ty phator dtagTam:
1 =
aig
Fxg Prater Diagram
+ Ad we Phater dragram Ml
NOW,
P= V xt “ndtamawioud (power,
= Vim SADA _¥ Ban Squat iF ovettuse oe
= Va Pa Stutugh tte cle
ae
pet
GURUKUL aDate __ Page
Avegage Power = I Vay Sim
fq wave form of Sm "eot
BR x] pe awrouch Pure Inductor
LES ETP-
[te |
[ 2@
Ve =Noa dinate
Consider an alexnatng Voltage V > Amiinwt ts applied fe gq
pure inductor of (viductante An altemating Cerrrens Hows
inreugh tte Mdurter and &eds up an chamaing Wa ete qreld
eg Mog IMAGO
Gerppole tat Te Value of applred Rorentiat déthiehe Abriwe
13 6 N= Vw in vot — © _
By ust HL Mt 9e4 ; ;
N= Lot
“dt
oy, Vastu > bot
de
: o Wt Nia btw’ .
if t
sawegattuy on bet sfdeDate_____Page
a
{ f= fowsint at _ os
2 J e —
- oo i> Nm (Cos wt ie)
f us wo 7 - :
’ ™ it -vmcadtal - _ - _
2 ol : a
oi Ym Sino Kg)
wl
Nalue of t Lot! be maximum volt Send Sint \4 A So,
Tm Vw
vol
bey Star - 7) -@
Fig: Wave deragram
GURUKULcnt
——
Date _ Page
From eqh Dans @ i+ vs Clear swat Went lags tre
Appred voltage by Jo" Ts 1 Shovo Phaser avagram as
wel As wave dag ram
Ac through | geave Capacitor
i
N= Vinsiniot
Consider a pure capacitor o{ capactante & Connected to an
|atternating Voltage ts given by Vv = Vmsinut —@
Let atHme 1’, f bette carent 4 bette Charge of am Conpartor
GE CV = CMa stant
Alow, cerrait curser j= dq
dt
_ Viz d Cumstawt)
dt
= cvm (Si wt)
dé
| 4 zw Wevm Cor wr
~ 7 CMa wd 8 in(oot + Wa)
—_| ; : ,
—_] MH value of | wall be wanimum Lowe Ginot 2) = 4 Her,
—— hrm * CV
—
te | =_twan (Stn wt + Re) -@
~_|
GURUKULDate __—_ Page
—
{+ 1S clear from 2940 4nd @ thet Cautrent lean Ne Apphed
Noltage by To or 96"
r
x = —
bis >A }
Fy Prater ategram
Fig Wlawe aragyauy 4
Q.50V Crmg) , (SO He IS applied across sue. circu consvstthg of
gure resistance 200
i. Pind tae Comrent lowing Hwrough ste ctreant
ii || Power absorige by Me cfrcocit-
tii: | Give an expression of ‘Voltage aud Corrent -
Ora Wwe wae @nd Phaser diagram,
Gaye" -
Rossiause , 2~ Qo
Vin = 150
R 20
te] Cument, > Nay. 260 _ _ at
ae
soe
= 125 Ap.pone cos B
Date ___Page
=
(1) Power) P= Nae T
= Vomsn2A t Su eeea
24250 Sse WII KEE = PURIDS SW UTIY XE
> 353.53. Msi d = HT eH DYE
+H if i fr \
1 ates ar a
| Wi N
1 —Paabe it a
Wane
A. |Votrage and Curent 4treugh a Cirteti etements are
Lvs 52 SH Butt sS)Vout , tt lo Sto Brae + 325) Any,
Vz Ven Sinuok i> iw ainuoh
| $2, ig = 5? sey tw = to
Yemk = 52 lug ~ Sam 0
Ae Te
23535 = 707
tL D
k | @> 325-66 a
Pana = 270° Hee fH
¢~.
i Pout, P= VE corp ;
thw y = 35-95 707 XC 270
© uoeeyPage
: e
G.[Notage ans Carrenr trrough 2 Cireuit eenont rev
| vs (bo Sim (gran #45) Veit
Lie 10S Gy e431) Aug
pea ee power dimon by Inductor , Rind te VesUe Of tduttur
Aor) ty? Noy
pore wl
| aw tt > rn
\ Om XL
| ojo O¥34 xD) L = 100
cy Lz 008 Henry,
RABE Vrs = Voy Swag = Yon
| ae Te
T
| = (eo aie
i wy ae
27011 = ].07
T
| P= VL COD a
{ = Fodl ¥7-0F Cos (319 i ae
[ aorta itt
I
1 ~ see peeecesculase cite
i
——++ Aseeseee eae eens eae
H
See ae
ee aDate __Page
Oe R-L Serves exrcet a
I pee By
@
Consider AN AC Cerent ConsSHry of R.A and tnductante of
LW Gonneted In Server GS Shown ty Aigure, Let the Supply
frequency (4) and rdlowing he eitcatt T Amp. «
Now,
Moliage dyop ale R = IR
Mig rep ate t= Ty,
The Appies vollage being equal to phaser Sum |p ye ana Ve
ve {Qos aut
= fae + Ky?
se Tat Tent
IC RB4 x2)
= 12
Phase Angie (g)
Tan ofDate __.__ Page
© | mpidane angle
qe
Z F SL
IL
| a ek B et
| dig: Notage rrrange 4g! impedamee amrangle
[From Te vig rangle and impedante Anyangie,
{| AS te 2k
\. / L3
| @e> YM = ¥, e
©
|
i acs & se
&
[cr is & inangie Similar to Vig angle te called impedaue
| ariangle The angle between 2 and & Sider of the tmpedanto
[ertangie tS Knecon ad phate Angle oF see currcenih and cottne
“opie Ange 1S Known AL The Power “otter ed ee Oru
[ere i
| % sagt
ee
2 | Poser tontor
>a i
Corg> By 2
eo || Power in A-L Serves arveent 1
Pa RR L
ov, P = TCrR)
a ? ~¥ sR 4
GURURUL SeeQ50N SO He
ze {atau
yr te
ae Qo) *t QR4L)®
= [Wort Qn dA Sev 00ST
Q5Ar 40
o, Tt
we 290 > 25-4OXT
33% Axp
pour 4ackr, cosh &
z
)
= oe
T TB _
= 2 ‘o7t : st
pene eae oo
| frase angie, > tan Cre
free =
R| ria = tan" Ox ¥ SOX 0-05
rac,
Rag eeeDate Page
—=
Q.| A CoN Waving Tesiclane of 7 and inductance 04 34.38 MY
Les connect +8 290V, 5ONe Supply. cerleurate We: cereus
‘ Teurrent, phate Angle, poser aller Ans Pover consumes
‘
j aU Geer Ee
‘ fa —— -
| + 4a ai35H
I 1) 7 Lee 2
t
| oe 4
| I TION SoH 3
f L> 0.035184 > -
fr. rot
b = fat + (ax 34x 50x 0.0318)" -
4 zat S io iH
4 Netz
th 4 230 six aa Z
: eT = 18-66 Ane
pees fatten case go
Se
GURUKUL\ \e\ VV VA
|
i | e
A-pure Mducrance OF BIB mH rs connected In Serled wih Pure
Date __ Page
powers Comumd, 0 =V TOG
= 930% 19-36 * 0-57
=_2HIC9H Worse
qegnstance of 75-2 “te arvcentt oS SuPPyed 5b He Source
rg AW TTA ts dound tO be A5DN Ca\culebe +e Supply
Vey And phate Angle.
C—§}—___
Pe > 53.083"
mL Va > TQ ~ _
| Ne?
|
| Na > 45°
| Ne
1 ,
| z= a at + Qrpar
| ~ af Gat AXBEXTOR OBEIT
| = 124 ene
|_prae angie, = aan 2)
, et, 150 = EAIT
per Ee QAM
_Seippined Voltage » Ve 2 7
— = ey 19489)
7 OHO162 ayDate Page
Rc Serves cirruit
Q cf
—wiw—
SNE SEF
a z
N
[Consider an AC Cirtut of Reswiance AA and capauiante
ie C4 th Seried Connected (y Serves As SHowon Iw Avg
|
| Led te Supplied 4requency 4
ctireugh “the Circuit Fred
| alow, vty drop afe R= TR (it 4}
Mg dvop aC -¢ oT UExe= ash xed
iz and current Alowny
[The zppind Vtg being equat to Prater Sum e+ Ve and Ve.
Ve {eras xP
= tats Rt
= Ertl a> OY
| 2Tz
“The Applied Vig Wags behind the Carrent oy augle 4
fonse Nie 5 The > x A
Ne TR ©
SRpaLe onwegB = or (HE) 4Date Page
power 4petor ,coSB> @
=z
[power 1 P > VI eos 6
_ 2127 pad
e
WAAAY
\
= :
DOBV 50 He
Find L. Power fact? and phase angie
> 427M ype 4 =
Re Toe
z= Pars w)* rz
= | o)*t (1.2 \
~ QITF
}
SSS EEE 92.075
v= iz -
~~ len Career 5 = 16 160
2 314 32,015
re 21 ip A989 Awd
Baa = au
~~ Powur ner, corp? % 2 98 = 0.6237
Pc) 32.075
a ce
o~_| Pree
angle, 9 > sau! yy
Naw (25076 ee
Te
GURUKUL = Bay
bo
r]|Date ____ Page __
—
RL-¢ Senes circuit Ee
R L ¢
See aa
a ak
| consider a AC circuit Considering Teastance. of R, "nduetant,
J of L and capacitanee o4 connected in Serres AS SnowN th
| $Hgure. "
Lethe Current flowing tnreugh ~re cirocit oe EAP ana
[ Sapply Arequency be {Hre Now, Viy drop Alc resistance
Vp =fo,
Vtg drop ale inductance, We TXe
Vite dtep ale capacitance, Ne= T¥e
Ve and Ve ane 480 Out of phate dnt ez Ofur Whercfote
[Kohen Combined ly parallelogram “hey canckld cath often
The Civeeit can ettwr ve mductVe on capaettve .
depending Upon +e cohichWy drep (8 gre- dominent. Let __
US Consider “he case VL >VE b
Wetye .
Pigt Phabe dragram
GURUKUL toneDate Page
The Applied VAg V! boeing equal to “the Prager sum of Meas \. and
NewS given to wagntide
Vy
N= ab yt We?
on = ae OO
oy ea Rt Oe re
oy Ve Te
Where» zeae Ou-x? ¢S Known 2A impedence 64 He cireeete
land tt re represented by? and Unit 13 onms
Dale angiels) bet” viy and current
Gz ranl (Ne-Ve
Na)
ey
= sant (Tx -Txe\
Sinn cae,
"
sat ex»
GURUKUL ST yaetOute Pe
(\Conaition 8:
| : i
Alihen XL> Ke, be Xe-Xe ts gostttve shan He Circe
[AS Inductive avd phase angle ts pesttve:
Q.||When XL< Xe ste Ne-Ke 8S Neqative thay +e Concert re
capacitive avd Pree angle 1S neqative-
Mathen XU Xe, be Ru ¥e VS eguas 4o © ‘Ohm thew Ciyterth
LX Qutdy vesgtve avd te pnae Zoe TS Zero
banat
G | Achoeke Coll having a Yesistante of 400 + Inductance 64
[OOF H Le connected In Semted Corr a loosi4 cerpauttor.
The Nole cireerit Connected +o Qoov ,5oHe Supply . Calerlebo
_fmpedence , Current and power factor, PoLwLr Condumed”
ane Phase angie.
|
O05
read
wr
rT \ wore rene :
ze Tet er
= [et aetna
1 ae 1 me
atte )
4o)* + {28 BAUR SOX OOS _ ~
© BRIE 90 50 > x1OH
= YeTuIn kon. |. —4
GURUKUL 4| power Consumed, P= VI cos go
i = 200 x 10-587 x0529
i > 1107-566 watt
| = daw! / Xu-%
| phate angle, 9 a ( a £)
> taut (32 1 847 d a
18
GURUKUL
esDate Page a
QilAy ems 1h given oy 4
; -
qo sie SAUL V DerermneOmanmum Value
=
| secon Dems aevaiue Drequenty radian Threw wolith it's Westen
- 5
as gone When t= 0004 Sec Qvalue ot emt at Instant tH li),
| N= Vim Sint iz He
ya (70 Si $4 i
|
\ onus z i.
\ O| Vw ~ (Fou i a
& @/ ems Valetvnw= Vy
5 {| aa
‘ | = 170
| la.
| = 120.988
rope perp
es
@ feeavereq tw = Fh -
ow BI4~ ax 9% yt
T
| oy 4 SOHe
gee
WOM ace ee
| Padtan wt
= BI4A 01004
= 0.344
c s
WD] Vo Ye Stor
= 170 x StH ( Orit 190)
GURUKULDate ______. Page ——__
an aremaring current ¢S merthemaHecalty expressed AS yr
aug 4d sin Cus. oats 142) Nott. Bins
apace woe oa
1 v
i Al af
r uae -, Vn
| = 99.95 Vv
WwW to= 2h4
jvetove 9422 4 _
fi 7
mn 47 494 Ho as) PoSeH eee HERE
+ aDate Page
a
Tn a parwealar ofrtatt rhe cutreny t? Given Woy (> 929K
2314+ - Yb) Amp, tre Vig ofthe circuit re Tefrente
quantity detcrmine
{| Poreer 4retor i
ims Value Of Coren t
AW | 4requenty ef current
Pe ISH C3A4t-KiG)
.|| Power fatter = Coss)
= 01864
rT
4 ty, Tews > Tem
[ Eo
= 24
aa
i. = 15556 Aap
B
*
m.) 4oequency,4=
on i.
= :
ame
fetal,
= 50 he
‘The impressed Vtg and Current downy Wwreugh 2 btu
lave VF Sin(Hoot + Te) and L= Sam (uoot- V6)
Determine he phake B¥perence And Power Covsune &
Wate itu
GURUKULa ae Page —__
Phare Atprrente, 6 >
pat P= BI
—— WES
ea a
oT Ar
= 90°
LH — a
oe Vows = Nes tos 2 Ea
: We We
2 Wee =
aes aid
+ 859-553 ¥ 23.535 Ap
power consumed, P= Nrws Ts C8
353-553 x 9 535 x (O39
i =
o wats
An alienating Current of frequency GO He has a wmanimun
Walue of 4% Amp
[|| inthe down the eg” tor ystantantous NAIL
12] Ctnd tee vale Ob Current AAtOr A500. Sat
WO] Pind tee Hae
aren to reach 9.6 Amp Fonte pish Was:
iL iz iw stywr ie Z
= 1a Sty OME
= ih gn Ond14 x60) t_
TC = 1. 8 F784 uaaDate _____ Page —__
Wi = 12 sty Best
9306 = 1A9ns7686
| Sin 877_ = 2-9 God)
aa]
i ae satas
GO. Aw Aiternakny Current Was 2 martin aigiior of fo nits at He
420 fee Cavtent had Value of F Untis and mrcteadthyy in the |
pose direction. Find He enpresiion of te torrent ta the |
L Os form,
martina watur Go) = flo unit
fl: Cerrrent GD) = 5 Units
pines >
| E> Sa Swick _
! oo GF > (p KAwt ,
fee eee re Seed (PRA Sc
i or Stuust
re Swot = Ie
wh Be
Aaa te Sa SA Feet TYE) A
a lof Maat. COM + Corora smorve?
a\e (stung sur 4h \
2 to (SHOT Sar 4 Cosmt
ets o> (ert 915)
| @URUKUL
Sas TV, ADate page
0. || An atterwasding: Curent havivo Sinusoidaily Wwitote — trequene
ak F He WO ATM Value of 20 Amp. At What Hie meadired
410m neqedies Value Instantanesd currend will be As Se.
fw = dem
we Sm > dovh
al Sey = 98034 pup
fot t 3M%0)
wi edi» O9F9 i (ous +484) eee
ml sin (HE 4.77% ) —____—_——.
‘., a ty =
Aine + 2%, |)= Date__Page
| 34 tz ur sy
t
| a 3
IL = Bat
8 DA
ae et ae |
! 314 j
{ — Ve oo tee {
I i
BEE >
| +
@.| Gre Susidar cavrent bas an Instantaneous valus of
‘nev amp at t=O and DM Value oh fod? Amp. Assure th
\curnent Wale enter posinve alg at Heo , Determine |
} | Expreaiion for current
a) Magnitude of current at t20.0895 SH and 42.0
gee after t=o
|
—_— con ae
| te ~ 2 x607 3B IE
lon, Tm = Ah ¥ loft > 1207
oy, Tm =_20 Amp
p> ta smot, /
| a07= %o stn (396.9 AM@)OAs
le
f rs 90 stm (W6.Yx 005 x 130) mp aero seed
bs—_——_-“"rie Sane RRAsTCL
i = 20 9in 760" a
i i =O
GURUEUL\
T= tmBintod tO)
7.97 ~ Yo sing btr2)
Sino 03535
Br Sint (03535)
6 >_ Ost 20-70% TH
pe
WaA\\
pr oll
T> Dm Sin (wol+p)
a = deosn Caste t 036i) OA
T+ 2 Sm (120 0.01259 403611)
= Qo $y F073 ¥ 1BE
= Qo Sh 190.68
z-\8T) Aap
Par T+ Do Sin Qporrro.025 + 0-36")
= eo SIN 978 x \so
we
2 20 SW FO-6e
= 7,066 AnyDate
An Aiernahhg Current VaHny Snusoidal with a 4requondy 4
Foke Was an Tmt Value of Qo Amp Corte down tre eQ”
[dor (wstantanceny Value and ind 4s value
| 000955 Se [
ND) 0.04255 Sem wager pasting Hregh 2% peste maictinn Vale
| autoohwt tue yreeduned From po Strive VAD TU ABUL |
| Gott! Hee fuatantatues Vales be 1414 Aer j
| ems = Te Wor OT
Coa. v2 BSA TO
on Tm= Jax 90 =a
a Tm> 2012
tates
[r= Sm Stat
F = Pode SWINE
= 0009 55 VD a Orb 75h
Do Sth [314 x o60255y IZ0 ) T= Aofe Sin(B4x001255 KI
“FEA
= Iofr Yn 45.3) = deve Sim (225-5)
= 20°41 Aup — ~ = 20-S\1 Aap.
1414 > ofr Sty (H4t +7%2)
| gs = sin (34 tAT2)
sin3o~ Sin(BAEs Wa)
20-96 ~ 3IMt
£2 ol x TC
= 72
GURUKUL|
\_\ 14
QL Paraiiel Crreatt
o4 YeSvstance Ra and inductance +
(ongider an AL arrcutt
BLU iA Paralel as Shown im digute
Tr TybeTotal Gatrent flowing “through whe einuutt Te be he.
[currena Howing ‘hreugn Yesisiance @ 2nd Sy ve the Garren A
| arough the tnguciante L- © be the angle between Te and Ty
1
1 eee cea
| a
| ae '
T
i oan —™y
t
\
Ai Sale Ni, Spot eta
1 2 e jul
| Smpesante ( paraied QL Creu
—~ i St
WN, z= total impedence of -We circuit '» Ohms
R= Yesitance
L~ induetante
es MRE Yeactone
‘GURUEUL= Okey _(R~S) a
(Ot 5¥L) (AajX) 2
= Jame — JRE FracetHi Pri erSeePrePPH Pr
t Rags + KO a eee
Simce jt= -4.
= Ars Jatee
i Rs xt
2 es
+ i
RKE RrEKE
7
# Prequeny Kh = 97 4L
+ —
4
¥ Noltage ale inductor and Ved\tor sere
! N=Ve=vp ; au
r :
+ — Se ee
¥) Carton tWrough ttedttertor vepidhov
7 a
s
1 ay ae
4
eles 8s
| GURUKUL - —4Page —__
Ty e+
t+ Jaws
prose Angie Op zo and O2-9°
Tota) impadanee | = No
Herat pra angle Or
— —
———— ST |
— = 4Date _______Page —____
=
fe RL Paratiey circuit ‘ a =
ve aa it
as e |
Le . ———
£ v & 3 L _
a
| oe Hig @)
Le \ -
fe Fig 2 shows The yesistence af wesistor r Connected in parallel
f With an inductor of inductance L ale \\. The Current J, tare:
we r
x The veastor in phate With Voltage while current T2 thre
War inductor (aqs by e'-The line Current £ will be phad
‘Sum of +tuo Current as Shown in gure
Te ve
q
Thev
| Xo
Te al G+ Gast
~ Oe + Ue
fren = te _
| Equivalent dmpedente, Led UX tha it ley Complex “algebra
oer
zu
ar
v
<
‘GURUKUL,N
Date Page
ry 2 TE Wee TOA Of equivalent Ymeedence “men, |
wm Ate ey ~
ri aGy) a
5 om ,
; i ow eye RAY +
i dXe+ @_
1
4 2
# Re Paraiel airtuit i
Carcent Ta “thro! th Capacitor leads by Qo*. The Wine Current
Roe Sum o two Current Aa Shown (9
— Fig
a Snowe The resvstor | R Connects tm parallel wth
A_capactter ot capaci vance < ale v . The current Dy
Tw the ar 1& Phase Li'th Voltage while ter
Date —Page
t Eutaient tmpedente, tet as 44d tt by Complex derma”
€ a |
i | t= ye fo E
rr = AL == = L
be ae .
al -
| =e ‘ Fe+(= Lay i
ie | ) oS |
r f4 2p a tetad or Equivalent [mpesense, Her,
ee
I H i
r Toy
=
L
a \ 2 ¥
Ke | hy See) ry
hi wt ty
i. Byte = 2,
oe eR . wy
Er. Rive =r
Me
i ; ae
ki | se g te
he Se ~ ]
|
+)
Tngennuraad gem V> Wedges jrenp 6
tty,
Peden fom > Tverd - -
as |
V40 = VEeL® + Stn)
yA 3+ viet pia)
Eryonentiar Jam; ef? 2 cos g ti smo
GURUKUL
rr <= TRE wee=<
Date Page
Ai %
x ;
si
| ~
al me
oI ts
Tors. ~
pee
| rena Weapesence
—y] ew current ery
$| Power And Prue actor ir
—T Poe >.
EEE EEE ~
pot Heer = 4
Sale) ey9
2 5-3 t 4 iy 7
Garis) 6-S¥) q
~ 3
4
Do -§2 vio ATH
Bau oee ~
= 3 at ct
Reach eye (a) 7
2, = Ir 4358
345°
Ler 31 fe 4 F4 tft
~~] 3 tu
Cee ~ 21+ QiE4y + 24 +f2 seh
et 3 :
tou > wa sie Serer
1 ry ye tw AAT got
se ae
oe aha yt namnl)
axlDate
|
Sh
yet
> Gay dant 8%
tnt
a] 97a 29.1859
| gz Jo
a] tAtoeee 294859 AD
LN [ceso « fstne)
N
l
Teen = 4126e (O81 + fougy
221%. 33 + J 6875 ~%
Total Cuvvens,T > v
i a
= {vo 40
i 12.33 & 6.879
! = 190 <0
144263 2 29.1 85g
= F078 4Bd.0Rs
Power, P= vECose
N00 x 7.079 CwS-24.1858)
u = 6\7.939 voatt
Power artes Coss
= tor C29 139599
=_ 0.873.
GURUKUL’
| Date _ Page
fa. Find.
V4 + Fora impedence.
MT + THB Currenr
4 + Power 2nd Power 4actor
wa 7 . / i
eT el ina \ } 7
ede te aie ‘ia
| = to-Ja + 64 ito =
1 We) C10 503 F-
i ~__e- 30 =
60 - 572 + jloo- Fan r
= K-32 te
i 130 + J28
lz > 180+ Soe _ 4
| 16- Se
i 2r> A+ Je + \3or 328
| Ta
I = Alb-d2) +36 16-32) +190 + Jos
a] 16 - So
64 - 4450 + 996 - 3
16- i
29 + \80 + 52g
= wm 256 wiz0
16-32
tr Into Polar term soit
ata be
982.729 4 OB NYDate ______Page
ey = 282.729 95.4 : :
16.994 2=7.195
= 17534 2 $65 99.999
Reclanytar Zoom '-
zr = Yes + jsino)
= 17-594 (03 2.239) + § Sin(3?.239)]
= 17-534 (6845 + 50533)
= IA BIS + J9-953
Toral Comrent, T= Ve
= 20040
1754 €32.939
= W406 © ~32-239
Power, P > VT@Ss
> 200% 11-406. CoS (-32.933)
= 1925. 507 watt
power > Coss
> ces (32.239)
2 O85
GURUKUL,Page
A
bt
aT]
aT
eS 4,
Co = Jz (25 +40) ys¢ |
a of
Gece rl a
s ha 44-3533
| 2 H= 3593 + 41K
16 -§21-32 + 12 - 529599
~_% - 1293
B99- 5992
2 > 399 - J9-49
\ S- 32.93 i .
| 2p = 2+ 58 + 31-99- 59-92 PE
fed & ~ 4233 5
ee ene nD
| B- 32.33
= (6-546 + J64— J*1864 4 91-99 - 39-92
ae e- Jo 32
| 66-69 Fi se.02 a
% - 12.93
Conversa, i+ tt polar form,
(66.63)> + Go.0af* AAw'( Sova y
66.63
a
a% +6003) tan" f 4:23)
&
Pde. Gas ve a soe any
ay = BEdI6 L 56.896 Enel
Nm = %932 ¢ -16-23
ae
fr GURUKULDate ____ Page
3
=
a:
e392 6 eid Ee -
9 = 9.99 < 68126 / st
Lu ,
&
be | Reoranguiar fern c Eo eet
5
| 2p > YCosO + jsing) _
|= 9.99 Fros G3126) + J Sin &
! = $45 —0-6 005
I = 9-994 +5799)
rey
Viz Tex2y
(as+3o) x (6-994 + 57-99)
49.85 43199-75 + Jo 4 jo
{ = 14985 + JIS
"
"
EEE TT EEE
049.96)" 46979" stant 199.95
| Nuts tas)
| = 249-7] © 53-12%
Yd He
¥ NaB = Zag Te
+ — - ket 2450
{ 2age 393 - 9.00 Point forms
| i - nt
| $= 32.35 + 96L0
|| peter gore
2 4s 38) Vag = :
| Zag NAB H40 » 25 46 a
+ leodo
r s
poet
GURUKULFaz Van
tA
2 (go 4%
Sea ¢ +3686
god a
Do & ~36-36
(AAs
7
zg> 41-5838
at Ge Dany
AV 47% + (533) tans (6-93)
a7
en) eS
tat
ght
AUER
GURUKUL
:a
Date______Page
i
be
ie
f
ri Xus ITEL Er inte noe
i 2 AKBIY KS 0.05 Simca
i AGT :
re
KF Raz QK74 ¥ 50x 007 qi |
> 6.48 ons
= 196,
Poe seee ll
[= 54 se0s low 3731
| = 10 ~ S796 + 5+ ioa8
‘ SO ~ 339-8 + jens — 5749.98
= 15 ~- i168
i Mowe 493
i | 2 = Shey jn
|e qe - § n.68
1 TS >
+
i Zr =_ ot ST + gpea jag i
i ND ~ 506d d
] = lol tS- fat) + $8715 56) 9@+ 107 I
15-3166 L
> WD = Jibs + 3994-5 - 3206.09 499.98 + $23
"5 ~ Jaeg ES
= 235 KL4N7
15 ~ J abe j
GURUEUL aDate Page i i
Gonvertug IF “inre fol ory | e
Pale ba py S
%
ma ’
| “hk
na se 366-81 2 rine 5
alee 15-03 4-639 ~
cat = 24.30 ogee 47.516 f
—_—T_ >
N2 Say Hee ij
i en ee ee '
fee ~ 24312 6 HH98 47 56
za) Shyer,
LAs ebp 1 5)
f LX & tk
Vas = 2a6 * To
ge 184°
7AG= 99-98 4 324
G ~jsler
folur form
T oaatn a cage. tan (77/9548)
| ast erat 2a Fag)
fs eevee
ao z (0%-594 < 12985 «
a 150937 4 —639
eeeaeda | SRO SST nr eee ae
TON 2 877 6 19.946
a
a
i aa. —
Date —____Page
=
a
a
Me
7
peieaea ae - _
A+B 6-38
| = b- je +4453 a
94 - 33D + HB - S724
= I-35 i
| 4a JI
[2s 43-54
i 18-35
j
Sr= or 7 + 48-4
fo-sS
H = 120-560 + j70~ 35 448-514
Je- 35
i = 203 -H .
1o-jS
{ Comerting ix Into polar form
ai = alee Cay. pant 203)
af te)* + €H* saw! (“Flie)
= 903.039 4-108
MAS 2 26-565
2 1 609 295-437
Rectang tar’ Jemm 2
22 N(CHS6 + SiO Z
= 18.16 Geos @5.4191) + Sin QO-49)3
= 16-399 + S78"
GURUKUL ,Date Page
Convent -F > tthe
2x
_=_[s so
eee 18-lCe5 C 25.497
“1 ~ 6506 4-29-4939
A
| power, p= VE USB
a = 106 x F506 -Cos 624.437)
a = 497-27 Wart
4
foury dato Cos 6
= cos 25-497)
= 09030
i i ea a ee”Date Page __
wee pets Resorvame ( R-L-¢)
eh nea
VR Ve Ve
Consider AN Ac circatt containing a residtor Ro pure inductance
and a eapauitor ¢ Connected in Series as Snoon in 4tgure.
Ithe Mipedente 04 He Civeuit (s
2: att (XL- Xo)
a
T4 a Same 4requency of APpWed Voltage Ku = Xe Iw Magnitude
“nen
i, [Net reactance 1S Zero Ve X20
i || Dmpedence <4 The Cireurt, 2=
ip Tee Garren Powlng Wrough The O'rctut Vs moarmum and
itm phate with applied VWoli2rge We magnitude of Hre Corrente
[gottl be eQuae to Ve
iy [ke voltage drop cress The (ductance MS equate to
[he voltage drop Across tHe %c_y
ange = 2h
Sit oe
t+, He He a :
¢@~ : on fe cme te de
oa] oe i) - “Tce (re)
ne
Me
Notite that ar ‘resonance. “fre parallel circute ereduce we $0
[Notes that at sresonanve “ne eanceatte
Leguanion as for the Sertd Tuomi metuth. There.
wate ne cifterdee tH Hoa, nd
Ww paralaer i OnDate Page
anes
<=
3 es Sere
t Ca aoHe
Repke
oes
7 -\— Dyramre impedence
an 4
Figs RAMAN reson nee
GURUKULuna-3 Var Si
THREE PHASE SYSTEM ees
Date____ Page __
Generatton of 3-9 @ EMF
When 3 cols Connected together Andig’ electrvcap -aparr
‘eis votates about tne Same aris th F UNMorm magnere
4ield Me trduted emt each of them haS 2 phate anterente |
Of Ado" or 2/4. Consider 3 tdentitay Colts ayaa ioo2 and
eer MouNKES on >the Savne axis but displace, 430M ACh Oto
toy M20" velating th antelockwise directon in J magnene
Held al Shown tn Argure. Here ab, and cg MS the Staring
Perminal Of Hre Coty and a, br andy are tee end erminadr
of He Coll Ulhan Hue Corl Aaa VS tH Position AIR tHe. induwed
Om in the @fl 18 zere.and each (Mereading th postnwe
Sivection The Gil O62 18 190" behind Cl) Aan Sote emf
Mdused (hh His Coll Approzing W=Ser 1s marimum neqakue
io
Nalue and +e Gotl Cr \S 240% behind Cotl Ayag So te emp
|| tviuses in He Coil ha pattess
VS marimum goattive Valu: |
SINE E2CN Coll Vetng Kentiver Was an Quay NUMbers ef Hume
AVL UF (oound Witr tre Wire Sh Wa Same type Te tnduees
cut Of Cdr CON Wave Same Magnitude and San Arequenty_|
a ORNATE
BV sams waveform buf AEP ter €R0K ater by 2773 ov |
420° according tote Wstantiness Value Of emp ‘ndueed fy
Cl A\Go1 byba and AX.
GURUKULEar Cor Cyen
~ gaan = Emax tot
Eojor = Eman Snot -120')
Gace = Emax sin lot + 0%)
| Pnase
lager
I
|
7
|
[
|
4) STAR
lor voltage In dierent
Sequence 8 the order or Sey ueme/(N Lohreh the Current
prate attain “thelr maximum value ene
Are orar is called pnase Sequence
| Elecarreay are ptacement = 3607
Ne. Of pad
or WYE. Conne 10 (wTM) Cemarks)
NeuWat_gomt or
Sra pointe
ee eeDate _____—— Page ___
(©) Pigs Prasor deagram of ine and prose Voltage
[The System ts obtained by joining together Similar ends erthey
[the Sart or the Ainighed “He other ends are jotned +o the line}
WIV As Shown In 4iguretay tre commen Poin tat Woheh Similar
MS Ave Connected (S Bled Necitral pont The Voltage boetaxey
Hany Whe and neutral pont be Voltage Acress ve phase
voting IS Clles phase Voltage .Voltaqe between, ny two
termmar vs eatled -he line Molage The neatvar Pott vs
JUsed a8 Carty Conectes . Mn 49 Gy Poste ivection of emp.
are taken from necural poh. The 2 prAles etter be 4,a)3 0
Aire or RVD HY @ RVG diverter Rests Yeu, Blas, Sy pe
Geen H19@) ory tuv0 patkle prete Sequence Mermasiy Rg
Bue Gr. BY Comentionar | RNB taken 2 peste ana RBY
ad Reowtive.
‘fn Figo) The em# Induced jm Bpheue Are shoron toy pron |
dxagram. Sn Str Conneotion 4Lere ave tew0 WolMatng ‘etewen t
Pr PAIN OF Yerminet And due to jOlning of Simian wy '
Hogetier treem¢ Yrduses im than are. in oppatviton, qari
Te Potential deurente beth Ey is He pred dnpperente op phaet
CR and Ee or praderduim of Ee ana -by.
GURUKUL,Date___ age
Ea- ey (preve, iflerence)
Ea + GEV) @reor Sum)
|
eco prasor deagram,
Ee wl EAR PLEYI™ + 262. Eyic08 ber
En= Eo = EY = Ep Cphere Voltyoe)
Eax > a] 6% + Cpr 2Eh BP Hla
Eex > 13 €°
| Sienll@rt Pad v-et% y and B Pad ver @ And ©
yg = EX -f0> aE a9 pene tare Tet
"ERY , EYB., Bae are mm equal in magnitude
| th walanced skar systen
vitwe current and
| known a8 Ime Notage - Dn |Stan! Conndchon ¥
| phate. Cowrens VS * wel:
or MESH onnecHon
- # DELTAF -)
|
Date_______Page____
=
vw
-. fae
“
i p> x
. f |
H4G * Prasor dragram
at |
When —tne Stata end of the one Coll \S Connected +o tre
dinrshing end 04 Another col as shown in ug 2) "S Knocon
[ar _detia Connection. The direction o4 emt in rte cof
Wave been taken ab poSitve-ten start end 4o Ulkh |
From ig W The line Carnent 1S PhAdor dutference of phade |
current two phaue. |
4
Che current, Sa = Dye - deg
+
Perl xy + Thg t BIT VA Tee CoS6O i
Assume ‘onlanse loa, i
Ter Tee >I }
Sez VF Dp
GURUKULr|
|
|
Ate SNOT,
1 By > Dex Sa
isle x an
all ieee Dia
inca oe te 8 ee
me : HITE)
| ug a)
____ fhove wo _crvcuit are equal of thuly vespertive eesstanee
from Ae terminal AB, Be and CA are ey. Consider Me Star
Connected ctreaatt tn fg) The meaisiante from thr Aerminvet
AGIBE and cA Verspectvery
© Mag (Y= kat Ap
@ Roo ty) = Ra + Re i
—@® RAW) = Ret Ra :
‘swarty tn detia Connericd network in \ ag to wr Yearsrante
(Seen from the serminat AB, Ge And CA nedpeotuety.
© Rog (O) = AN Chara) $ Es
O kee & = be Cite et r
_@ ka W > Bs re Asn ApeEE i Page
Raw (O) = Ri (Rots)
Ryr Ra + Ro
Ree 18) = Re (Rix Ro)
Ry ARaARz
Rea @) = Ral Athy)
Rit Rat Ro
Now, we equate + resistance of Star aNd desta
Caveat We gets
Axe Re > & Capags)
Rt@odks — aD
Ag +k = Ry Rake)
Rakones —CD
L Re + Ra = Ro (Rit bs)
&4Ra akg CD
Suvtracting —9"©O 4rom oO and Adding egr@ wate
He YAuttent Wwe gets
Rn = Rika 1
Rrkiths — @
Ag = RyRy
ait Rat Ry —@D
$$ co CEE eee eet
Re = Rohs
RARat hy — OD
GURUKUL| Date _ Page _
Five. GonmeHon_ of Bis Ro and kg may be vepiaced by He
“Tear enmention ok RnIRe and Pe a oF
neo re we mu Hply +e equation (@D ana@), W ana), ane
& ara@) then ade Sade Hee, re
| akg Boke ® fake = QPRoks + Ror Ribs + Ro Riee
rT hi tee aay) — a
La D AWiding boty Se hy Ra gives Re and deviciney
by RG gived Ra and dotny tre SAue Ulin Re gives Ky
je
LL
ya
Ae Ra Ro + Rohe t hehe
Re
| Ro = gabe t &aker Reha
ia
Ry = Rake * Rate+ Robie
T Ra
sees ee eeeeeeeea ee
+ we can Say trot tee St
pramsdormed swito_& dette ___ye
wy
we cure
Bote Page
grees
—
% 2
L Real Pour
E The Actua Power consamed (Hae Cercerte IS calles NAL
\ | power. 24 Wana £ ave Rend Nellwe of Voltage ANA Connery
e mespectivaly And 6 IS tue angie bet” Nand T than mn
@ C= vices] se z
A i a 3 pee PVE cose) cee
oO | Reactive Pouser~
Be [the fouxr Grsumed bya pure veactanre in AC Crcart iy
L Coles weacnve powor He unit 6 VAL
t [Q= vEsing]
| Litas phe 72 VE singh
u Apparent Peru
« Te ts qven toy the: Product Ob ra Value ara ob ppired Vottg
+
land Gircurt Conrent and 148 unit is Vo Weim fere
‘Ts=val EP}
| Balaneed Load
Emeline volige and Phase Noltage 04 each load 1g ey ua
Phase Comment and tine Current ef e2ich
load 1s equa
Ampedanee of eth Joad is tqua. a
Pousor~ 4actor of ench load ig same
EPS PEP er eee ee Peeeer ee
Neutral Wve net requires n “balnted Cndeten
iH SHE HEHEHE eee
No neatrad Current.
GURUKULDate fase
ae we Voltage nd Phare YoHag & “64 ech load 15 Mot equar
5
ware 0 + and Ime Garment of each leaa is net equas
a
[ower factor Ob 22h lore 46 nor eque
a meet wstve Fs wequrtes th Unoatanced Conast10n
SB Neanrad quiinent Saville
0. A wnlanted star Connected (ead of BrjINA few phrase ts
| conneated 40 2. three praie 232v Supply And We Ite
Current power fatto pranve and troradk Nolramperc -
Li at
[ee fauret tant 4 ame VIG > Bow
1 He Vig = 239
Ler ee) prude
a 7
= lo PS 3686
= 132.79 wv
ine Guyrent, 2 : ee ee
= 32-7920
< 36-6
2736-3036 AyDate ________ Page _____
S
Reattve Pour «ENF Sing
2 JBX BEB 0-44.72 n Sin (6 36-96)
So oA
4 u 2 = BUS FIT VAL
4 frerad)) Agparaut (ower =BY x 5
t = ees R197 TS
SHPO er 5286-39 WA
i Ackve power =a us tose
(Real +
E = XE259 13.72 Cos Go-xe)
1B 230 2 +
b = A929. Contr |
4 G.| A Mar Conneckd alternator supplies a detta Connected |
g toad “Ths (moedence of +e load byawe 48 (Ba 56) -2 pow prade,
[Tea le Voltage 12 930V. Determine -carrent SW tun [oad
[ eraneh Powu Consumed by Hw, load, Pousur 4eodec + S|
[0ad. Reactve Power of +e! 102d.
Zz Bajo HAL vty > 2S OV I
ste Aa! ry ¥ \
| rod 3680 a ° fe I
|
Gime Carrent ȣ> ye 4
= 23e (acta Gmmenkay |
tosSeuse— es!
=_ 23 6~36.96 ‘al
os aE er ea
zO8
2 GURUKUL I ee| Date_____ page
as bog He Jen a A toh gf
; “ ae
; aa ere
; + +
7 d8y Lewsp =
z = V3 ¥ 030% 2393 wot
| = 12696 watt |
| Reaerve power = J3 vT ging
+ Fox 93042303 » Sin Beas)
= 9518-306 VAR
g. A walanted Star Connected load of (846) 2/6 1S Connected
fo A balanted three phate 4oov AC Supply. Emad rhe
lime turrent power factor, power and \ioltampee dawn by
she toad :
[we Neltage> voy
zz Srts6 phase voltage > v0
= (0643696 ws
230-94 Vv
| We Comments T= No 230.94 = 23-094 Amp
ae Te ,
“You AMUN = GSP > Od pe
—[poser, = T3 WF Cots Va = V2 eae
= Je pA 25:094 ROE = V3 400023094
= 12799-5994 wart > 15999-992 vA
+ eee
GURUKULOnte __ Page __.
AID Susine RYB System ith <4peoHve Voltage ef Amy
hos A balanced Stor Comnedtee lord OF ZS > 54-80" 1m caw
phrre. Obtain thee Corrrent , Power Buppired toe loag
and dvaw prycurent phaser ciagam
Ze TH4-30 iy Ine \Hy > 153
prose Vy ~ 150
ll As
= Sb6aV
| Covent = No
z
= $6602
5
| =N7-39 Amp!
I
fowon 2 RNS Cos
= V8 XU5o N1792 Yes C0)
{= 3897 oats
Hee
A Wwalanced Star Connecteat
load of Geri ayy ts Connected 49
balances 3-9 Ao0v Supply 4nd ~The Ines Comment= and
| POUL 4A n40r.
Ze 104s ; +
We vrg= Aooy I
2 Ao ABE Yur (Sis) 2 pha Wejal ab
{WAL pd 26665 : F- ot
930-94 >
Curvent, T= nx = |
Tan Powe duster, © Ges g |
> TTF —— > cot Gases) |
tert = 0894,
GURUKUL = TOOTS Ray T