... .... . .

. ...

MEASijREMENT OF THREE-PHASE POWER USING SINGLE WATTMETER

Exp.No:6 •
Name: Date:

Class and Batch: S?>Gc_;,Roll ho:; . t6.

Batch Mates' Roll no: f/ I L~? in Charge:
- "" &/) ,,ol:o -

(A) Measurem ent of Active Power Using a Single Wattmeter

OBJECTIVE
_To measure the·active and reactive powers of a giv.en .three-phase load using a single
wattmeter :

THEORY

The measurem ent of power in a three phase system using a single wattmete r is
possible only when the supply is symmetrical and the load is balanced. Assume that
the
supply is symmetrical and the load is balanced. The phasor diagram for a particular load
is as
shown in the figure. Since the supply is symmetrical, the phase voltages are,

A A· A
VR =VRL0 °; Vy =Vy·L- 120°; VB =VBL120°

where,

Since the load is balanced, •

I\ I\ I\
IR =IRL-</>°; ly =lyL-( 120° - ¢); 18 =1 8 L(120° -¢)
.
where, IR = Iy = IB . Iph

I
 . . .•
... .... .....
. ....

Phasor diagram for active power measurement

Let the current coil of the wattmeter be connected in line Rand the pressure coil be connected
between the line R and the neutral.

Current through the current coil = IR

Voltage across the pressure coil = VR

Reading of the wattmeter = VR IR cos~

Total active power P = 3VR IR cos~= 3 x Watbneter reading

• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

•
(0-250V} Ml
------4V

• R
0 ?'..:-o
..
...
5A
E3
-~

•
., :. ... . . ..
... ...
....
.. . (O..SA)MI

•
y 5A
A
4l.5V ...' , ~ nl,5A
.....
•" Three Phase
3phase ,
Inductor

•
.fiiz' ...
.•
Suppiy
...... (O~A)Mi
B .: SA A
S)0,5A

' ti

,' ---a,..---o--_.. ,____, J Phase

N,L Autotransfonne r

t
I
I
•
~ 47
INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED
-
St No Im.trument Range Quantity."
- - -
-- - /Description
1 Ammeter . (0-S)A, AC 3
- - -
2 Voltmeter (0-2S0)V, AC 1

3 Watt meter . 1
2S0V:SA,UPF
4 Three phase auto transformer 415V 1

5 Three Phase Choke coil 1

6 Rheostat so·ohm, SA 3
····· .. ....... .

PRECAUTION
Keep the auto transformer at the mi!1imum output position.
Keep the rheostats in n1aximum resistance position.
Keep the choke coil in the maxi_!Tlum impedance position.

PROCEDURE
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Supply is switched ON keeping autotransforme r ill the. minimum voltage output

position.
3. Adjust the autotransform er so that the voltmeter reads a particular value, say 200V
(phase value).
-.
4. For variou~ valueS" of load currents observe the ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter
readings.
5. Remove the load and brii:tg the autotransform er to its minimum position. Finally
.
swi_tch OFF the supply.

Cl

.. .
 ..
..
. ...

. - - - - - --
SL No. Applied IR Iv _ le Wattm eter Total - Power Total
..
.
-Phase_ - Reactive
·- _(~) (A) (A) Reading Active Factor
-
Voltage (V) • -- (w)- - power (W) (lag) Power (VAr)
. .
- - -. - - -
- .
.
-
.
,,
'°'~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6lo G,o O ,56'-., \ ~90, 94·

~.,.s ~.) ~·~ :>~

~- '°' 5 \o~ Or. 9-1~ 5~~

·3·;···· · ·--~o ·o··· 3 ·3· ·3· soo······· ··r~o· ······

·o~ ~K9c,5.cglr
t
t OBSERVATION
·CALCULATIONS (SI. No. \ )
t
Total Power = 3 x Wattm eter Readin g :,. '3x Q. ~ -,._ GE, o "v
l
,,. [ \Vattmeter Readin g]
Power f;a ctor, cos.,,= - - - - - ~ -;.-
I : V,;JR

I
I
I - (B) Measu remen t of Reactive Power Using a Single Wattmeter

THEORY -
I _ . The measu remen t of reactive power in a three phase system using
a single wattm eter
The curren t coil of the
is possible only if the supply is symmetrical and the load is balanced.
! wattm eter is connec ted in line Rand the pressure coil is connected
across the line Y and B.
..
Since the supply is
For a particu lar loa_d, the phasor diagram is as shown in the figure.
~.
symmetrical, the phase voltages are,
~. A A A

VR =VR L0°; Vy =Vy L -120° ; VB = VBL120°

~
r- where, VR = Vv = V8 = Vrit

~
: 49
Since the load is balanced,

-
IR= fv = I 8 = Ip11 =I1,. ;load is connected in star
--

\IQ. -
.. --·· - .-
,. -

Phasor diagram for reactive power measur ement

Current through the current coil = IR •

Voltage across the pressure coil = VYB

Reading of the wattmet er t =VYBIR cos (90-~)

-•
Total reactive power ·

Q =✓3 x Wattn1eter reading

 _ __
_ _ _ _ _
_ _
,~ ~~c--

- .. ...
-

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - -- ...

..
- ..

- .
-'OQ.$A . . . .,._ ... -
- lndudo,.
(0-600VJ .. -

y 41.SV SOO)A
3pbue (0-SA) Mt
.SOJh
Suffiy
B .SA 500.,SA

..... .... ·········· .............. .

••••• ···········;,··· ····· ······ .....

INSTRUMENTS REQUlllED

Ra ng e/ Description Quantity
SJ. No Ins tru me nt
. 3
Am me ter (0-S)A, AC
1
(0-S00)V, AC 1
2 Vo ltm ete r .
.
- S00V, ~A, UPF 1
.., 3 Wa tt me ter
!- 3 ph ase aut o- tra nsf orm er
1
4
3 (
' 50 Ohm, SA
t 5 Rh eos tat
- . 1
3 pha se choke coil . ,

! - 6
- - - -
' ;' "1 -

1 PROCEDURE the cur ren t coil is

ma de as sho wn in the circuit diagram. (Note tha t
1. Connections are
t oth er two lines.)
ted to one line and the pre ssu re coil is connecteq across
con nec
,
}
2. Sup ply is sw itch ed ON kee
pin g in mind the precautio
ns.

, 3. Ad jus t the aut otr ans for me

oad
r
cur
so tha
ren
t vol tme ter rea ds par ticu lar
ts, not e dow n
value say 250V.

the am me ter , vol tme ter and

wa ttm ete r
4. Fo r var iou s val ties ofJ

,' 5. Remo ve
rea din gs.
the load- and bri ng the aut otr ans for me r to its
minimum pos itio n. Finally

t
, switch off the supply.

f 0

} ..
..
 \.

. .
'·. • ---•.-.."'J--.• ·---

OBSERVATION
.
SI. No. Applied IR Iv le Wattmeter Reactive Power
.
Line -
(A)
.
(A) (A) Reading (W) Power (VAr)• Factor
.
Voltage M - (lag)
- -

- - -
\. cQS-0 ,,t ,,s- \•) \3t>
~a S- \ I l, O•C\3f

~- a~o ~-as ~.as a-as \~() ~1'• ~ y o .. CJ1}

~- ~~ ~ ~ ~ \4-o a4- a.~

..
e>-G6..
. .. ...
.

CALCULATION (SL No.op

Reactive Power, Q =fj x Wattmeter Reading= J'3 -,... \ !>O"":..

But Q = ✓3 X vl Il X sin;

Power factor, cos <p = ~ ~( &c;"'

RESULTS
~~vt ~ot-
\oo..J. ~°"S CL~~~