CHAPTER 2

Expressing Present 'Ilmc

SINGULAR PLURAL Notice: The verb after she, he, it (3rd person singular)
1st PERSON I talk we talk has a W-8:talks.
2nd PWON you taR you taR
3rd PEXSON she talks they talk 7%: .,I.., . ..
he talks
it raitu I
( a ) I eat b r e a a s t every morning. The simple present tense expresses habits. In (a): Eating
( b ) Ann apeaks English every day. breakfast is a habit, a usual activity. Every morning =
( c ) We sleep every night. Monday morning, Tuesday morning, Wednesday
morning, Thursday morning, Friday morning, Saturday
( d ) They go to the beach every weekend.
morning, and Sunday morning.
ERClSe 1: What do you do every morning? On the left, there is a list of habits. On the

-
MY HABITS EVERY MORNING
,. ">'

<:I , .
:m4'<
?
(f) put on my make-up
: I . . > I , .+I,',
6.
1
(g) take a showerbath 7.
I

8.
-- ... - .
. , . . .-
(i) pickup my books . . ., , . . 9. ~..,.>,.%,. -,.
..
,

.
0) walk to the bathroom D~LL, 10.
(k) watchTV 11.
&P->:&T7
(1) look in the mirror -- - ----y 12. I

i :$ I

(m) turn off the alarm dock i-lr-? 13.

<
---I- 4

i (n) go to the kitchenithe cafeteria -Iz, I

14.
t ( o ) brush/comb my hak i --I
-.I 15.

C(p) say good-bye to my o o t e 16.

3& h
(r) do exercises , : , : .: 1
I 8%.
19.
;' ..,- .,n:,,.
(s)wash my face ~, ;i
20.
(t) stretch, yawn, and rub my eyes 21.

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 1) . 4

 2 USING FREQUENCY ADVERBS: ALWAYS, USUALLY, OFTEN, SOMETIMES,
5ELDOk 'R

always usual, sometimes seldom rarely never

100% 99%-90% 90?"75% 75%-25% 25%-10% 10%-1% 0%

FREQUENCY SIMPLE Always, usually, ooften, sotnutimes,

SUBJECT f ADVERB + PRESENT VERB seldom, rare& and never are called
"frequency adverbs." They come between
(a) Bob always m s to class. the subject and the simple present verb.*
(b) Mary I*PUOUY corns8 to class.
(c) We often watch TV at night. ' always
(dl I sometimes drin& tea with dinner. usually
(e They seldom go to the movies.
( f Anna makes a mistake. SUBJECT +
(g) 1 newer eat paper. seldom
rarely
i never

*Some frequency adverbs can also come at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. For example:
Sometimes Iget up at s m . I sometimes get up at sewen. I get up at seven sometimes.
Also: See Chart 2-3 for the use of frequency adverbs with be.

I Sun. I Mon. I Tues. I Wed. I Thvs.

Joy never drlnks tea with lunch.

EXERCISE 2-ORAL: Find the SUBJECTS and VEWS in the sentences. Then add the
FREQUENCY ADVERBS in italics to the sentences. , 2 trl
1. always I eat brealdast. + I always eat breakfast. t IIL .T

2. usually I get up at 7:OO.

3. often I drink two cups of coffee in the morning. - -"'
4. never I eat carrots for breakfast.
5. seldom I watch T V in the morning.
6. sometimes I have tea with dinner.
7. usually Bob eats lunch at the cafeteria.
8. rarely Ann drinks tea.
 9. alwys I do my homework. ,, I i
l h ,;: -q2.'-
10. often We listen to music after dinner.
11. never John and Sue watch T V in the afternoon.
12. always The students speak English in the classroom. , : r

EXERCISE +ORAL: Use always, usually, often,sometimes,seldom,rawb, m d

newr to talk about your activities (your habits) after 5:00 P.M. every day.
1. eat dinner 15. study
2. eat dinner at six o'clock 16. study English grammar ;>.;,k
3. eat dinner at eight o'clock 17. drink milk
,>y,, .,
4. watch TV 18. play with my children
5. listen to music 19. kiss my husband[yife ..$,, ;,
6. go to a movie 20. have a snack
7. go shopping 21.gotobed ',""
. . _ I . .

8. go dancing 22. go to bed at eleven o'clock

j,i,. I * '.
9. go swimming 23. go to bed after midnight
10. spend time with my friends 24. go to bed early!. . I wrdi?. (.

11. talk on the phone 25. go to bed late

12. speak English :,.?rk>\ ' .,~
26. turn off the lights
13. write a letter 27. dream .,.,T,, ;
14. read a newspaper 28. dream in English
.!r:.d:il,:~ ,, ? 9:': ,., .L,i 11>i& :

USING FREQUENCY ADVERBS WITH B l

Frequency adverbs follow be.

FaEQUBE OTHER SIMPLE

ADVERB PRESENT VERBS

Frequency adverbs come before all

simple present verbs except be.
Tom +

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 1) . 47

 EXERCISE 4: Add the PREQUW~CYAD= in italics to the sentence.

1. always

always
I; ' 2. always &comes
.. to class on time. . "\.
i.,
; , .. ::, dl) . ;, ::~tt
3. often Sue is late for class.
. I ! . ,
4. ofen Sue comes to class late.
'1. .'
5. never Ron is happy, ,, .
Ron smiles. 0 " ' '
I
6. never

7. usually Bob is at home in the evening.

2 , ;i31:,:t, o y r
8, usually Bob stays at home in the evening.
5:. . i , 4
I Y

-- 9. seldom Tom studies at the library in the evening.i:r.~, ti: i; , - ,;. i $ ,

, 2.' rr.9 !li,r' . I ;

10. seldom Tom is at the library in the evening. I * .. .: i

11, rarely I eat breakfast;

12. ofen I take the bus to school.
13. u s d y The weather is hot in July.
14. nswr Sue drinks coffec
15. sometimes She drinks tea.

EXERCISE &WRITTEN: Describe a typical day in your life, from the time you get up in the
I
, morning until you go to bed. Use the following words to show the order of your

!
..
activities: then, next, a t . o'clock, qftor that, later,
Example: I usually get up at sewn-thirty. Ishave, brush my teeth, and take a shower.
! Then I put on my clothes and go t o the student cafeteria for breakfast.
After that I go back t o my room. I sometimes watch the news on TV. At
; ...*.. ... -. . ..--..- 8:15 1 leave the dormitory. I go t o class. My class begins at 8:30. I'm in
i"
t
class from 8:30 to 11:30. After that I eat lunch. I usually haw a sandwich
and a cup of tea for lunch. (Continue untilyou complete your &ye)
i k- -~-. . .-- ......A -, . ~ .. - -.
I VOICED VOICELESS Some sounds are "voiced." You use your
voice box to make voiced sounds. For
(a) Ibl nib (b) /PI sleep example, the sound /b/ comes from your voicc
/dl ride It/ write box. The final sounds in (a) are voiced. I
Ivl drive If/ laugh
Some sounds are "voiceless." You don't use
your voice box. You push air through your
teeth and lips. For example, the sound lpl
comes from air through your lips. The f d
sounds in (b) are voiceless.

(c) rubs = mb/z/ (d) sleeps = slesp/s/ Final -8 is pronounced /z/ after voiced sounds,
rides = ridrp/ writes = wnwnt%/s/ as in (c).
drives = dnve/z/ laughs = hughlsl Final -8 is pronounced Is/ after voiceless
sounds, as in (d).

EXERCISE 6: The final sounds of the VERBS in these sentences are "voiced." Final -s is
pronounced lzl. Read the sentences aloud. : .'; w;; , !iA.1:?s eix+!. v
:

ridclzl . i , , . I ! . .,. 4 i t:;!nlA .! :

Jack usually drives his car to school.
drivelzl . . . j f . . . Li
Rain falls.
m 1
Sally often dreams about her boyfriend.
d~edzl
Sometimes Jim runs to class.
m-dzl
Tina wears blue jeans every day.
weadz1

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 1) B 49

 Find the VEM in each sentence. Pronounce it. Then read the sentence aloud.
8. The teacher often stands in the front of the room: -w*.,~
<.
9. George lives in the dormitory.
. .-
I :. s 10. Jean rarely smiles.
I. :. ,:.i ,
- . 11. Sam always comes to class on time. i t . . $

. ,
,rc j I:,

7ii3 :, ., 12. It rains a lot in Seattle.

' he
I ,.1911,i .it 13. Jack always remembers his wife's birthday.

-. .. . -. 14. It snows in New York City in the winter.

?s;lr s I.:, .,,.::'~h : * ' % - h .:
EXERCISE 7: The fmd sounds of the VER& in these sentences are "voiceless." Final -s is
pronounced Is/. Read the sentences aloud.
Mike sleeps for eight hours every night.
sleeplsl
Our teacher always helps us.
helplsl
Jack writes a letter to his girlmend every day.
writeld
.\I:
-'

Sara never laughs.

laWsl
Sue usually drinks a cup of coffee in the morning.
drinwsl
Kate walks to school every day.
..--.-..+:
9.x
waWsl
Find the VERB in each sentence. Pronounce it. > Then read the sentence aloud.
8
r
---.
7. My child often claps her hands.
8. Olga always bites her pencil in class. ;. ::it., : . , ,, 1 -, :, ,:<;I ;L. 32[ ,:.ci>
,K-!
9. Maria usually gets up at seven-thirty.
10. Yoko asks a lot of questions in class.
11. Ahmed always talks in class.
12. Sue coughs because she smokes.
 iLLiNG AND PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -E ------I
SP!ZLlNG PRONUWCIATION

-sh (a) push + pushap pushlazl Ending of verb: -sh, -ch, -66, -x.

-
-ch (b) teach -r teaches tea&/azl S p e w : add -6s.
-6s (c) kiss -+ kisw kisslazl Pronounciation: lazl.
-x (d) fix fixss fixlazl

. ,j\. 'L,

H EXERCISE 8: Use the in italics to complete the sentences.

1 . brush Anita brushes her hair every morning.

2 . teach Alex English.

Ct' ",
3. fi3C A mechanic cars.

4. drink
5 . watch Joon-Kee gften television at night.

6 . kiss Peter always his children goodnight.

7. wenr Tina us1

8. wash Eric seldom dishes.

, :i1
9 . walk Jessica her dog twice each day." ,,!, .+ , . ,.

10. stretch,
yawn

End of verb: consonant + -y.

Spelling: changey to i, add -6s.

(b) Pay + PWS End of verb: vowel + -y.

4 4 + ~ W'OYS Spelling: add -6.
 .$.*,~<,. . .
4 EXERCISE-% UG-fiewards in italics to complete the sentences?
-*r;. a,wavs Davs
""
g$i#J@,
:.!; $ ,

.~ 1 . pay, aiways

2 . my, seldom Our baby at night.

1- . - ---
3. study Paul at the library every day.
A
4. stay, wualEy Jean home at night.

5. fb _-Kunio is a pilot. He a plane.

6 . carry, always Carol her books to class.

7. PW
," I-,... ,<%
Jack every day.
". .-?<'I

8. buy, seldom Ann new clothes.

9. w o w Tina is a good student, but she

about her grades.

10. enjoy Don good food.

Have, do, and go have irregular forms for third

( a ) I haw8 a book.
person singular:
(b) Hehabook.
have -r h a
do -+ does
( c ) Idomywork.
( d ) She doa her work. hc
it
)+ d- Ida=/
go -+ goes

( e ) They go to school.
( f ) She goes to school.
it
XERCISE 10: Use the given VERBS to complete the sentence

- -
2. do We always do our homework. I # ,
-~ -
3. h Yoko and Kunio their books.
.- . -
i i: . ,, ,~ .
4. have

5 , go Bill to school every day.

6. go

7. do Anna seldom her homework.

.~. . :-
...
e::.,.. ;: ,;..

8. do exercises in class every day.

,..-
.I,. ".
9. gqgo Roberto downtown every weekend. He and his wife
,,, *v.':. t'AV,?' . >.,,,
shopping. I , I : : &.;. ,
w,,.,.':
,

10. have

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 1) 63

 PRONUNCIATION

(a) rub + rubs dlzl . To form a simple present verb in 3rd person singular,
ride + r i h ridelzl you usually add only -8, as in (a) and @).
smile +smi7es smdle/z/
dream +dwms dreamlzl In (a): -s is pronounced 121. The fmal sounds in (a)
run + runs ~ n h l are vo,oiced.
wear + wears wearlzl
drive drives
-+ drivelzl
see -+ sees s&/
snow -+ snmua mwbl

(b) drink -* drink8 drinklsl In (b): -s is pronounced Is/. The ftnal sounds in (b)
sleep -+ *s s@Id are voiceless.
write -+ wrifes writelsl
laugh + laughs laughlsl 7.::: .. ..~

(c) push + pushes ~h/azi End of verb: -sh, -ch, -88, -x

teach -* teaches teachlazl Spellii: add -es
kiss -+ k b s kuslazl Pronunciation: /az/
fix fies
-+ fixlazl

(d) cry -+ cties ~ b l End of verb: consonant + -y

study studios
-+ s&Y~/ Spelling: change y to i, add -8s
<
End of verb: vowel + -y
Spelling: add -s

The 3rd person singular forms of h e , go, and do are

,irregular.

EXERCISE 1 I-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Talk about everyday activities using the given

STUDENT A: I eat breakfast every morning.

TEACHER: What does ( ...
) do every morning?
STUDENT B: He/She eats breakfast.

TEACHER: eat
STUDENT A: I always eat dinner at the student cafeteria.
TEACHER: What does ( . . . ) always do?
STUDENTB: He/She always eats dinner at the student cafeteria.
 6. study 11. listen to
7. getup 12. wash
G. 3 ,
3. drink 8 , watch 13. put On , , , . , :
4. brush 9. speak 14. carry
5. have ~ ~ .. 10. do
~ ~~
!5. kiss . ,:;A

, ,. : ,4:i . ' . .
EXERCISE 12-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Tell a classmate about yow usual habits in the
_ morning. (Look at the list you made for Exercise 1 if you wish.) Your classmate will
then write a summary of your daily morning habits.
.,., ., ..:,d d ''2. I.

Directions:
,.
I , :
STUDENT A: Tell Student B ten tofijieen things you do every morning.
STUDENT B: Take notes while Student A is talking. (You will use these riots hter to write a
:l+i .-
paragraph about Student A's usual morning habits.) - - - - j -

7 8% x Then switch roles.

<\ 31
STUDENT B: Tell Student A ten wfi;fieen things you do every morning.
STUDENT A: Take notes while Student B is talking. 3' ." ',' '
*&*z When you finish talking, each of you should write a paragraph about the other person's
daily morning activities. Pay special attention to fmal 4 - e s .
-,:ii,:.'w h r : x f d f t 3142 tLir .. .. , . - - - .. - . . . i.,A w . : ~

EXERCISE 13: Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses. Use the SIMPLE
PRESENT TENSE. Pay special attention to singular and plural, to spelling, and to
pronunciation of final -s/-ap. .,

1. The students (ask,often) often ask questions in class.

2. Pablo (study, uusaUy) at the library every

evening.

3. Olga (bite) her fingernails when she is nervous.

4. Don (cash) -a check at the bank once a week.

i. Sometimes I (WOTVJ - about my grades at school.

Sonya (my, n w t )- about her grades.

She (study)
6. Ms. Jones and Mr. Anderson (teach) - at the local high

school. Ms. Jones (teach) math.

'. Birds fly)

I. A bird (1 . It W e ) wings.

9. Jason (& always) his homework. He

m) to bed until his homework is finished.

-,

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 1) 55

 10. Mr. Cook (say, always)* hello to his
neighbor in the morning.

11. Ms. Chu (Pay,always)* attention in

class. She ( a m ) questions. She (listen)
to the teacher. She (ask) -questions.
i:i (.+
Sam ( m ' ~ )
.i e Y -)?t~i?ilz. cooking. He (try, o h )
to make new recipes. He (like) to have company for dinner.
He (invite) me to dinner once a month. When I arrive, I (go)
to the kitchen and (watch) him

cook. He (have,usually) three or four

- * -.
pots on the stove. He (watch)

(wash, always)-
the pots carefully. He (make)
a big mess in the kitchen when he cooks. After dinner, he
all the dishes and (clean)
A J T I ~ ~?I$
Z the kitchen. I (cook, -)
VI bnri .BI
It (be) too much trouble. But my friend Sam (loete)

~LHI', to cook.
 (a) I do not drinkcoffee. NEGATIVE: I ii , ,:t ,..
We
do not drinkcoffee.
You do not drinkcoffee.
+ do not + main vab
They do not drink coffee.
... -.. - . <,
(b) She doe8 not drink coffee.
He
It
dw8 not
doe8 not
drink coffee.
drink coffee.
i" I. ': " " "1
he +doe8not+mainverb

Do and dow are called "helping verbs."

i!w ?.,,rI I&DOI

&%68 ~~mori .:J
Notice in (b): In 3rd person singular, there is no -8 on the
main verb; the final -a is pan of d m .
INCORRECT: She h s not dri?ZkJw f f ~ .

(c) I.don't drink tea. C O ~ ~ ~ ~ A C Tdo N S := don't

I Onot . , ,..,, -
They don't have a car. does not = doedn't

I (d) He doesn't drink tea.

Mary doem't have a car. I People usually use contractions when they speak.
People often use contractions when they write.

EXERCISE 14: Use the words in italics to make NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

- -7

I. liks, not Ingrid doesn't like tea. C, irji r,

3. know, not Mary and Jim are strangers. Mary -. ,---. Jim.
'*.*I d 4. wed, not It's a nice day today. You YOU
umbrella.
5 . snoeu, not It in Bangkok in the winter.
J til:
6, speak, not I French.
,\>"*m
I

7.be,not I hungry.
-- .I".!. < ! I

8. live, not Butterflies long.

9. have, not A buttefly a long life.
10. be, not A butterfly large.
11. be, not Butterflies large.
12. have, not We class every day.

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PAAT 1) . 67

 13. have, not This city -nice weather in the summer.
a:""' " ":, ..
14. be, not It cold today. : - i. , i:,~

15. rain, not It every day, icwr ;&; : <. ,

',
& -*. ..c. :.a

EXERCISE 15: Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses. Use the SIMPLE
PRESENT TENSE.

1. Alex (like) likes tea, but he (like, not) d o ~ /twlakp

I coffee.

--2. Sara (know) - Ali, but she (know, not)

--.

. . . , ;f@ !,
5 . Mr. Smith (drink, not) coffee, but Mr. Jones
~
4

(drink) twelve cups every day.

6 . I (be, not) r i c h . I (have, not)

w s h .x: .l mm @

a lot of money.

7. This pen (belong, not) - -to me. It (belong)

to Pierre.

8. My friends (live, not) in the dorm. They (have)

.J!.mimu
an apartment.

9. It (be) a nice day today. It (be, not) - cold. You

lo. Today (be) a holiday. We (have, not).

class today. , :. ,I
 EXERCISE 16: Use verbs from the list to complete the sentences. Make all of the sentences
NEGATIVE by using does + not or do + not. ,L>.

shave

C
.
' .
1. Bob doesn/t go to school every day. .,$j

2. My roommates are from Japan. They Spanish.

3. Fred has a beard. He in the morning.

4. Sue has a briefcase. She a bookbag to class.
.'iif. c;'
5. We to class on Sunday.
PI
. . i 6. Sally ta f her health. She cigarettes.
**.~.,
;;
7. Jane and Alex always have lunch at home. They at the
cafeteria.
;d-$~ 14
. 21
8. Sometimes I my homework in the evening. I watch
T V instead.
:>.;A .tc
9. Jack is a careful writer. He mistakes in
spelling when he writes.
S@BiJ- '
10. My sister likes tea, but she coffee.

11. I'mlazy. I exercises in the morning.

12. Sometimes Ann her shoes when she goes

,
, outside. She likes to walk barefoot in the grass. WJ*. I~;I
 EXERCISE 17-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Use not. I , . ,&I 5 2 : -,pa\ ,
-A . ,. :<-I .3 ,,'I' , :
TEACHER: eat breakfast every day
STUDENT A: I don't eat breakfast every day. . * , ~
TEACHER: Tell me about (Student A).
STUDENT B: ShelHe doesn't eat breakfast every day.
,

;,

, ,
' ~2
1. walk to school every day 7, write a letter every day (

2. shave every day .. . 8. go dancing every day

3, read a newspaper every day 9. drink coffee every day
&AL I
4. go shopping every day 10. eat lunch every day
, . 5. study grammar every day 11. listen to music every day .1 p
6. watch TV every day 12. come to class every day
biilCl ,'I

EXERCISE 18-ORAL: Use the given words to make truthful sentences. -M 1

1. Grass \be blue. Gmss isn't blue.
-+ 19. An architect \ design buildings.

=JWrn.W .* _ 2. Grass \ be green. -. Gmss is green.

3. Dogs \have tails. Dogs have taih.
-+
20. Doctors \design buildings.
21. Doctors \take care of sick people.
3fh rri -
-i . 4. People* \ have tails. People don't have tails.
5 . A restaurant \ sell shoes.
-+ 22. A bus \ carry people from one
place to another.
6. A restaurant \ serve food. 23. The weather \ be very hot today.
' ~.JJ- , ! 7. People \wear clothes. . -. .
-
.
-
.I .
,, 24. It \ be very cold today.
8. Animals \ wear clothes. 25. Glass \break.
9. A child \ need love, food, care, 26. Rubber \ be flexible.
!lf r J11
and toys. 27. Rubber \ break.
10. A child \ need a driver's license. 28. English \ be an easy language
11. Refrigerators \be hot inside. - -~ -.if I to learn.
12. Refrigerators \be cold inside. 29. People in this city \ be friendly,
-.
13. Electricity \ be visible. 30. It \ rain a lot in this city.
~ 3 - *14. Light \ be visible. - . . -. .
- . - - 31. Apples \ have seeds.
IS. Fresh vegetables \ b e good for you. . * ; I : ~ I W ~A; 32. Scientists \have all the answers to
16. Junk food** \be good for you. the mysteries of the universe.
17. Cats \have whiskers.
18. Birds \ have whiskers.

*Fmpb is a plud noun. It tpkes a plud vab.

**Junkfwd is food that hsn a lot of fat and/or sugar,but little nutritional value.
 DOlDOES + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB QuESTION FORMS, SIMPLE PRESENT
\
1+
Do1
(a) Do You like coffee? Do
main verb (simpleform)
Do we

Bob h e coffee?
Doe8 she
Does he
Does it t + main verb (simple fonn)

Notice in @): The main verb in the question does

not have a fmal -s. The final -8 is part of does.
INCORRECT: Does Bob llkd Coffee?

(c) Are you a student? When the main verb is a form of be, do is NOT
(d) INCORRECT: Do yew be a student? used. See Chart 1-9 for question forms with be.
I

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER + (LONG ANSWBR)

Do, don't, does, and doesn't are
(e) Do you like tea? + Yes, I do. (I like tea.) used in the short answers to yes/ no
No, I don't. (I don't like tea.) questions in the simple present.
( f ) Does Bob like tea? + Yes, he does. (He Ww tea.)
No, he doesn't. (He doesn't like tea.)
, . , 8, . . , ' . , , ~.. .
-3'
-. ,. .
'b"

EXERCISE 19: Make questions. Give short answers.

I. A: Do you l i k ~tea?
B: Yes. I do. (I like tea.)
2. A: DO, v d i k ~ f f ~ d
B: No.. I don't. (I don't like coffee.)

I 2,.,
B: (I don't speak Japanese.)

B: (Ann speaks French.)

B: (Annand Tom don't speak Arabic.)

. ,,. , >, ' ,
 B: (I do exercises every morning.)
7. A:

B: (I don't have a Spanish-English dictionary.)

B: (Sue has a cold.)

B: (The teacher comes to class every day.)

.n ,.

B: aim and Sue don't do their homework every day.)

. . .,*a# ' B: (It rains a lot in April.)

.. :,
-:,
: A:
12.
I.,.

B: (My parents live in Baghdad.)

EXERCISE 20-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Ask and answer questions.

TEACHER: walk to school every day ., . .!.'. ,
,,' 4
...<

STUDENT A: DOyou walk to school every day?

STUDENT B: Yes, I do. OR: No, I don't.
:: '

STUDENT A: Does (Student B) walk to school every day?

STUDENT C: Yes, helshe does. OR: No, helshe doesn't.

1. walk to school every day 9. wear blue jeans every day

2. watch T V every day 10. have a car
3. eat breakfast every day 11. have a bicycle
4. speak English every day 12. like ice cream
5. come to class every day 13, l i e (name of city)
6. get up at seven o'clock every day 14. live in (name of a hotel)
7, talk on the phone every day 15. live in an apartment
8. go to the bank every day 16. go shopping every day

W EXERCISE 21: Make questions. Give short answers. Use the names of your classmates in the
questions.

I. A: Does (Cados) speak Fnglish?

B: Yes. he does. (He speaks English.)
 2. A: Does (Yoko) s p & $ m i z h ?
B: NO. -em tt. (She doesn't speak Spanish.)

3. A:
..
Is (All) ~nd a s s todav ?
B: . /t.
No,. he nn (He isn't in class today.)

4. A:

B: (He comes to class every day.)

5. A:

B: (They're in class today.)

6 . A:

B: (She sits in the same seat every day.)

7. A:
, ,' . 2.. ,
B: (He has a mustache.) "

8. A:

B: (She doesn't have a bicycle.)

9. A:

B: (He's wearing blue jeans today.)

10. A:

B: (He wears blue jeans every day.)

11. A:

B: (They aren't from Indonesia.)

B: (They dan't have dictionaries on their desks.)

-+

B: (She's writing in her book right now.)

14. A:

B: (She studies hard.)

1 5 . A:

B: (They speak English.)

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 1) 6Q

 2-1 1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT: ASKING INFORMATION QUESTIONS
UIIW WIUCDC

(WHERE) + DO/DOES + SUEjBCT + MAINVERB SHORT ANSWER

(a) Do they live in Tokyo? + Yes, they do. / No, they don't.
(b) do they live? + In Tokyo.

(c) Does Gina live in Rome? + Yes, she does. I No, she doesn't.
(d) *re does Gina Ewe? + In Rome.

NOTE:(a) and (c) are called "yes/no questions." The answer to these questions can be yes or no. (b) and (d)
are called "information questions." The answer gives information. Where asks for information about place.

Notice in the examples: The form of yestno questions and information questions is the same:
DOIDOES + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB

EXERCISE 22: Make questions.

I. A: Does lean eat lunch at the cafeteria every day?
B: Yes, she does. (Jean eats lunch at the cafeteria every day.)

2. A: Where does lean eat lunch every day?

B: At the cafeteria. (Jean eats lunch at the cafeteria every day.)

3. A:
B: At the post office. (Peter works at the post office.)
4. A:
B: Yes, he does. (Peter works at the post office.)

5. A:
B: Yes, I do. ( I live in an apartment.)

6. A:
B: In an apartment. (I live in an apartment.)

7. A:
B: At a restaurant. (Bill eats dinner at a restaurant every day.)
8. A:
B: In the front row. (I sit in the front row during class.)

9. A:
B: At the University of Wisconsin. (Jessica goes to school at the University of
Wisconsin.)

10. A:
B: On my desk. (My book is on my desk.)
 11. A: -' d'
B: To class. (I go to class every morning.)
- ' 12.A:
B: In class. (The students are in class right now.)

13. A:
B: In Australia. (Kangaroos live in Australia.)

EXERCISE 23:-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Ask a classmate a question. Use whsrs.

Example: live
STUDENT A: Where do you live?
STUDENT B: (fiee response)
1, live 9. go after class
2. eat lunch every day 10. eat dinner
3. sit during class 11, be (name of a student in this room)
4. study at night 12. be (names of two students)
5. go to school 13. be (name of a country or city)
6. buy school supplies 14. be (names of two countries or cities)
7. buy your groceries 15. be (something a student owns)
8. go on weekends 16. be (some things a student owns)
 2- 12 THE SIMPLE PRESENT: ASKING INFORMATION QUESTIONS WITH
WHEN / WHAT TIME "-
Q-WORD*+ DOEF/DO + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB SHORT ANSWER

( a ) When do YOU go to class? + At nine o'clock.

( b ) What time do YOU go to class? + At nine o'clock.

( c ) When does Anna eat dinner? + At six^.^.

(d) What time does Anna eat dinner? -t At .&P.M.

(e) What time do you usually go to class? The frequency adverb usually comes immediately after the
subject in a question.
QUESnON WORD + DOBSIDO + SUBJECT + USUALLY + MAIN VEX3
*A "Q-word" 1s a "question word." Where, when, what, what time, who, and why are examples of question words.
. ' * 3

EXERCISE 24: Make questions.

1. A. When/What time do vou eat breakfast ?
B: At 7:30 (I eat breakfast at 7:30 in the morning.)

2. A: When/What time do you usually eat breakfast?

B: At 7:OO. (Alex usually eats breakfast at 7:OO.)

3. A:
B: At 6:45. (I get up at 6:45.)

4. A:
B: At 6:30. (Maria usually gets up at 6:30.)

5. A:
B: At 8: 15. (The movie starts at 8:15.)

6. A:
B: Around 11:OO. (I usually go to bed around 11:OO.)
I .. .
12 I

7. A:
B: At half-past twelve. (I usually eat lunch at half-past twelve.)

8. A:
B: At 5:30. (The restaurant opens at 5:30.)
9. A:
B: At 9:05. (The train leaves at 9:OS.)

10. A:
B: Between 6:30 and 8:OO. (I usually eat dinner between 6:30 and 8:OO.)
 11. A:
B: At 10:OO P.M. (The library closes at 10:OO P.M. on Saturday.)
(
-
--
-& 12. A:
B: At a quarter past eight. (My classes begin at a quarter past eight.)

EXERCISE 25-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Ask a classmate a question. Use when or

what time.
Example: eat breakfast
STUDENT A: W h e n m a t time do you eat breakfast?
STUDENT B: (bee response)
1. get u p 7. go back home
2. usually get up 8. get home
3. eat breakfast 9. have dinner
4. leave home in the morning 10. usually study in the evening
5, usually get to class 11. goto bed
6. eat lunch
+
I
'

!-I3 SUMMARY: INFORMATION QUESTIONS WITH BE AND D(

( a ) Where is Thailand? + Thailand is in Southeast Asia

(b) Where am your books? + My books are on my desk.
( c ) When is the concert? + The concert is on April 3rd.
(d) What is your name? + My name is Yoko.
( e ) Whattime is it? + It is ten-thirty.

I Q-WORD + DO + SUBJFCT + MAINVERB

I LONG ANSWER

(f ) Where do YOU live? + I live in Los Angeles.

( g ) What time does the plane arrive? + The plane am'ves at six-fifteen.
( h ) What do monkeys eat? + Monkeys eat fruit, plants, and insects.
( k ) When does Bob study? + Bob studies in the evenings.

NOTICE: In questions with be as the main and only verb, the subject follows be. In simple present questions
with verbs other than be, the subject comes between doldoes and the main verb.
EXERCISE 26: Complete the questions in the dialogues by using is, are, does, or do.
DIALOGUE ONE

(1) A: What time the movie start?

(2) B: Seven-fifteen. you want to go with us?
(3) A: Yes. What time it now?
(4) B: Almost seven o'clock. you ready to leave?
A: Yes, let's go.

DIALOGUE TWO

(5) A: Where my keys to the car?

I don't know. Where you usually keep them?
In my purse. But they're not there.
Are you sure?

(7) A: Yes. you see them?

(8) B: No. they in one of your pockets?
A: I don't think so.

(9) B: your husband have them?

A: No. He has his own set of car keys.
B: Well, I hope you find them.
A: Thanks.

DIALOGUE THREE

(10)A: you go to school?

B: Yes.

(11) A: your brother go to school too?

B: No. He quit school last semester. He has a job now.
 (12) A: it a good job?
B: Not really.
(13) A: Where he work?
B: At a restaurant. He washes dishes.

(14) A: he live with you?

B: No, he lives with my parents.
(15) A. your parents unhappy that he quit school?
B: They're very unhappy about it.
(16) A: they want him to return to school?
B: Of course. They don't want him to be a dishwasher for the rest of his life. They
have many dreams for him and his future.

EXERCISE 27: Complete the dialogues with appropriate questions.

I. A: What time does the c o n c e r ~ ?
B: At eight. (The concert begins at eight.)
2. A: Is Sun Fra- in the winter?
B: Yes, it is. (San Francisco is foggy in the winter.)
3. A:
B: In May. (The weather starts to get hot in May.)
:
4. A.
B: Yes. (I
dream in color.)
5. A:
B: Yes. (Igor comes from Russia.)
6. A:
B: Russia. (Olga comes from Russia.)
7. A:
B: Yes, he is. (Ivan is from Russia.)
8. A:
B: In Moscow. (Red Square is in Moscow.) . ' t,
9. A:
B: Yes. (Birds sleep.) (i

A:
B: In trees and bushes or in their nests. (They sleep in trees and bushes or in their
nests.)
10. A:
B: The blue whale. (The biggest animal on earth is the blue whale.)

11. A:
B: No, they aren't. (Whales aren't fish.)

A:
B: Yes, they are. (They are mammals.)

A:.
B: Yes, they do. (They breathe air.)

12. A:
B: No, it isn't. (A seahorse isn't a mammal.)

13. A:
B: A very small fish that looks a little like a horse.
(A seahorse is a very small fish that looks
a little like a horse.)

14. A:
B: Yes. (A starfish has a mouth.)

A:
B: In the middle of its underside. (It is in the middle of its underside.)

A:
B: Clams, oysters, and shrimp. (A starfish eats clams, oysters, and shrimp.)
EXERCISE 28: Complete the dialogues with your own words.
1. A: Do ?
B: No, I don't.

2. A: Where are ?
B: I don't know.

3. A: What time does ?

B:
4. A: When do ?

B:

6 . A: What is ?

B:
7. A: Are ?

B:
8. A: What are
.
B:
9. A: Whatdo ?

B:
10. A: What does

EXERCISE 29-ORAL/WRITTEN: Interview someone (a friend, a roommate, a classmate,

etc.) about her/his daily schedule. Use the information from the interview to write a
composition.
Some questions you might want to ask during the interview:
What do you do every morning?
What do you do every afternoon?
What do you do every evening?
What time do you. . . ?
When do YOU.. . ?
Where do you. . . ?
 2-14 USING ITTO TALK ABOUT TIME

QUESTION ANSWER
In English, people use it to
(a) What day is it? It's Monday. express (to talk about) time.
(b) What month is it? It's September.
(c) What year is it? I t ' s . Look at Appendixes 2 and 3 in
(d) What's the date today? It's September 15th. the back of the book for lists of
It's the 15th of September. days, months, and numbers.
( e) What time is it? It's 9:00.*
It's nine. Look at Appendix 4 in the back
It's nine o'clock. of the book for ways of saying the
It's nine (o'clock) A.M. time.

*American English uses a colon (two dots) between the hour and the minutes: 9:00 A.M. British English uses one dot:
9.00 A.M.

EXERCISE 30: Make questions. Use what in your questions.

1. A: What dav is it?
B: It's 'lkesday.

2. A:
B: It's March 14th.

4. A:
B: March.

5. A:
B: It's six-fifteen.

B: The 1st of April

7. A:
B: Wednesday.
8. A:
B: July 3rd.

9. A:
B: It's 6:05.

10. A:
B: It's 1 0 5 5 .
 2- 15 PREPOSITIONS OF TlME
- . . +. ,*. .. . . ". ,.,
, ,, . . . . ..

(a) We have class at one o'clock. a specific time on the dock

(b) I have an appointment with the doctor at 3:OO.
(c) We sleep at night. at + night

in (d) My birthday is in October. in + specific month

(e) Iwasbomin 1960. in + specific year
( f ) We have class in the morning. in + the morning
(g) Bob has class in the afternoon. in + the afternoon
( h ) I study in the evening. in + the ewening

( i ) I have class on Monday. on + a specific day of the week

( j ) I was born on October 31,1975. on + a specific date

Fpm (a specific time) to (a specific time)

EXERCISE 3 1 : Complete the sentences with PREPOSITIONS OF TIME.

1. We have class at ten o'clock.

2. We have class ten eleven.

3. I have class the morning. '. *,;v

4. I work the afternoon.

5. I study the evening.

6. I sleep night.

7. I was born May.

8. I was born 1979.

9. I was born May 25.

10. Iwas born May 25, 1979.

11. The post office isn't open Sunday.

12. T h e post office is open 8:00A.M. 9 0 0 P.M. Monday.

13. The post office closes 5:00 P.M.

EXPRESSING PRESENT TlME (PART 1) H 73

EXERCISE 32: Complete the sentences with PREPOSInONS OF TIME.
1. Jane has an appointment with the dentist ten-thirty.

2. We go to class the morning.

3. The bank is open Friday, but it isn't open Saturday.

4. My birthday is February.

5. I was born February 14, 1973.

6. 1watch television the evening.

7. I go to bed night.

8. The bank is open 9:00 A.M. 4:00 P.M.

9. I was in high school 1988.

10. Our classes begin January 10.

11. I study at the library the afternoon.

12. We have a vacation August.

( a ) It's sunny today. In English, people usually use it when they talk
(b) It's hot and humid today. about the weather.
( c ) It's a nice day today.

(d) What's the weather like in Istanbul in January? People commonly ask about the weather by
(e) How's the weather in Moscow in the summer? saying: What's the weather like? OR:How's the
weather?

EXERCISE 33-ORAL: How's the weather today? Use these words to talk about today's
weather.
Example: hot
Response: It's hot today. OR: It isn't / It's not hot today.
1. hot 7. cloudy 13. gloomy
2. warm 8. partly cloudy 14. humid
3. cool 9. clear 15. muggy
4. chilly 10. nice 16. stormy
5. cold 11, windy 17. freezing
6. sunny 12. foggy 18. below freezing
 EXERCISE 34-ORAL: Change the Fahrenheit temperatures to Celsius by choosing
temperatures from the list. Then describe the temperature in words.

Thermometer

I
"F "C
50"
40'
30' above freezing
FARENHEIT CELSIUS DESCRIPTION 20"
1 o0
1. 50•‹F 10•‹C cool, chilly
0" freezing
2. 32•‹F -10"
-20"
3. l0ODF below freezing
-30"
4. 75'F -40" -40"
-60'~ -50D
5. O0F

EXERCISE 35: "Approximate" means "close but not exact." Here is a fast way to get an
approximate number when you convert from one temperature system to another.*

TOchange Celsius to Fahrenheit: DOUBLE THE CELSIUS NUMBER AM)ADD 30.

Examples: 12'C x 2 = 24 + 30 = 54'E (Exact numbers: 12OC = 53.6"E)
20•‹Cx 2 = 40 + 30 = 70•‹E (Exact numbers: 20•‹C= 68OE)
35'C x 2 = 70 + 30 = 100•‹E (Exact numbers: 35OC = 95OF)
To change Fahrenheit to Celsius: SUBTRACT 30 OM THE F A H R E N NUMBER
~
2.
AND THEN D M D E BY

I Examples: 60•‹F- 30 = 30 - 2 = 15•‹C. (Exact numbers: 60•‹F= 15.6OC.)

80•‹F- 30 = 50 - 2 = 2S•‹C. (Exact numbers: 80•‹F= 26.7"C.)
90•‹F- 30 = 60 - 2 = 30•‹C. ( ~ x a cnumbers:
t 90•‹F= 32.2T.j

Change the following from Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Celsius. Calculate the
approximate numbers.
1. 22•‹C + 22•‹C= approximately 74'F (2Z•‹Cx 2 = 44 + 30 = 74OF)
2. 2•‹C 6. 45OF
3. 30•‹C 7. 70•‹F
4. 10•‹C 8. 58'F
5. 16OC 9. 100•‹F

*To get exact numbers, use these formulas: C = 519 ( O F -32) OR F = 915 (OC) + 32.
EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 1) W 75
EXERCISE 36-REVIEW: Add -s or -eswhere necessary. Discuss the correct pronunciation:
Is/, lzl, or lazl.
ABDUL AND PABLO

s (hies = lib2 + /z/)

(1) My friend Abdul live, in an apartment near school. (2) He walk to school

almost every day. (3) Sometimes he catch a bus, especially if it's cold and rainy

outside. (4) Abdul share the apamnent with Pablo. (5) Pablo come from Venezuela.

(6) Abdul and Pablo go to the same school. (7) They take English classes. (8) Abdul

speak Arabic as his frst language, and Pablo speak Spanish. (9) They communicate in

English. (10) Sometimes Abdul try to teach Pablo to speak a little Arabic, and Pablo

give Abdul Spanish lessons. (1 1) They laugh a lot during the Arabic and Spanish

lessons. (12) Abdul enjoy having Pablo as his roommate, but he miss his family back in

Saudi Arabia.

SNRKES

(13) Snakes eat all sorts of things. (14) Eggs are a favorite food of many snakes.

(15 ) When a snake eat an egg, the snake frst curl around the egg. (16) It don't want the

egg to roll away. (17) Then the snake open its mouth and move the egg into its throat.

(18) It squeeze the egg with muscles in its neck. (19) The egg break and go into the

snake's stomach. (20) Then the snake spit out the eggshell. (21) Snakes love to eat eggs.

EXERCISE 37-REVIEW: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the
SIMPLE PRESENT of the verbs.

1. (Anita, go) Does Anita GO to her uncle's house every day?

2. (monkeys, eat) insects?

3. A: I usually (remember, not) my dreams.

(you, remember) your dreams?

 B: Sometimes. I often (write) my dreams down as soon as

I wake up. I (like) to think about my dreams. I (Py)

to understand them.

4. I (understand, not) my brother. He

(have, not) a job or a place to live. He (sleep)

at his friends' aparments. He (take, not)

care of himself. I (worry) about him all the time.

5. Ocean waves (be) interesting. In an ocean wave, water (mom)

up and down, but the water (mme, not)

forward. This movement (bej the same

as the movement you can see in a rope. If you shake one end of a rope, waves (run)
along the rope, but the rope (mwe, not)
forward. The water in an ocean wave ( m m )
forward only when a wave (reach) land. Then an ocean wave (cawy)
sand and other things forward

when it @it) a sandy beach.

6 . A: (you, study) a lot?

B: I (study) at least three hours every night. My roommate

(study) at least five hours. She's very serious about

her education. How about you? (you, spend)

a lot of time studying?

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 1) 77

 A: No, I don't. I (spend) as little time as possible. I

(like, not) to study.

B: Then why lyou, be) a student?

A: My parents (want) me to go to school. I (want, not)

to be here.

B: In that case, I (think) that you should drop out of school

and find a job until you figure out what you want to do with your life.

7 . I (have) two roommates. One of them, Sam, is always neat

and clean. He (wash) his clothes once a week, lyoy k n m )

Matt, my other roommate? He (bei

the opposite of Sam. For example, Matt (change, not) the

sheets on his bed. He (keep) the same sheets week after

week. He (wash, never) his clothes.

He (wear) the same dirty jeans every day. Sam's side of the

room (be, always) neat, and Matt's side

(be, always) a mess. As my mother always

(say) ,it (take) all kinds of people

to make a world.

78 W CHAPTER 2
4 EXERCISE 38-REVIEW: Complete the dialogues with your own words by asking questions.

1. A:
B: No, I don't.
2. A:
B: Yes, I am.

3. A:
B: In an apartment.

5 . A:
B: Monday.

6. A:
B: At home.

7. A:
B: No, he doesn't.

8. A:
B: No, she isn't.
9. A:
B: South of the United States.

10. A:
B: Yes, it is.
11. A:
B: Yes, they do.

12. A:
B: In Southeast Asia.
13. A:
B: Hot in the summer.

14. A:
B: September.

15. A:
B: Yes, I do.

EXPRESSING PRESENTTIME (PART 1) 79

W EXERCISE 39-REVIEW: Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
lives
1. Yoko 4ke in Japan.

2. Ann comes usually to class on time.

3. Peter watch T V every evening.

4. Anita carry a briefcase to work every day

5. She enjoy her job.

6. I no know Joe.

7. Mike don't like milk. He never drink it.

8. Tina doesn't speaks Chinese. She speakes Spanish.

9. Do you are a student?

10. Does your roommate sleeps with the window open?

11. A: Do you like strong coffee?

B: Yes, I like.

12. Where your parents live?

13. What time is your English class begins?

14. Olga isn't need a car. She have a bicycle.

15. Do Pablo does his homework every day?

W EXERCISE 40-REVIEW: Choose the correct completion.

1. Alex know French.

A. isn't B. doesn't C. don't

2. Alex speak Russian?

A. Is B. Does C. Do

3. Alex from Canada?

A. Is B. Does
4. When you usually study?
A. are B. does C, do

80 CHAPTER 2
 5. Anita a job.
A. no have B, no has C. doesn't have
6. Omar his new car every Sawday.
A. wash B. washs C. washes
7. Where does Tina to school?
A. go B, goes C. togo
8. Fumiko English at this school.
A. study B. studies C. studys
9. Fumiko and Omar students at this school.
~. . ,,"
A. is B. are C. be

10. They speak the same language.

A. aren't B. doesn't C. don't

H EXERCISE 41-REVIEW: Complete the sentences.

1. A: Doyou ?

B: Yes, I do. How about you? D o you ?

2. A: don't
B: I know. ,,.I:, :. i . ., . , A . ,, :I , ..
I.-- .
1 I
3. A: doesn't
B: Really? Does ?
A: I don't know. ,. a , . . , ,
. . ~. c ,*'!, ! ; 7

4. A: Where is , . ?
B: At home.
A: Where does ?
B: On Fifth Avenue.
, 4 ' .ti . '.
. ..I
5 . A: ?
B: Yes, I do.
A: ?
B: No, he doesn't. .+:, ' !~'1 L . , ,, . . . . ,. < . . . . ... .,
;:.I I I
A: ?
B: Yes, I am.
&I

A: .. ,. . ; I . ?
B: No, he isn't.
, .. ,',, ,L . ., ,,.
,,I ,
 6. A: Do you like ?

B: Yes, of course I . Everybody

7. A: What snakes?

B: They long, thin animals. They have

legs.

A: snakes reptiles?

B: Yes, they

A: snakes eat eggs?

B: Yes, they

8. A: you usually in the morning?

A: When ?

W EXERCISE 42-REVIEW: Work in pairs. Follow the steps listed below.

1. STUDENT A: Say five things about Student B's physical appearance (for example,
describe hair color, eye color, straight or curly hair, glasses, a mustache, a beard, etc.).
STUDENT B: Agree or disagree with the description.

Example:
STUDENT A: You have dark hair.
STUDENT B: (Nods in agreement.)
STUDENT A: You have black eyes.
STUDENT B: No, I have brown eyes.
STUDENT A: You have dark brown eyes.
STUDENT B: Okay. That's right.
STUDENT A: You wear glasses.
STUDENT B: Yes.
Etc.
Then switch roles, with Student B saying fiw things about Student A's appearance.
2. S~UDENT A: Ask Student B five questions about things s h e has and doesn't have
(for example, a car, a computer, a pet, children, a TV set, a briefcase, etc.).
STUDENT B: Answer the questions.

Example:
STUDENT A: DOYOU have a car?
STUDENTB: NO.
STUDENT A: DOYOU have a computer.
STUDENT B: Yes, but it's not here. It's in my country.
Etc.
 Then switch roles.
3. STUDENT A: Ask Student B five questions about things s h e lies and doesn't like (for
example, kinds of food and drink, music, movies, books, etc.)
STUDENT B: Answer the questions.

Example:
STUDENT A: DOyou like pizza?
STUDENT B: Yes.
STUDENT A: DOyou like the music of (name of a group or singer)?
STUDENT B: NO, I don't.
Etc.
Then switch roles.
4. Write about the other person. Give a physical description. Write about things this
person has and doesn't have. Write about things this person likes and doesn't like.
. ) , . { ; f
., L -
., 8, 1

EXERCISE &REVIEW: Find out informition about your classmates' hoAetowns. Use the
information to write a report. Ask questions about: the name of lhe hometown, its
location, its population, its weather and average tempemture in a particular month (of your
choosing). ,,,J.. . ;
Example: .-
STUDENT A: What's your hometown?
STUDENT B: Athens.
STUDENT A: Where is it located?
STUDENT B: In southwestern Greece on the Aegean Sea.
STUDENT A: What's the population of Athens?
STUDENT B: 3,507,000.
STUDENT A: What's the weather like in Athens in May?
STUDENT B: It's mild. Sometimes it's a little rainy.
STUDENT A: What's the average temperature in May?
STUDENT B: The average temperature is around 8 O Celsius.

Chartfor recording information about your classmates' hometowns.

sypros
I I

Athens

SW Greece on
Aegean Sea

almost 4 million
I

mild in May
(around 8"C,
h the mid-forties
Fahrenheit)

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 1) 83