Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
95 views15 pages

Power System Fault Analysis

This document discusses unsymmetrical fault analysis in power systems. It defines unsymmetrical faults as those where the impedances in each phase are not equal, such as line-to-ground, line-to-line, and line-to-line-to-ground faults. It explains that unsymmetrical quantities can be transformed into symmetrical components consisting of positive, negative, and zero sequence components. The positive sequence represents normal system operation, negative sequence arises from disturbances, and zero sequence has all three phases in phase. It provides equations to calculate the symmetrical components from the unbalanced phase quantities.

Uploaded by

zeemred085
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
95 views15 pages

Power System Fault Analysis

This document discusses unsymmetrical fault analysis in power systems. It defines unsymmetrical faults as those where the impedances in each phase are not equal, such as line-to-ground, line-to-line, and line-to-line-to-ground faults. It explains that unsymmetrical quantities can be transformed into symmetrical components consisting of positive, negative, and zero sequence components. The positive sequence represents normal system operation, negative sequence arises from disturbances, and zero sequence has all three phases in phase. It provides equations to calculate the symmetrical components from the unbalanced phase quantities.

Uploaded by

zeemred085
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

UNSYMMETRICAL FAULT ANALYSIS Redwanul Mahbub Talukder

FAULT ANALYSIS
A fault in a power system refers to an abnormal condition where the normal flow of
electric current is interrupted due to various reasons such as equipment failures,
short circuits, insulation breakdowns, and external factors.

Fault analysis is critical for maintaining a reliable and secure electrical supply and
optimize system performance

Fault analysis can be of two types depending upon the impedances in each phase
i. Balanced / Symmetrical Faults
ii. Unbalanced / Unsymmetrical Faults
SYMMETERICAL AND UNSYMMETRICAL NETWORK

Symmeterical Network Unsymmetrical Network


UNSYMMETRICAL FAULT TYPES
i. L-G( Line to Ground) Fault :
Phase conductor contacts the ground and results in phase to ground short circuit
Ii. L-L( Line to Line) Fault :
Two phases come into contact and results in phase to phase short circuit
Iii. L-L-G( Line to Line to Ground) Fault :
One phase touches another phase and the ground
UNSYMMETRICAL FAULT ANALYSIS
In 1918 Charles Legeyt Fortescue demonstrated that any set of N
unbalanced phasors could be expressed as the sum of N symmetrical sets of
balanced phasors

The unsymmetrical quantities are transformed into symmetrical components-


positive, negative and zero sequence.
UNSYMMETRICAL FAULT ANALYSIS

Unsymmetrical phasors Unsymmetrical Network


in time domain
POSITIVE SEQUENCE COMPONENT
Positive sequence components represent the normal operating conditions of a
balanced power system, where all phases have identical characteristics.

All three voltages (A, B, and C phases) are equal in magnitude and have a 120-
degree phase separation from one another .
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE COMPONENT
Negative sequence voltages typically arise from asymmetrical faults, unbalanced
loads, or other disturbances.

All three voltages (A, B, and C phases) are equal in magnitude and have a 120-
degree phase separation from one another in a direction opposite to that of positive
Sequence.
ZERO SEQUENCE COMPONENT
Zero sequence voltage refers to a set of voltages that are equal in magnitude and in
phase with each other.

All three voltages (A, B, and C phases) are equal in magnitude and have no phase
separation from one another
UNSYMMETRICAL NETWORK WITH
SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS

VR= VR1 + VR2 + VR3


VB= VB1 + VB2 + VB3
VY= VY1 + VY2 + VY3
OPERATOR a
The operator a is one, which when multiplied to a vector rotates the vector
through 120° in the anticlockwise direction.

a = 1∠120° = -0.5+j 0.866


a2 = 1∠240° = -0.5-j 0.866
a3 = 1∠360° = 1
1+ a + a2 = 0
VOLTAGE IN SYMMETRICAL COMPONENT
VR= VR1 + VR2 + VR3
VB= VB1 + VB2 + VB3
VY= VY1 + VY2 + VY3

VR= VR1 + VR2 + VR3


VB= a VR1 + a2 VR2 + VR3
VY= a2 VR1 + a VR2 + VR3
SYMMETRICAL COMPONENT VALUES
1
Positive sequence voltage, VR1 = (VR +a VB+ a2Vy)
3
1
Negative sequence voltage, VR2 = (VR + a2 VB+ a VY)
3
1
Zero sequence voltage, VR3 = (VR + VB+ VY)
3

1
Positive sequence current, IR1 = (IR +a IB+ a2Iy)
3
1
Negative sequence current, IR2 = (IR + a2 IB+ a IY)
3
1
Zero sequence current, IR3 = (IR + IB+ IY)
3
MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM
The current in a 3 phase unbalanced system are:
IR = (12+ j6) A , IB = (12- j12)A, IY = (-15+ j10) A
The phase sequence is RYB. Calculate the zero, negative and positive components of current.

You might also like