Name:__Leo Radziwon, Andy Bradford,CLAY METZ___________________________________________
Score:___________________
Lab 2:
Kinetic Principles
Mass and Weight
1. Define mass. Rank the following objects of most to least massive: a) soccer ball; b)
stability ball, c) tennis ball; d) lacrosse ball; e) Frisbee; f) medicine ball; g) golf ball.
- Mass is the amount of matter an object has.
1. Stability ball
2. Medicine Ball
3. Soccer Ball
4. Frisbee
5. Lacrosse Ball
6. Tennis Ball
7. Golf Ball
2. Define weight. Rank the objects in question #1 in order of most to least weight.
Compare the two rankings of mass and weight. Are they the same? Explain.
- Weight is the amount of gravity acting on an object.
1. Kettlebell
2. Stability Ball
3. Soccer Ball
4. Lacrosse Ball
5. Frisbee
6. Tennis Ball
7. Golf Ball
Force
To begin a movement, a force must be produced within the body to overcome inertia.
Relative to applying this information, refer to the following information:
1. The inertia of a body is directly proportional to its mass.
2. To overcome inertia, a force must be exerted on a mass.
3. Motor activity involves the movement of the total body or its component parts.
4. The force that commonly overcomes inertia during movements is provided by
muscular contraction.
5. Work = force x distance (W = fd)
_________________________
FORCE? CAUSE
Speed Up Change
Direction
Slow Down
EFFECT
When force is applied to an object, there is a cause and effect relationship. Based on this
relationship, what would you rather move by pushing – a bicycle or car? Explain your
answer.
- A bicycle, since the force I exert on the bike would be exerted back onto me, and the
force exerted by a car back onto me would be far more significant, it would be much
easier to push the bike with far less weight.
Activities for Force Properties:
1. Draw and label the properties of force/vector on Figure 1. The gray oval on this
sagittal view represents the hamstrings on the posterior aspect of the femur. Fill in
the blanks with a description for the four properties.
1. Point of Application Rotating around the knee joint.
2. Line of Action Upward due to the pulling force from insertion to origin
3. Direction Upward due to the muscle contracting upwards from insertion to
origin
4. Magnitude Relative to the force that it needed to move the leg and the weight
being applied to it
2. Friction – Have each member of your group remove one shoe. Use a spring scale to
determine the magnitude of static and kinetic friction for each shoe on two different
surfaces. Present your results in the following table and explain the results. (You
may need to add a small weight to the shoe).
Surface Magnitude of Static Friction (grams) Magnitude of Kinetic Friction (grams)
Carpet 450 g 450g 450g 450g 500g 500g 500g 500g
High Table 275g 275g 275g 275g 350g 250g 250g 250g
Free Body Diagrams:
Free Body Diagrams (FBD) are simple representations of forces on a diagram using vectors.
They are useful in visualizing or calculating the effect of external forces on the system to
determine how to maintain or change a position or determine stress/strains. The term free
comes from removing the subject from the environment.
Activities for free body diagrams:
• Have a partner stand on a body weight scale in anatomical position and record the
value in the box below.
• Have a partner stand on a body scale while doing a calf stretch and have an assistant
hold another scale up on the wall under the performer’s hands. Record the values
for both scales in the box.
• Draw vectors to represent all of the major external forces (i.e. muscle action,
friction, ground reaction, and gravity) acting on the subject. Place the tail of the
vector at the point of force application.
• Use the values from the scales under the feet and/or hands to make the vector lengths
an accurate representation of the actual forces present. Create your own scaling
system. Correctly represent the direction of the force on the diagram as well.
Weight: 197 Weight Hands: 15
Weight Feet: 201
FBD Standing FBD Calf Stretch
