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This document summarizes the key steps in the research process and provides additional details on specific research concepts and terms. It discusses 10 steps in the research process: 1) identifying and defining the research problem, 2) stating the research problem, 3) defining variables, 4) formulating hypotheses, 5) choosing a research design, 6) identifying the population and sampling, 7) data collection, 8) data processing, 9) data analysis and interpretation, and 10) report preparation and dissemination. It also provides details on Good and Scates' 8 criteria for questionnaire validation, defines key research terms like independent and dependent variables, and provides two sample data sets to calculate reliability coefficients using Pearson's r correlation.

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manuel V polido
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19 views2 pages

Text

This document summarizes the key steps in the research process and provides additional details on specific research concepts and terms. It discusses 10 steps in the research process: 1) identifying and defining the research problem, 2) stating the research problem, 3) defining variables, 4) formulating hypotheses, 5) choosing a research design, 6) identifying the population and sampling, 7) data collection, 8) data processing, 9) data analysis and interpretation, and 10) report preparation and dissemination. It also provides details on Good and Scates' 8 criteria for questionnaire validation, defines key research terms like independent and dependent variables, and provides two sample data sets to calculate reliability coefficients using Pearson's r correlation.

Uploaded by

manuel V polido
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Area 1 - Research and statistics

1. Regardless of type or method, all Research studies are conducted using more or
less the same process. Below is the graphical presentation of the research process.
Discuss very comprehensively and clearly each of the steps included in the process
(50 points)

Research Process

Step 1. Identification and definition of a research problem


- Discuss the theoretical conceptual framework formulation
Step 2. Statement of research problem
Step 3. Operational definition of variables
Step 4. Hypothesis formulation
Step 5. Choosing appropriate research design suited to your study
Step 6. Identification of target population and sampling
Step 7. Data collection
- Discuss preparation of result instrument
- Discuss reliability testing and validation
- Discuss question administration/ interview
- Discuss quality control
Step 8. Data processing
- Discuss Editing
- Discuss Coding
- Discuss Encoding
- Discuss Creation of data files
- Discuss Tabulation
Step 9. Data analysis and interpretation
- Statistical analysis
- Interpretation
- Generalization
Step 10. Report preparation and information dissemination

Question number 2.
A. Give and explain exhaustively the 8 point criteria of Good and Scates for
questionare validation (20 points)

B. Explain exhaustively the following (30 points)


1. Independent variables
2. Dependent variables
3. Intervening variables
4. Randomization
5. Sample
6. Sample size
7. Reliability test
8. Validity
9. Type I error
10. Type II error
11. Theoretical framework
12. Conceptual framework
13. Exogenous variables
14. Variable
15. Respondent
16. Subject
17. Hypothesis
18. Population
19. Descriptive research
20. Action research

Area 1 research and statistics


Problem solving

1. The following 2 sets of achievement test scores in science 1 where obtained from
the same individuals using a researcher made instrument administered at different
times. Solve for the coefficient of reliability of this instrument (25 points).
Show or give the formula.

Student no., Scores in 1st test, scores in 2nd test

1. 80 81
2. 83 85
3. 84 86
4. 87 82
5. 78 84
6. 77 78
7. 90 91
8. 59 67
9. 93 89
10. 85 92

Make use of pearson r

Question number 2 (25 points)


A small sample set is employed here-a test of forty items for 10 students. The
items are then divided into 2, the even (x) and odd (y). Solve the reliability
coefficient and interpret the results. (25 points) give/ show the formula.

Student No. Scores (40) X (even) Y (odd)


1. 40 20 20
2. 28 15 13
3. 35 19 16
4. 38 18 20
5. 22 10 12
6. 20 12 8
7. 35 16 19
8. 33 16 17
9. 31 12 19
10. 28 14 14

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