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Parallel Operation of Alternators

1. Alternators are often operated in parallel at power stations for reliability and efficiency. This allows load to be shared across multiple smaller units rather than one large unit. 2. Three conditions must be fulfilled for proper synchronization: the incoming machine's voltage must match the busbar voltage, its frequency must match the busbar frequency, and its phase must be in opposition to the busbar phase to prevent circulating currents. 3. Additional requirements for 3-phase alternators include matching phase sequences, and synchronization methods like the three dark lamp method are used.

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212 views2 pages

Parallel Operation of Alternators

1. Alternators are often operated in parallel at power stations for reliability and efficiency. This allows load to be shared across multiple smaller units rather than one large unit. 2. Three conditions must be fulfilled for proper synchronization: the incoming machine's voltage must match the busbar voltage, its frequency must match the busbar frequency, and its phase must be in opposition to the busbar phase to prevent circulating currents. 3. Additional requirements for 3-phase alternators include matching phase sequences, and synchronization methods like the three dark lamp method are used.

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el Operation of Alternators

PARALLEL OPERATION OF ALTERNATORS


In most power stations it is necessary to supply power from several small units
(alternators) than that from a large single unit. There are a number of good reasons
for this practice. The reasons for this practice are given below:

1. Local or regional load may exceed the rating of the largest alternator available.
2. High efficiency of operation-the machines are inefficient on part loads and shutting
down of one or more alternators allows the remaining machines supplying the load
to operate on full load or near full load.
3. Increased reliability – in case of failure of one unit, the continuity of supply can be
maintained by other units.
4. Repair of units is more economical and convenient.
5. Small cost of standby unit.
6. Load growth can be handled by additional units without disturbing the original
installation.

Conditions for Proper Synchronizing


The process of connecting an alternator in parallel with another alternator or with
common bus-bars is called the synchronizing.
The following conditions must be fulfilled for proper synchronizing of alternators.

1. The terminal voltage of the incoming machine must be approximately equal to bus-
bar voltage.
2. The frequency of the incoming machine must be equal to that bus-bars.
3. The phase of the incoming machine voltage must be the same as that of the bus-
bar voltage relative to the load i.e. the phase voltages of the incoming machine and
the bus-bar should be in phase opposition. This implies that there will be no
circulating current between the windings of the alternators already in operation
(the bus-bars) and the incoming machine.

In the case of 3-phase alternators an additional requirement is that phase


sequence of the incoming machine voltages must be the same as that of the bus-
bars.
The methods used for synchronization of 3-phase alternators are
1. Three dark lamp method.
2. Two bright lamp and
3. One dark lamp method synchroscope method. Synchroscope method is considered
the best method.
Conditions Necessary For Parallel Operation of Alternators
For successful parallel operation, reactances in the armatures are essential so that
in case of any disturbance in the parallel operation, the synchronizing power or
torque may come in operation to restore synchronism.

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