TILES
SETTING
Reporters:
Ramos, Trixie Jewel T.
Duldulao, Paula Kim
Mangibunong, Abegail
Fernandez, Krysta Sheena E.
Letas, Shekinah
Villanueva, Janeva
Antonio, Ashegail
Principles of Floor
and
Wall Tiling
Tiling
-is the process of laying tiles on a surface.
❑The purpose of tiling is to protect the surface of an area,
whether it is in a house or any other building. Tiles serve
more than just their function; they also play an important
role in the interior design of a house or building by creating
an atmosphere that adds to the look and vibe of the space.
❑The advantage of tiling is that a tile is easy to keep clean.
The surface is much easier and less time-consuming to care
for than other floor types. By simply cleaning them with a
mop once a week, they'll look pristine.
Tiles are hard-wearing thin plates that are used for covering
walls, floors, roofs, countertops and etc. in a building. It can
be ceramics, wood, natural stones, baked clays, glass, etc.
They come in a variety of colors, shapes, sizes, designs and
quality.
Kinds of Tiles:
1. Ceramic Tiles
2. Granite Tiles
3. Marble Tiles
Guidelines for Quality Tiling:
1. Right quality of materials
It should not be overemphasized, select the best materials. The
tiles to be used should not be chipped at the edges or cracked prior
to installation.
2. Workmanship
Some tilers are so careless when cutting tiles that they cause
misalignment of tiles. The tiler should ensure the tiles are very
level, and not kicking at the joints. Also ensure that he cuts it
neatly.
3. Use the right tools
The tiler should ensure that he has the right tools such as plumbs,
spirit levels, laser levels, blue lines, spacers, cutting machines,
diamond cutting discs/blades, diamond drill bits, tile trowels, rubber
grout float, etc.
4. Quality of supervision
No matter how good a tiler is, his work still needs to be supervised
and adequately monitored. The supervisor must ensure that the tiler
sticks to the highest quality.
5. Tiling pattern/layout drawing
Herringbone Pattern
Brickbond Pattern
Diagonal Pattern
Modular Pattern
6. Check for straightness of wall before commencing tiling work
This is particularly important because tiling exposes defective works
suck as lack of straightness of walls. When the edges of the walls are
not square, the tiling may not come out well.
7. Avoid small offcuts at the edges
It is very unpleasant to have offcuts less the 10 mm at the edge of
walls or floors. And they are not pleasing to the eyes. To achieve this
the tiler has some calculations to do, which usually involves finding
the centerlines of the floor/wall to be tiled. Two things are involved,
it is either the centerline of the floor, or the groove (spacer/joint)
between the adjacent tiles coincides with the centerline of the
floor/wall. Anyone that gives the bigger tile size at the edge should be
adopted.
8. Grouting
Grouting material should be non-expansive, and the grouter must
be careful and skilled. For walls it is usually beautiful if the grouting
material does not fill up the groove completely. The color of the
grouting cement must be carefully selected.
9. Mitring and use edge trims
At exterior edges of elements like columns and walls, it always a
good practice to mitre the tiles meeting at the edges so that the
joint will close properly. The thickness of the tiles determine
whether they can be mitred or not.
Materials and Tools:
• Tile Adhesive: Also known as thinset
or mortar, this is used to adhere the
tiles to the surface.
• Grout: Used to fill the gaps between
tiles and secure them in place.
• Tile Spacers: These maintain
consistent spacing between
tiles for even grout lines.
• Backer Board: If you're tiling
on walls or floors, backer
board provides a stable
surface.
• Tile Sealer: Especially important for
natural stone tiles, it helps protect
them from staining.
• Tile Edging Trim: Used to finish the
edges of tiled surfaces and create a
clean look.
• Sander: Smoothens and removes
leftover debris of the surface.
• Painter’s Tape: Used to mask areas
that must not be covered with caulk
or grout and a tile part that must
not be written with any marking
tool.
• Cleaning Rag: Used for wiping
excess adhesive and grout on
the tiles.
• Knee Pads: Reduces the risk of
knee injuries or problems
incurred during all phases of
work when tiling.
• Safety Glasses: Protects eyes
from chips, splinters, and
other flying debris.
• Gloves: Protects skin prom
dryness and irritation during
tile grouting and cleaning the
tiles.
• Ear Protection: Protects ears
when using power tools or
cutting on the wet saw.
• Mask and Respirator: Helps to
protect the lungs from dust
caused by grouts and thinsets.
• Tile Cutter or Wet Saw: For cutting
tiles to fit in corners or edges.
• Tile Nippers: Used for small, precise
cuts in tiles.
• Power Drill: Used when drilling a
hole on the tile/tiles.
• Grout Float: Used to spread and
press grout into the gaps.
• Rubber Mallet: To gently tap
tiles into place and ensure they
are level.
• Sponge and Bucket: For cleaning
excess grout and adhesive.
• Level: To ensure that tiles are
installed evenly and straight.
• Measuring tape and pencil: For
accurate measurements and
marking.
• Trowel: To apply the adhesive
evenly on the surface.
• Notched Trowel: This has a
notched edge that helps create
ridges in the adhesive for better
tile adhesion.
• Caulk Gun: To apply caulk in areas
where tiles meet walls or other
surfaces.
• Mixing Tool: If using powdered
adhesive or grout, a mixing bucket
and a mixing paddle are needed.
LAYING TILE
ON
PLAIN SURFACE
1. Squaring the surface:
• The surface area should be in a square when tiling because it
makes the job easier by allowing us to find the center of the
room.
• When the surface is not squared, particularly in older houses. It
makes installation more difficult. In that case, use a wall as a
base, which is a simple solution for rooms that are not perfectly
square. The tiles will then be parallel to the wall.
• After determining the center or baseline of the work, divide it
into quarters.
• With chalk or a marker, make perpendicular lines. The room will be
divided into four quadrants by these lines.
• Work a way out from the center of the room. There will be a minor
difference when tiling a wall; your focus should be on the top-line,
not the center or baseline.
• Draw the line with a level and begin working on it. However, some
walls may not be straight, so proceed with caution when drawing a
top line.
2. Stepping off the Figure:
• After locating the center and squaring the room, arrange tiles
in rows for each quadrant before mixing the adhesive.
• Complete the tiling of each surface row by row.
• In this step, you may encounter some difficulty in arranging
and centering the area.
• Check the centering during the layout stage, or it will be a
major issue later.
3. Tile Cutting Procedure:
• To cut a tile according to specifications, some patience and
practice are required.
• Measure the length of the tile and precisely mark the outlines
of the tile for cutting.
• Use the lever to position the tile clearly and without applying
any force to it.
• Use the cutter precisely along the marked area and cut the
edges clearly without applying any pressure to the tile.
LAYING TILE
ON
CURVED SURFACE
STEP 1: MAKE SURE THE CURVED SURFACE IS SUITABLE FOR
TILING
• Remove any and all leftover debris for a smooth surface.
• Use sandpaper or a sander for a wider surface to soften any rough
areas.
• If the surface is inside the shower area, bathroom, or outdoors,
confirm that it’s completely dry.
STEP 2: MARK WHERE YOU WANT THE TILE TO GO
• It will act as a guide when laying tiles and will also help to keep the
tiles straight and aligned with one another.
• Use a wooden or metal ruler or tape measure to mark out the wall
vertically and horizontally.
• Mark with a pencil to avoid any permanent mistakes when
measuring.
STEP 3: CUT THE TILES TO FIT WITHIN YOUR MARKINGS
• Cut tile sheets in the joints down to the measurements of the
sections you made on the wall with your pencil.
• To mark where to cut the tile, it’s better to use painter’s tape
and mark on it to avoid drawing on the tile itself.
• Use measuring tape to ensure that it has the correct dimensions
to match the sections on the surface.
• It’s better to wear goggles when operating a wet saw and use
caution when handling a utility knife.
STEP 4: APPLY ADHESIVE AND START TILING
• Start slowly tiling a corner of the surface.
• Apply the adhesive with a trowel, about 3-6 mm in thickness.
• Firmly press the sheet of tile into the adhesive enough to get the
adhesive through the space between each piece of tile. It will form the
grout.
• Use a rubber mallet to strike the sheet of tile, further embedding it into
the mortar.
• If there are any gaps between the tiles, fill them in with more adhesive.
STEP 5: ALLOW THE ADHESIVE TO DRY AND CLEAN UP
• After laying the tile sheets, quickly use a clean paint rag to wipe away any
adhesive that may have gotten onto the surface of the tiles.
• Allow the adhesive to dry the tiles in place once the excess adhesive is
removed.
• Make sure the place is well ventilated.
• Prevent any water from getting on the tiles until they’ve dried completely.
• Don’t touch the tiled, curved surface until at least 24 hours have passed
since application.
THANK YOU!
