C.

TILING CURVED SURFACES (CS)

Working with curved surfaces in tiling is a specialized task that requires a solid understanding of
measurement techniques, trade calculations, safety protocols, and hands-on skills. Unlike flat
areas, curved structures such as columns, arches, and rounded walls present unique challenges
that call for precise planning and specialized installation methods.

This section focuses on the essential knowledge and skills needed for successful tiling of curved
and circular surfaces. Topics include accurate measurement techniques and the use of trade
mathematics to calculate surface areas and tile quantities. Occupational health and safety (OHS)
standards are also emphasized to ensure safe work practices during installation.

Detailed procedures will be covered for tiling on curved floors, walls, arches, and circular
columns, including the installation of mosaic tiles, which are often ideal for these complex
shapes. Furthermore, company-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) are highlighted to
maintain consistency, quality, and compliance with industry standards.

By mastering these areas, tilers can ensure high-quality finishes on complex surfaces, improve
work efficiency, and uphold professional standards across all projects involving curved tiling
applications.

1. Measurement and Trade Mathematics

Tiling curved surfaces requires specialized measurements and calculations to ensure a precise
and aesthetically pleasing outcome. This involves determining the area of the curved surface,
understanding how tiles will fit around curves, and calculating tile cuts needed for proper fit.
Measuring and Calculating for Curved Surfaces:

A. Area Measurement:

In order to calculate how much tile you need for a room, you need to find the total area of the
space you just measured. This will give you the coverage (total square footage in inches) for
each space that you’re planning to tile.

 For simple curves:

To measure areas for tiling, simple curves can be calculated using standard geometric
formulas. For simple curves, like those defined by equations, integration is used.
Calculate the area of the curved surface by understanding the shape. For instance, a
curved wall might be part of a cylinder, requiring calculations involving radius,
circumference, and height.
 For complex curves:
Use a method to measure the curved surface and convert it to a manageable
calculation. You can use a flexible ruler to trace the curve, convert the measurement to
 an equivalent straight line, and calculate the area accordingly. Complex curves require
breaking down the area into smaller, manageable shapes and summing their areas. A
common strategy is to divide the area into rectangles and squares, measure each, and
then sum the areas

B. Tile Placement:

 Cut Tiles Strategically:

When tiling a curved surface, you'll need to cut tiles to fit the curve. Trimming. Accurate
tile trimming is essential for a successful installation on curved surfaces. Use appropriate
tools such as tile cutters or diamond saws to make clean, precise cuts that perfectly fit
the curve of the surface.
 Plan for Expansion and Contraction:
When planning a tile installation, it's crucial to consider the expansion and contraction of
tiles, as they are susceptible to these changes. To prevent issues like cracking and
peeling, spacing between tiles is essential.

C. Trade Mathematics:

 Cost Estimation:
Determine the number of tiles needed for the job, considering wastage and cut tiles.
 Material Requirements:
Calculate the amount of mortar, grout, and other necessary materials based on the tile
area and job specifications.
 Labor Time:
Estimate the time required for tiling, including preparation, cutting, and application.

2. Occupational Health and Safety Standards Requirements

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

 Protection: Workers must wear appropriate PPE, such as safety goggles to protect
against dust and debris, dust masks or respirators to avoid inhaling dust, gloves to
prevent skin irritation, and knee pads to protect knees during prolonged kneeling.
 Compliance: PPE usage should comply with Rule 1080 of the Philippine Occupational
Safety and Health Standards.

2. Material Handling and Storage:

 Identification: Ensure all materials and tools are properly identified and labeled to
prevent misidentification and potential hazards.
  Safe Handling: Follow manufacturer's instructions for handling and mixing adhesives,
grouts, and other chemicals. Use appropriate tools and techniques to prevent spills and
splashes.
 Storage: Store materials in designated areas, ensuring they are dry and protected from
weather and other hazards. Follow safe work practices for storing flammable materials,
such as solvents.

3. Tiling Area Preparation:

 Cleaning: Clean the area to be tiled thoroughly, removing any debris, dust, or loose
material that could interfere with tile installation. Leveling: Ensure the surface is level
and plumb, as any irregularities can affect tile placement and grout application. Surface
 Preparation: Prepare the surface according to the tile manufacturer's recommendations,
which may include applying a primer or leveling compound.

4. Tile Installation:

 Planning: Plan the tile layout and cutting patterns carefully, especially for curved
surfaces. Use templates or guides to ensure accurate placement and cutting.
 Cutting: Cut tiles using appropriate tools, such as tile saws or nippers, while following
safety precautions, such as wearing safety glasses and gloves.
 Adhesive Application: Apply adhesive according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Ensure proper thickness and coverage to secure tiles effectively.
 Grouting: Apply grout after tiles are set and dry, following manufacturer's instructions.
Wipe off excess grout promptly to maintain a clean and professional finish.

3. Procedures for Tiling Curved and Floor Surfaces

A. Planning and Preparation:

1. Surface Preparation: Ensure the surface is clean, dry, structurally sound, and leveled.
2. Tile Selection: Choose tiles that are designed for or are flexible enough to accommodate
curves, such as mosaic tiles or those with a flexible backing.
3. Template Creation: For complex curves, create a template of the curve to ensure
accurate tile fitting.

B. Cutting and Trimming:

1. Precise Cutting: Use a tile cutter or diamond saw to make clean, precise cuts that fit the
curve of the surface.
2. Edge Preparation: If the curve is very sharp, consider cutting multiple pieces of tile to fit
rather than trying to make a single, very complex cut.
 3. Tilemate Profile Gauge (optional): Use a tool like the TAL's Tilemate to accurately
measure and transfer curve profiles.

C. Installation:

1. Start with Flattest Section: If possible, begin tiling from the flattest part of the curve and
gradually work your way around.
2. Flexible Mortar: Use a flexible mortar that can accommodate movement and
expansion/contraction in the tiles.
3. Grouting: Apply grout carefully, paying attention to joints that might require adjustments
to maintain flexibility.

D. Cleaning and Finishing:

1. Clean Excess Mortar: Remove any excess mortar from the joints before it dries.
2. Seal Joints: Seal the grout lines to prevent moisture and dirt buildup.

4. Procedures for Tiling Circular volume, wall and arches

Tiling curved surfaces like circular volumes, walls, and arches requires a careful approach, often
involving specialized tiles, flexible adhesives, and a gradual, precise installation process. The key
is to prepare the surface, cut and fit tiles precisely, and use flexible grout for a smooth, seamless
finish.

Procedure for Tiling Curved Surfaces:

A. Surface Preparation: Clean and smooth the wall or surface to be tiled. Fill any cracks or
imperfections, and ensure the surface is level.

B. Tile Selection: Choose tiles that are appropriate for curved surfaces, such as flexible tiles or
tiles that can be easily cut and shaped.

C. Cutting and Fitting:

 Precise Cutting: Use specialized tile cutters or saws to make accurate cuts for the tiles,
especially when working with curves. Fit and Adjust: Carefully fit tiles, making
adjustments as needed to ensure a smooth, flush finish.

D. Installation:

 Start with a Base: Begin tiling from the flattest part of the curve or a straight edge,
gradually working around the surface.
 Flexible Adhesive: Use a flexible tile adhesive designed for curved surfaces to ensure
proper bonding and movement.
  Spacers and Grouting: Use tile spacers to maintain consistent grout lines and a uniform
look. Apply flexible grout and ensure its evenly distributed, filling all gaps and joints.

E. Finishing Touches: Clean excess grout and adhesive from the tiles. Seal the grout lines for a
more durable and waterproof finish.

5. Company standard operating procedures

1. Preparation: Clean and prepare the curved surface. Lay out the tiling area, considering the
curve's radius and tile dimensions. Ensure proper drainage and leveling of the surface. Use
appropriate tools and materials for the specific surface and tile type.

2. Tile Selection and Cutting: Select tiles that are suitable for curved surfaces (e.g., flexible tiles
or those with radius-specific cuts). Cut tiles for curved corners and edges using specialized tools
like wet saws or tile nippers. Follow company guidelines for tile cutting and preparation of miter
joints.

3. Installation: Apply adhesive according to manufacturer's instructions and company SOPs.

Install tiles starting from the center of the curve and working outwards. Maintain consistent tile
spacing and alignment using spacers or cross-lines. Use specialized tools like tile levelers or edge
clamps to ensure a smooth and even installation.

4. Grouting and Sealing: Mix and apply grout according to manufacturer's instructions and
company SOPs. Clean excess grout and ensure a uniform grout line. Apply a sealant to protect
the grout and prevent water damage.

Safety and Quality Considerations:

 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Always wear appropriate PPE, including safety glasses, gloves, and dust masks.
 Material Handling:
Handle materials carefully to prevent accidents and ensure proper storage.
 Tool Maintenance:
Regularly inspect and maintain tools to ensure safe and efficient operation.
 Quality Control:
Regularly check for defects in tile installation and grout lines.
 Documentation:
Maintain accurate records of all materials, tools, and procedures used on the project.

6. Procedures for installing mosaic tiles on a circular column

1. Prepare the surface: Clean the column thoroughly and ensure it's free of debris, dust, and
loose material. Inspect for any protrusions or imperfections in the plastering that may need to
be corrected.

2. Create a template: Measure the circumference and radius of the column. Create a template
using flexible materials like cardboard or thin plastic to match the column's curve. Mark the
template with guidelines for tile placement and cuts.

3. Apply adhesive: Use a compatible adhesive (like thin-set mortar) specifically designed for
mosaics. Apply the adhesive evenly to the surface, following the manufacturer's instructions.

4. Install mosaic tiles: Start at the bottom of the column and work upwards. Use the template to
guide tile placement, ensuring even spacing and a level finish. If using mosaic sheets, cut the
sheets to fit the column's curve. Tap the tiles gently to ensure they are securely bonded to the
column.

5. Grout the tiles: After the adhesive has dried, grout the tiles using a compatible grout color.
Apply the grout evenly, pressing it into the joints. Clean any excess grout from the tile faces with
a wet sponge before it dries.

6. Clean and seal: Clean any remaining grout haze with a grout haze remover. Seal the grout
lines to protect them from moisture and staining. References: "TR Tile Setting NC II |
Specification (Technical Standard) | Curriculum" "How to Use this Competency-Based Learning
Material: Tile Curved" "Make the most of curved areas! Which tiles to use and how to install
them" "How to Install Mosaic Tile - The Spruce"

References:

https://www.tileclub.com/blogs/news/how-to-measure-room-tile-installment-calculate-square-
footage#:~:text=Just%20multiply%2012%20x%2012,decimal:%20377%20sq%20ft%20coverage

https://www.coursesidekick.com/mechanical-engineering/3178717#:~:text=9.,BY:Englatierra
%2C%20Roxan%20M

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA): Tile Setting NC II. Department of
Education (DepEd): Tile-Setting-NC-II-CG. Occupational Health Nurses Association of the
Philippines, Inc.: Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS). Scribd: Tile Setting NC II.
Ramirro: Top 11 Safety Measures for Floor Tile Selection to Avoid Accidental Events. Course
Sidekick: How to Use this Competency-Based Learning Material: Tile Curved. National Training
Register: CPCCWF3007 Tile curved surfaces.

Reference: TileCloud TAL | The Professional Choice National Training Register duneceramics.com
Tile Giant RUBI

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA): Tile Setting NC II. Scribd: Training
Plan Tile Setting NC II. Course Sidekick: Competency-Based Learning Material (CBLM). TileCloud:
Tiles for Curved Walls and Curved Surfaces. National Training Register: CPCCWF3007A Tile
curved surfaces.

TileCloud: Discusses the importance of preparing surfaces and working gradually when tiling
curved walls, emphasizing the need for flexible grout and careful cutting.

Daltile: Provides instructions on starting with the first tile in the corner and working outward,
using tile spacers and leaving small gaps for the perimeter.

"TR Tile Setting NC II | Specification (Technical Standard) | Curriculum" "How to Use this
Competency-Based Learning Material: Tile Curved" "Make the most of curved areas! Which tiles
to use and how to install them" "How to Install Mosaic Tile - The Spruce"