Zuzana Mikulecká © www.czechbyzuzka.
com
Welcome
to the paradise of Study Tables. They are an essential component
of the textbook and they will keep you good company on this
journey (and hopefully after too).
How to use the Study Tables
Make sure you read the introduction to the case in the book before
you look at a certain table so that you don't feel overwhelmed by
the number of examples. I use the same structure for each case so
there are no surprises. I picked enough examples with words that
would reflect the different endings. Some cases have more
examples than others because they are more complex and show
more changes (such as the locative and dative case).
In this document, I use these abbreviations:
Genders:
M.a. - masculine animate F - feminine,
M.i. - masculine inanimate N - neuter
Number: Language:
SG - singular inf. - informal (mostly spoken)
PL - plural f. - formal (mostly written)
Cases:
Nom./N - nominative case, Ac./A - accusative case, Gen./G -
genitive case, Loc./L - locative case, Dat./D - dative case, Instr./I -
instrumental case, Voc./V - vocative case
Enjoy and learn a lot!
Prachov Rocks
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Index
Grammatical Cases
Nominative ............................................................................................ 4
Accusative ............................................................................................. 7
Genitive ............................................................................................... 10
Locative ............................................................................................... 13
Dative ................................................................................................... 16
Instrumental ....................................................................................... 19
Vocative ............................................................................................... 22
Declension Models for Nouns & Adjectives
Masculine animate ............................................................................ 25
Masculine inanimate ......................................................................... 27
Feminine .............................................................................................. 28
Neuter .................................................................................................. 29
Different Parts of Speech
Adjectives ........................................................................................... 30
Personal pronouns ............................................................................ 32
Possessive pronouns ........................................................................ 33
Demonstrative pronouns ................................................................. 35
More numbers .................................................................................... 36 The Zachariáš of Hradec Square, Telč
3
Nominative
Singular & Plural
Masculine animate adjectives (M.a.)
Masculine inanimate adjectives (M.I.)
4
Nominative
Singular & Plural
feminine adjectives (F)
neuter adjectives (N)
5
Nominative SG & Pl
pronouns
personal pronouns
reflexive
pronoun
nom. sg - possessive pronouns
nom. PL - possessive pronouns
nom. sg & PL - demoNstrative pronouns
more useful pronouns
6
accusative
Singular & Plural
Masculine animate adjectives (M.a.)
Masculine inanimate adjectives (M.I.)
7
accusative
Singular & Plural
feminine adjectives (F)
neuter adjectives (N)
8
accusative SG & Pl
pronouns
reflexive
personal pronouns pronoun
Ac. sg - possessive pronouns
Ac. PL - possessive pronouns
ac. sg & PL - demonstrative pronouns
numerals
more useful pronouns
9
genitive
Singular & Plural
Masculine animate adjectives (M.a., m.i., N)
Remember that we
also use the genitive
plural for the amount
of 5 and higher.
Here, the letter e
disappears:
1 pes / bez pesa psa /
5 psů
Masculine inanimate
10
genitive
Singular & Plural
feminine adjectives (F)
Be aware of the consonant
clusters:
1 babička - babičk babiček
neuter
11
genitive SG & Pl
pronouns
personal pronouns
gen. sg - possessive pronouns
gen. PL - possessive pronouns
gen. sg & PL - demonstrative pronouns
numerals
more useful pronouns
12
locative
Singular & Plural
Masculine animate adjectives (M.a., m.i., N)
Masculine inanimate
13
locative
Singular & Plural
feminine adjectives (F)
Exception!
dcera - o dceři
neuter
14
locative SG & Pl
pronouns
personal pronouns
loc. sg - possessive pronouns
loc. PL - possessive pronouns
loc. sg & PL - demonstrative pronouns
numerals
more useful pronouns
15
dative
Singular & Plural
Masculine animate adjectives (M.a., m.i., N)
Masculine inanimate
16
DAtive
Singular & Plural
feminine adjectives (F)
Exception!
dcera - k dceři
neuter
17
dative SG & Pl
pronouns
personal pronouns
dat. sg - possessive pronouns
dat. PL - possessive pronouns
dat. sg & PL - demonstrative pronouns
numerals
more useful pronouns
18
instrumental
Singular & Plural
Masculine animate adjectives (M.a., m.i., N)
Masculine inanimate
19
instrumental
Singular & Plural
feminine adjectives (F)
neuter
20
instrumental SG & Pl
pronouns
personal pronouns
instr. sg - possessive pronouns
instr. PL - possessive pronouns
instr. sg & PL - demonstrative pronouns
numerals
more useful pronouns
21
vocative
Singular & Plural
Masculine animate adjectives (M.a.)
Masculine inanimate adjectives (m.i.)
22
vocative
Singular & Plural
feminine adjectives (F)
neuter adjectives (N)
23
vocative Sg & Pl
pronouns
personal pronouns
voc. sg - possessive pronouns
voc. PL - possessive pronouns
nom. sg & PL - demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns and the rest of the pronouns are not used in
the vocative case.
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DECLENSION MODELS for
Masculine Animate Nouns & Adjectives
Another way to learn the cases is to look at the declension models. Each
gender has several models, depending on what letter it finishes with.
There are 14 noun models in total: 4 for masculine animate, 2 for
masculine inanimate, 4 for feminine and 4 for neuter gender.
Nouns ending in a hard consonant (h, ch, k, r, Nouns ending in a soft cons
onant
d, t, n) and most of ambiguous c. (b, f, m, p, s, v) (ž, š, č, ř, c, j, ď, ť, ň)
Nouns ending in –l are irregular. Mostly professions ending in –tel would be
declined as muž. Compare: Vidím učitele, spisovatele x manžela, datla.
adjectives
25
DECLENSION MODELS for
Masculine Animate ending in -l
A helpful rule: Masculine nouns ending in -tel usually refer to a person
(often professions). In that case, they would be declined as muž.
Let's see the rest of the words:
Model pán: Pavel, Karel, orel, osel, datel, vůl, rebel,
Španěl, manžel, anděl, ďábel
Model muž: učitel, pachatel, zaměstnavatel, skladatel, majitel,
spisovatel, podnikatel, obyvatel, léčitel, (ne)přítel, král
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DECLENSION MODELS for
Masculine inAnimate Nouns & Adjectives
Nouns ending in a hard consonant (h, ch, k, r, Nouns ending in a soft cons
onant
d, t, n) and most of ambiguous c. (b, f, m, p, s, v) (ž, š, č, ř, c, j, ď, ť, ň)
Keep in mind that this type of sorting doesn‘t work 100%. Some masculine
inanimate nouns are irregular (mostly those ending with –l or -s):
kotel – u kotle (genitive), kostel - u kostela x bordel – u bordelu, stůl – u stolu;
les – u lesa, rybník – u rybníka;
names of towns/quarters: Zličín – ze Zličína, Chodov – z Chodova,
Harrachov – z Harrachova, Mělník – z Mělníka, Jičín – z Jičína
That's why we can refer to a sub-model les,
which is a slightly modified model of hrad.
adjectives
27
DECLENSION MODELS for
feminine Nouns & Adjectives
ns ending in -a Feminine nouns en
Feminine nou ding in -e/ě.
Mostly f. noun Mostly f. nouns en
s ending in ding in
l, ň, ř, v, z, ž c, č, ď, š, t, ť
adjectives
28
DECLENSION MODELS for
neuter Nouns & Adjectives
ending in -o Neuter nouns en
Neuter nouns ding in -e/ě.
Specific group of mostly baby animals
ending in -e/ě, but also nouns like zvíře,
klíště, rajče, koště, poupě, doupě Neuter nouns ending
in -í
adjectives
29
adjectives
All the cases
I know some of you will appreciate having all the cases shown in one
table. It is very useful once you have familiarized yourself with each case,
therefore this will not overwhelm you but rather give you another
perspective. Look at the similarities and how certain cases resemble
others.
Below you will see the two types of adjectives and all their declentions.
Also, it is useful to know that the pronouns který, některý, nějaký,
žádný... behave the same way.
Notice that the plural forms of masculine
inanimate & feminine hard adjectives
have the same forms in each case.
For soft adjectives, the plural
forms of all the genders
are identical in each case.
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more examples of adjectives
in nominative sg. & pl.
Observe how the pattern changes with the gender and the number
(singular/plural). Some forms of adjectives are not filled in because it
wouldn't be common to use them in that particular noun (inanimate, not
living, e.g. veselý strom - a happy tree).
Remember the plural forms of
masculine inanimate & feminine
adjectives are identical.
31
Personal pronouns
All the cases
Remember that the personal pronouns can:
accompany a verb (Vidím tě)
appear after a preposition and we often have to use a different form
(Čekám na tebe)
be emphasized by their long forms (Tebe nevidím)
The locative case has only one type of pronoun because it's a
prepositional case. In other words, this case always goes together with a
preposition (e.g. o, na, v, po).
32
possessive pronouns
All the cases
33
possessive pronouns
All the cases
34
demonstrative pronouns
All the cases
On this page, I am showing you the most frequent demonstrative
pronouns. However, there are more types, in particular in the colloquial
Czech. You can learn more about them in these two videos:
Part One
Part Two
35
Numerals
All the cases
Here you can find the cardinal numbers in all their cases on one
page. Keep in mind that there are more forms of number one
(depending on the gender) as well as number two. The red frames
are showing you the numerals that keep the same form in every
case (except for the nominative).
All the numbers
from 5 to 99
have the same
endings.
e.g. number 33:
bez třiceti tří
bez třiceti čtyř
bez třiceti pěti
Idiomatic phrases with numerals:
Tváří se, jako by neuměl do pěti počítat, ale je mazaný jak liška!
- He looks so innocent but he is sly as a fox. Literally: He looks as
if couldn't count to five.
Jde to s ním od deseti/desíti k pěti. - He's going from bad to
worse. Literally: He's going from ten to five.
Zmiz, než napočítám do tří! - Get out before I count to three!
Ten návrh beru všemi deseti. - I'll take that proposal in a
heartbeat. Literally: I take that proposal with all my ten [fingers].
36
more numbers
On this and the following page, I am going to show you two more
forms of numerals. Read the theory and examples on this page
and see the tables on the next page.
a) Informal cardinal numbers
In informal spoken Czech, we like to use specific forms for
numbers which act as nouns. All those forms are feminine and
finish with -ka:, e.g. jednička (translates to number one). These
words are commonly used in different cases. We use these forms
in various situations:
1. to say a number of a tram or a bus:
Už jede desítka. - Number ten is already coming.
Čekám na stojedničku. - I'm waiting for the 101.
2. to refer to a school grade:
Dostal jsem pětku. - I got an F (lit. number five).
Jana má samé jedničky. - Jana has straight As.
3. to refer to bank notes:
Půjčíš mi stovku? - Will you lend me a hundred?
4. distance in sports:
Za kolik uběhneš osmistovku? - In how much time can you run
the 800 (meters)?
Vylezli jsme na pětitisícovku. - We climbed the 5k.
b) Ordinal numbers
These forms act as adjectives. Most of them are hard adjectives
(they have a different form for each gender, e.g. druhý den,
druhá káva, druhé místo) and they are a few soft adjectives too
(první, třetí, tisící). A very common use for these types of
numerals is for the dates:
13. (třináctého) června - 13th of June
17. (sedmnáctého) července - 17th of July
2. (druhého) listopadu - 2nd of November
37
more numbers
38
We are at the end
of the Study Tables Paradise. Please remember
that they are always here for you whenever you
are in doubt or you feel like you need to review a
specific case and its endings. I recommend you
print the tables and keep them handy. You have
done a great job, keep it up! Go out there and use
the knowledge in the real world.
At the Jestřebí Mountains
- Your teacher and guide
2
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