CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr.MraduleshSharma of

class 12th 'A', of St. Joseph's School in academic
session 2023-24 has completed her project on
topic "ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION" under the
guidance of Mrs. Neha Gajare.

Rev. Sr Celine Mrs. Neha Gajare

The Principal Teacher Guide

_____________ _____________
Principal’s Sign Teacher’s Sign

______________ ______________
School Stamp External’s Sign
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Guidance and inspiration are the important factor

in the accomplishment of an assigned task.I would
like to express my thanks to the school
principal,Rev.Sr.Celine, for giving me this platform
to research and learn something new.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my
chemistry teacher, Mrs.NehaGajare and lab
subordinate, Mrs. Vinita Gomes whose valuable
guidance helped accomplished this project me and
whose instructions has served the major as
contributor towards the completion of this project.
Also I would like to thanks my parents who helped
me a lot in finalizing this project within limited time
frame.
ST. JOSEPH’S SCHOOL

SESSION: 2023-2024
TOPIC: SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-

Mrs. Neha Gajare Mr. Mradulesh Sharma
AIMTo Study the Phenomenon of
Electromagnetic Induction
 INTRODUCTION

Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which
the magnetic field isproduced by electric
current. Themagnetic field disappears when
the current is turned off.
Induction :
This process of generating current in a
conductor by placing the conductor in a
changing magnetic field is called induction.
Electromagnetic Induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of
a potential difference (voltage) across a
conductor when it is exposed toa varying
magnetic field.
Electromagnetic induction is when an
electromagnetic field causes molecule in
another object to flow. Induction can
produceelectricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous
metals), or waves (in a radio transmitter).
Finally, it is refers to the phenomenon where
an emf is induced when the magnetic flux
linking a conductor change.
Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the
magnetic flux density and the area normal to
the field through which the field is passing. It is
a scalar quantity and its Sl. unit is the weber
(Wb).
Principle:
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just
induction) is a process where a conductor
placed in a changing magnetic field (or a
conductor moving through a stationary
magnetic field) causes the production of a
voltage across the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an
electrical current -- it is said toinduce the
current.
 THEORY
Invention:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the
discovery of induction in 1831 though it may have
been anticipated by the work of Francesco
Zantedeschi in 1829, Around 1830 to 1832. Joseph
Henry made a similar discovery, but did not publish
his findings until later.
Inducede.m.f.s: -
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an
E.m.f. will be generated in the coil. This effect was
first observed and explained by Ampere and
Faraday between 1825 and I831I. Faraday
discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated either
by.
THEORY
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to
each other or by
b) changing the magnitude of the source of
magnetic flux in some way.
Note that the e.m.f is only produced while the flux
is changing,
Lenz's Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic
flux according to Faraday's Law, the polarity of the
induced emf is such that it produces current whose
magnetic field opposes the change which produces
it. The induced magnetic field inside any loop of
wire always acts to keep the magnetic flux in the
loop constant. If the B field is increasing the
induced field acts in opposition to it.
Applicationsof
electromagnetic Induction

Electrical Generator:
The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction
due to relative movement of a circuit and a
magnetic field is the phenomenon underlying
electrical generators. When a permanent magnet is
moved relative to a conductor, or vice versa, an
electromotive force is created. If the wire is
connected through an electrical load, current will
flow, and thus electrical energy is generated.
Converting the mechanical energy of motion to
electrical energy
Electrical transformer:
The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also
responsible for electrical transformers. When the
electric current ina loop of wire changes, the
changing current creates a changing magnetic field.
A second wire in reach of this magnetic field will
experience this change in magnetic field as a
change in its coupled magnetic flux, d/ dt
Therefore, an electromotive force is set up in the
second loop called the induced EMF or transformer
EMF. If the two ends of this loop are connected
through an electrical load. current will
flow.
Faraday's Experiment:-
 One of the scientists Faraday performed series
of experiments and based on the results he
gave law on induction.
 He introduced the phenomenon of
electromagnetic induction.
 Induction means to induce or to generate
something.
 Electromagnetic Induction means production
of electric current due to magnetic ficld.
 Magnetic field is capable of producing current
in a conductor
 Faraday took a coil and attached a
galvanometer to it.
 As there is no battery attached therefore there
is no source of current.
 He brought the magnet near the coil.
 When the magnet is moved towards the coil
galvanometer showed deflection.
 Galvanometer even showed the deflection in
the opposite direction when the magnet is
taken away from the coil.
 When magnet was not moved there was no
deflection in the galvanometer.
 This show current is related to magnet.
 Faster the magnet is moved the more is the
deflection in the galvanometer. This showed
more and more current flows if the magnet is
moved very fast.
 Same effect was observed if the coil is moved
and the magnet was not moved.
Materials Required: -
Magnetic bar, a galvanometer, coil and
connecting wires.
Procedure: -
1. Take a coil of wire having a large number of
turns.
2. Connect the end of the coil to a
galvanometer.
3. Take a strong bar magnet and move its north
pole into the coil
and observe the changes in the galvanometer
needle.
4. Repeat earlier step with the south pole of
the bar magnet.
5. Now repeat the procedure with the coil
having a different number
of turns and the variation in the deflection of
the galvanometer
needle.
Observations:
I. When we move the magnet in or out of the
coil, the needle of
galvanometer gets deflected in different
directions.
2. When we insert the north pole (N) of bar
magnet into the coil.
the deflection is towards right.
3. When we insert the south pole (S) of bar
magnet into the coil, the
deflection is towards left.
4. When we move the bar magnet in or out of
the coil with varying
speed, the speed of deflection changes
accordingly.
5. As we increase the number of turns in the
coil, the deflection
increases.
6. Relative motion between magnet and coil
induced electric current
in the coil.
Result:
1. The deflection of galvanometer needle
indicates the presence of
current in the coil.
2. The direction of deflection gives the
direction of flow of current.
3. The speed of deflection gives the rate at
which the current is
induced.
4. The deflection in galvanometer changes with
the change in
number of turns in the coil - more the number
of turns in the coil
greater is the deflection.

From this experiment, Faraday concluded that

whenever there is relative motion between a
conductor and a magnetic field, the flux linkage
witha coil changes and this change in flux induces
a voltage across a coil.
 Physics Ncert book for class XII

 Wikipedia.com

 Google Search Engine

 Seminarsonly.com
 ----INDEX----

o CERTIFICATE
o ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
o AIM OF PROJECT
o INTRODUCTION
o THEORY
o APPLICATIONS OF EMI
o OBSERVATION
o CONCLUSION
o BIBLIOGRAPHY