KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
STUDY OF PHENOMENON OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION.
DWYSIGI VEHGATORY
SUBMITTED TO - SUBMITTED BY -
Mr.
CERTIEICATE.
This is to certify that ,a student of class
has successfully completed the research on the
topic "Sudy of phenomenon of Electromagnetic Induction"
under the guidance of (Subject Teacher)
during the year 2019-20 in partial fulfillment of Physics
practical examination of Central Board of Secondary
Education (CBSE).
Principal. Subject Teacher.
INDEX
o CERTIFICATE
o ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
o AIM OF PROJECT
o INTRODUCTION
o THEORY
o APPLICATIONS OF EMI
o OBSERVATION
o CONCLUSION
o PRECAUTIONS
o BIBLIOGRAPHY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Iwarmly acknowledge the continuous encouragement and
timely suggestions offered by our dear Principal
I extend my hearty thanks for giving
me the opportunity to make use of the facilities available in
the campus to carry out the project successfully.
Iam highly indebted to for the constant
supervision, providing necessary information and supporting
in completing the project. I would like to express my
gratitude towards themn for their kind cooperation and
encouragement.
Finally, I extend my gratefulness to one and all who are
directly or indirectly involved the successful completion of
this project work.
Lam making this project not only for marks but to also
increase my knowledge.
AIM
To study the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
MOYES uP MOVE 6OwN
FORCE
GALMANONMETER Direction of rotation
Flow of current through coil
Commuator
Maane
QINTRODUCTION
Electro Maguct:
An electromagnct is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is
produced by electric current. The magnetic field disappears when
the current is turmed off.
Iuductiou:
This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the
conductor in a changing magnetic field is called induction.
Electromaguetic Iuduction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference
(voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic
ficld.
Electromagnetic induction is when an clectromagnetic field causes
molecule in another object to flow. Induction can produce clectricity
(in coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio transmitter).
Finally, it is refers to the phenomenon where an emfis induced when
the magnetic flux linking a conductor change.
Maquetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux
density and the area normal to the field through which the field is
passing. It is a scalar quantity and its S.I. unit is the weber (Wb).
=BA
Principle:
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just induction) is a
process where a conductor placed in a changing magnetic
field (or a conductor moving through a stationary magnetic
feld) causes the production of a voltage across the
conductor. This process of electromagnetic induction, in
turn, causes an electrical current -- it is said to induce the
current.
THEORY
Iuvention:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction
in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by the work of
Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829, Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph
Henry made asimilar discovery, but did not publish his findings
until later.
Induced emfs:
If magnetic flux chrough a coil is altered then an E.m.f. will be
generated in the coil. This effect was first observed and explained by
Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday discovered
that an c.m.f. could be generated either by,
() moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other or by
() changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic flux
in some way.
Note that the em.f. is only produced while the flux is
changing.
Lenz's Law:
When an emf is generated by achange in magnetic flux according to
Faraday's Law, the polarity of the induced emf is such that it produces a
current whose magnetic field opposes the change which produces it. The
induced magnetic field inside any loop of wire always acts to keep the
magnetic lux in the loop constant. In the examples below. if the Bficld is
increasing. the induced field acts in opposition to it.
B AB
APplications of.clectromagnetic. Induction
Electrical acserator:
The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative movement
of a circuit and a magnetic field is the phenomenon underlying electrical
generators. When a permanent magnet is moved relative to a conductor, or
vice versa, an clectromotive force is created. If the wire is connected through
an clectrical load, current will flow, and thus clectrical energy is generated.
converting the mechanical energy of motion to clectrical energy
Electrical trausformer:
The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also responsible for electrical
transformers. When the clectric current in a loop of wire changes, the
changing current creates a changing magnetic field. Asecond wire in reach of
this magnetic field will experience this change in magnetic field as achange in
its coupled magnetic flux, dn/dt Therefore, an clectromotive force is set
up in the sccond loop called the induced EMF or transformer EMF. If the
two ends of this loop are connected through an clectrical load, current will
flow.
Transtomer
Secondary
Cicut
Pimary
Cicut
N.
ums
Faraday's Experiment:
VOne of the scientists Faraday performed series of experiments
and based on the results he gave law on induction.
VHe introduced the phenomenon of clectromagnetic induction.
V Induction means to induce or to generate something.
VElectromagnetic Induction means production of electric
current due to magnetic field.
Magnetic field is capable of producing current in aconductor
Faraday took a coil and attached a galvanometer to it.
As there is no batery attached therefore there is no source of
current.
VHe brought the magnet near the coil.
When the magnet is moved towards the coil galvanometer
showed deflection.
VGalvanometer even showed the deflection in the opposite
direction when the magnet is taken away from the coil.
V When magnet was not moved there was no deflection in the
galvanometer.
This show current is relared to magnet.
V Faster the magnet is moved the more is the deflection in the
galvanometer. This showed more and more current flows if the
magnet is moved very fast.
V Same effect was observed if the coil is moved and the magnet
was not moved.
Material Reauired: -
Magnetic bar, a galvanometer, coil and connecting wires.
Moaut
Procedure: -
I. Take a coil of wire having a large number of turns.
2. Connect the end of the coil to a galvanometer.
3. Take a strong bar magnet and move its north pole into the coil
and observe the changes in the galvanometer needle.
4. Repeat earlier step with the south pole of the bar magnet.
5. Now repeat the procedure with the coil having a different number
of turns and the variation in the deflection of the galvanometer
needle.
Ouservations:
I. When we move the magnet in or out of the coil, the needle of
galvanometer gets deflected in different directions.
2. When we insert the north pole (N) of bar magnet into the coil,
the deflection is towards right.
3. When we insert the south pole (S) of bar magnet into the coil, the
deflection is towards left.
4. When we move the bar magnet in or out of the coil with varying
speed, the speed of deflection changes accordingly.
5. As we increase the number of turns in the coil, the deflection
increases.
6. Relative motion between magnet and coil induced clectric current
in the coil.
North pole Deflection North pole Deflection
Eoing inside coming out towards Teft
the coil
towards right of the coil
South pole Deflection
South pole Deflection
going inside coming out towards right
towards left
the coil of the coi!
|Case 1: When the Magnet is Stationary
Wooden Cylinder Solenold
V=0
s N
Stationary
Galvanometer
The reading of the galvanometer is zero when the magnet is stationary.
Case 2: When the North Pole of the Magnet is Stationary
Wooden Cytinder Solenoid
Galvanometer
The pointer of the galvanometer deflects towards the right when the north
pole of the magnet is moved towards the solenoid.
Case 3: When there is no Motion of the Magnet
Wooden Cylinder Solenoid
v=0
N
Galvanometer
The galvanometer shows zero reading when the motion of the magnet stops.
This proves that as long as the magnet keeps moving, current flows
the solenoid.
Case 4: When the Magnet is Moved Away
Wooden Cylinder Solenoid
Galvanometer
If the magnet is moved away from the solenoid, current flows in opposite
direction in the solenoid. Thus, the galvanometer deflects
towards the left.
Result:
I. The deflection of galvanometer needle indicates the presence of
current in the coil.
2. The direction of deflection gives the direction of flow of current.
3. The speed of deflection gives the rate at which the current is
induced.
4. The deflection in galvanometer changes with the change in
number of turns in the coil - more the number of turns in the coil
greater is the deflection.
CONCLUSION
From this experiment, Faraday concluded that whenever there is
relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic field, the flux
linkage with a coil changes and this change in flux induces a voltage
across a coil.
DBIBLOGRAPHY
OVSIGS
" Physics Ncert book for class XI
" Wikipedia.com A
" Google Search Engine
" Seminarsonly.com
