1.
Scientific Management: Scientific management, developed by Frederick Taylor,
is a major component of the classical perspective. It focuses on optimizing
and standardizing work processes to improve efficiency and productivity. BBA
students will learn about time and motion studies, work specialization, and the
principles of scientific management.
2. Administrative Management: Henri Fayol's principles of administrative
management are another important aspect of the classical perspective. BBA
students will study Fayol's principles, which include elements like unity of
command, scalar chain, and division of labor, to understand how
organizations can be effectively managed.
3. Bureaucratic Management: Max Weber's theory of bureaucratic management
is also part of the classical perspective. This theory emphasizes the importance
of clearly defined roles and responsibilities, hierarchical structures, and
adherence to rules and procedures. BBA students will explore how
bureaucracy can be both efficient and effective in certain organizational
settings.
4. Principles of Management: BBA 1st semester courses often cover the
fundamental principles of management, which are rooted in the classical
perspective. These principles include planning, organizing, staffing, directing,
and controlling. Students will learn how these functions are applied in
different organizational contexts.
1. Rapid Technological Advancements:
Keeping up with and harnessing the latest technologies for improved
operations, communication, and decision-making.
Navigating the impact of automation, artificial intelligence, and
machine learning on the workforce and business processes.
2. Globalization:
Managing operations and supply chains across borders while adhering
to various international regulations and cultural differences.
Competing in a global marketplace with diverse competitors, market
dynamics, and customer preferences.
3. Economic Uncertainty:
Adapting to economic fluctuations, such as recessions, inflation, and
currency devaluations.
Developing strategies to manage risk and maintain financial stability in
an uncertain economic environment.
4. Environmental and Social Responsibility:
Addressing sustainability issues and reducing the environmental
footprint of the organization.
Navigating social and ethical concerns, such as corporate social
responsibility (CSR) and ethical business practices.
5. Changing Workforce Dynamics:
Managing a diverse and multigenerational workforce with varying
expectations, skills, and work styles.
Supporting remote work and flexible arrangements, including
addressing the challenges of remote team management.
6. Cybersecurity and Data Privacy:
Protecting sensitive data and ensuring the security of information
systems against cyber threats and data breaches.
Complying with data privacy regulations, such as GDPR and CCPA, and
maintaining customer trust.
7. Innovation and Disruption:
Fostering a culture of innovation and continuous improvement to stay
ahead of industry disruptors.
Dealing with new business models and competitors that challenge
traditional ways of doing business.
8. Supply Chain Disruptions:
Managing supply chain risks, including disruptions due to natural
disasters, political events, and global crises like the COVID-19
pandemic.
Ensuring resilience in the supply chain and reducing overreliance on
single suppliers or regions.
9. Ethical and Legal Challenges:
Addressing complex legal and ethical issues in a global context,
including issues related to intellectual property, antitrust, and
international trade regulations.
Upholding ethical business practices and integrity in decision-making.
10. Market and Consumer Behavior Shifts:
Understanding evolving market trends, consumer preferences, and the
impact of social media and online reviews on brand perception.
Adapting marketing and customer engagement strategies accordingly.
1. Strategic Planning (Long-term Planning):
Timeframe: Typically, this level of planning covers a long-term horizon,
often extending three to five years or even longer.
Scope: Strategic planning involves high-level decisions that affect the
organization as a whole. It addresses questions such as the
organization's mission, vision, and core values, and it sets the overall
strategic direction.
Goals: Strategic goals and objectives are set at this level, focusing on
major, organization-wide achievements. These goals are broad, such as
market expansion, mergers and acquisitions, or entering new product
lines or markets.
Key Components: SWOT analysis, competitive analysis, industry
trends, and long-term financial projections are key components of
strategic planning.
2. Tactical Planning (Intermediate-term Planning):
Timeframe: Tactical planning covers a shorter time frame compared to
strategic planning, often spanning one to three years.
Scope: This level of planning translates the strategic goals into more
specific and actionable objectives. It addresses how various
departments or units will contribute to achieving the strategic goals.
Goals: Tactical planning focuses on achieving specific departmental or
functional goals, such as improving production efficiency, increasing
sales in a particular region, or launching new marketing campaigns.
Key Components: Tactical planning involves resource allocation,
project planning, and setting departmental budgets and targets.
3. Operational Planning (Short-term Planning):
Timeframe: Operational planning is the most short-term, often
covering a time horizon of a few weeks to one year.
Scope: At this level, the focus is on day-to-day activities, routine
operations, and specific tasks that support the tactical and strategic
plans.
Goals: Operational planning sets specific, achievable goals for routine
activities, such as daily production schedules, inventory management,
and employee work schedules.
Key Components: Key components include work plans, schedules, task
assignments, and performance metrics for daily and weekly operations.
