TI DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY SBMS, COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, BENIN CITY FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION. 2021/2022 ACADEMIC SESSION PHS 212 (INTRODUCTORY AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, EXCITABLE/CONTRACTILE TISSUES). INSTRUCTIONS: INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. ALL QUESTION CARRIES EQUAL MARK TIME ALLOWED : thr 30 mins NOTE: Answer scetion one and two in separate OMR sheets SECTION ONE 1. All these are types of stimulus that can excite @ tissue except (a)chemical stimulus (b) mechanical stimulus (c) electromagnetic stimulus (d) thermal stimulus (2) electrical stimulus 2. The pi ssiochemical change that occurs in a tissue when a stimulus is applied is known as (a) transmission (b) electrical shock (c) action potential (d) threshold (c) excitability 3. One of the characteristics a stimulus must possess in order to excite a tissue is . _. (a) produce movement (b)intensity or strength (c) make up contractile Clements (@) ability to stretch (e) character and composure 4. The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the ncuron (b) muscles (c) neuromuscular junetion (cl) bundles (¢) stimulus 5, Neurovts communicate with other cells of the budy through specialized connections known | (a) synapses (b) gap junctions (¢) glandular output (d) dendrites (c) +. (a) a5 axons 6, Which of these types of neurons carry impulses from the CNS to the effector organs? (a) excitable neurons (6) contractile neurons (¢) sensory neurons (d) motor neurons (¢) muscular neurons 4. Which of these is not part of @ neuron? (a) soma (b) axon (c) dendrites (d) Node of ranvier (©) filaments 8. All of these proteins make up the contractile elements of the skeletal muscle except (a) actin (b) keratin (c) tropomyosin (d) troponin (e) myosin 9. Which of these is NOT trne about the depolarization phase of an action potential in skeletal muscles (a) the interior of the cell is initially positive (b) opening of the voltage gated ion channels result in influx of sodium ions and ettlux of potas Is (c) the Scent iaride the muscle cell returns to resting membrane potential (dl) i isthe initial phase vat the action potential (c) application of the stimulus causes opening of voltage gated ion channels. V0. The series of electrical changes that occur witen a muscle or nerve is stimulated is called (@) muscular contraction (b) action potential (c) resting membrane p. (d) electrical discharge (e) repolarization potential. e e IL. Given these phrases: (1) Neuron cell bodies in the nuclei of eranial nerves 2) Neuron cell bodies in the lateral gray matter of the spinal ear! (S2-S4). (3) Two synapses between the CNS and effectors (4) Regulates smooth muscle 12. Which of the phrases are true for the amonomic nervous system? (DAF B24 (YA~ZAL (D) 12 34 (E123 12, The white ramus communicans contains (A) Preganglionic sympathetic fibers B. — Postganglionic sympathetic fibers © Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers D, Postgangtionic parasympathetic fibers E. Nerve plexuses 13. The coll bodies of postganglionic neurons of sympathetic division are located in the (A) sympathetic chain ganglia (8) collateral ganglia (C) terminal ganglia (D) dorsal root ganglia (E) both A and B 14, Which of the following statements regarding the adrenal gland is true? (A) The parasympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to release acetylcholine (B) The parasympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to release epinephrine and norepinephrine (C) The sympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland to release acetylcholine (D) The sympathetic division stimulates the adrenal gland 10 release epinephrine and norepinephrine (E) The adrenal medulla secretes oxytocin 15, Which of these is not a part of the enteric nervous system? (A) ANS motor neurons (B) Neurons located only in the digestive tract (C) Sensory neurons (D) Somatic motor neurons (E) Enteric plexuses 16, The, Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system A. isalso called craniosacral divisi n B. has preganglionic axons in cranial nerves C. has preganglionic axons in Pelvic splanchnic neryes D. has ganglia near or in the wall of effectors : E, all of these are correct 17. Which e ic ich of these cranial nerves does not contain parasympathetic fibers?(4) Occulomotor 11 (8) Facial VII (©) Glossopharyngeat IX (©) Trigeminal V (©) Vagus y 16 Which of the following statements coucerning the pr true? : (A All parasympa (8) Ondy parasy: (CD Alt sy exangtionic neurons of the ANS is thetic pregantionic neurons secrete pathetic preg mipathetic pregang acetylcholine © acetylcholine norepinephrine ‘anglionic neurons secret, fonic neurons sec tle division of the ANS D ds alwass stimulatory B) bs alvways int, (0 Is usually under conscious contro! (2) Gencray oppuses actions ofthe © Both J Aland C are 20. A sudden increase ibitory Parasympathetic division correct it blood pressure Ay Mnitiates a sympathetic reflex that decreases heart ra decreases heat rate (C) initianes ¢ Parasympathe} (D) Both and B are correct (©) Both B and C are 24. Bulk flow Ye (B) Initiates a ial reflex that Hie reflex that decreases heart rat correct (b). Is related to per Depends on hydrostatic pressure (a), is n di and oncotic hydrostatic pressure meability coefficient (@), only rect flow (e). is related to 22. For two solutions separated by. Then etd © A will stop osmotic preceure could oppose the csrbotic pressure (b). There will be bulk flow from Ato.B ©). The fluig level in B will go down (d). A hydrostatic Pressure applied to A A.Will not oppose asimoti 23. Normal satine QOsmotality of 300-308 mOsm (b) Mor pt 7.35 @ Js Nach eseeencanes ake 12/1 (e). is not us ing blood cells vide cross the plasma membrane bys 7 id carbon dioxide eros ch as oxygen ani 24. Gases sucl diffusion through the ive transport (b) pa condary active (a) secon: lipid bilayer (c) specific gas transport (¢). no sport proteins (d) primary wet trans of the above25, A substance cat only be accuntulated apatyst its electrochemical gradient by: (a ficilated ditfosion (©) Passage thrash on channels (e) Diffsion though a uxipon (d) Active transport (e). all of the above 26, The principal intracellular cation js: (a) Nat (b) Cl- (@) K* (d) Cad+ (e), Mgr+ 27, Which of the following statements regarding exocytosis Is correct? (2) Is always employed by cells for secretion (b) Is used to deliver material nto the extraceular space :s the retrieval of elements of (c) Takes up large molecules from the extracellular space (6) Allows the retrieval 0 the plasma membrane (e). Exocytosis involves gas movements also 28. The principal extracellular cation is : i a zr (2) Sodium (Nat) (b) Potassium (K+) (c) Chloride (CH) (d) Caleium (Ca2~(@).7n 29. The resting membrane potential is mainly determined by: i K+ gradient (e).1CO3- (0) the Cle gradient (b) the Ca2+ gradient (¢) the Na* gradient (4) the K+ gradient (¢ " “" ee preteen K+ (b) Is important for maintaining a constant (a) Exchanges extracellular Na+ for intracellular ats anioudh isan cell volume —(c) Can only be inhibited by metabolic poisons anionic channel SECTION TWO 2 (@) electrical . involved i ular contraction? (a) electric 1. Which of these changes is NOT involv fil se chemical changes (¢) isometric changes (b) thermal changes (c) mechanical changes ig s changes , 2. The extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the center of the skeletal and cardiac muscle cells is known as « (a) T-tubule (b) end plate potential (c) ligand gated channels (4) L-tubule {e) sarcolemma 3. Which of these statements is NOT true about the T-tubules (a) they allow muscle cells to comract forcefully (b) they allow the release of calcium throughout the cell (c) they are responsible for the rapid spread of action Potential (d) they cause the occurrence of action Potentials (€) they are extensions of the cell membrane. visit ‘ J 4. The ote connection between a neuron and a muscle cell is known as (a) axis cylinder i juncti i ssi * (b) terminal branches (c) neuromuscular Junction (4) synaptic transmission () motor end plate5. Which of these statements is true for skeletal muscles icy form 40-50% body mass (b) they are voluntary and striated (¢) they are contri (id by the somatic nervous system (@ they range from tiny strands to large masses (e) all of the above . 6. The basic contractile unit of the skeletal muscle is ihe (a) filaments (b) sarcomere (c) Muscle fiber (d) fascia (e) fasciculus 7. Which of the following is TRUE for excitation contraction coupling (2) it converts slectrical stimulus 10 @ mechanical response (b) it occurs between excitation and contraction of the muscle (c) it involves Seties of activities that are responsible for contraction of the excited muscle (d) all of the Above (c) none of the above 8. The decrease in muscular activity due (0 T€P#Uted stimuli is known as (4) excitability (b) contractility (c) fatigue (d) tetanus (e) nO"E OF the above 9, Which of these statements about sensory MEHTONS is true? (a) they send signals to the brain and spinal cord (b) they respond 10 Stull such as touch (e) they have short axons and long dendrites (d) none of the above (¢) all of the above scular 10. which of these is NOT amoug the series Of events that occur during ae plate transmission? (a) release of ACH (b) action of ACH (c) development of end PI potential (d) opening of ACH channels (¢) destruction of ACH vpcardium (6) itis LLAll these are true about cardiue muscles except (a)it is also called ted by ‘ne'somatie responsible for the ability of the heart to contract © it is controlle a nervous system (d) itis an involuntary, striated muscle tissue (¢) none of the above 12. Which of these phases is NOT included in action potential in cardiac muscles (a) development of miniature end plate potential (b) initial repolarization (c) initial depolarization (4) final depolarization or plateau (e)final repolarization ; 13. During the initial depolarization phase in cardiac muscle action potential (a)the resting membrane potential is re-established (b) there is opening of fast sodium-ion channels (c) there is closure of sodium -ion channels (d) fatigue occurs (e) none of the above 14. When a stimutus is applied to a tissue, whatever may be the strength, there is either a response or none at all, This is known as (a) fatigue (b) Tetanus (c) Newtons Law (d) all or none law (e) one or more law 15, Sustained contraction of a muscle due to repeated stimuli is known as « (a) tetanus (b) fatigue (c) contraction (d) excitation (c) action potential 16. During excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscles, calcium enters the cell through the (a) voltage gated sodium —ion channels (b) voltage gated potassium ion channels (c) voltage gated L-type calcium channels (d) voltage gated T-tubule channels (@) none of the above \ 17. All these paris of the body possess smooth muscles except (a) liver (b) gall bladder (small intestine (d) shoulder (e) rectum 18. Which of these phases is NOT included in action potential in smooth muscles (a)development of end plate potential (b)spike potential (c) spike potential initiated by slow wave rhythm (d) action potential with plateau (e) none of the aboveforms the major contractite tissues of var "ee (b) skeletal muscle (©) scat Muscles (a) all of fd shine) cae i sen 2a etn mates are nowsttiated 20d Involuntary bese te ne m nucleus (b) cellular organelles (¢) potential diffe 22. During Action potential in Skeletal muscles . + changes the membrane potentiat and make it more negative (a) depolarization (b) repolarization (c) resting membrane potential (d) hyperpolarization (e) end plate potential 22. What part of the neuron houses the nucleus which carries the DNA material (2) exon (b) soma (c) dendrites (d) node of ranvier (¢) myelin sheath - 23. The type of action potential responsible for sustained contraction oe smooth muscle fibers is called (q) action potential with placa (b) spike potential with plateau (c) miniature end plate potential (c) spike potential initiated by slow wave (2) end plate potential / 24, Which of these muscles have the slowest mode of contraction (a) cardiac muscles (b) skeletal muscles (c) voluntary muscles (d)none of the above (e) smooth muscles 25, Which of these muscles is spindle shaped (a) smooth muscles (b) skelets! muscles (¢) cardiac muscles (d)ull of the above (c) none of the above 26. The twa body systems that regulate homeostasis are the: 19, + (3) (4) structure (e) sarcomere (a) cardiovascular and respiratory systems (b) cardiovascular and urinary systems (¢) cardiovascular and endocrine systems (d) nervous and cardiovascular sy and endocrine systems 27. Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop? (ems (¢) nervous (2) A neuron is stimulated, thus opening membrane channels to allow sodium ions to leak from the extracellular fluid to the intracellular fluid, This causes more membrane channels to open, thus allowing more sodium ions to enter the intracellular fluid.(b) Baroreceptors notify the brain that the blood pressure has increased, The brain then notifies the blood vessels 10 dilate, thus lowering the blood pressure. (c) I.ow levels of glucose in the blood cause the pancreas to release less insulin (d) Elevated body temperature ig sensed by cells in the brain. As a result, sweat is produced, and heat is lost as the water in the sweat evaporates. (c) An auto factory eat produces sib ano daan RFa ro 28, Place the following in correct Sequence from the simplest to most complex: 1. Molecules f 2. Atoms | 3. Tissues 4. Cells 5. Organ3,5. (2) 1.2.3,4,5 (b) 2.1,4,3,5 (©) 2.1,3,4.5 (d) 1.2, 29. Homeostasis is the condition in which the body inaintains: 9 Tiolowesty possible eneny sage b) A relatively stable internal environment, within limits ¢) oe : ; A satiate with no deviation fom preset points d) A changing state, within an untimite! 30. Which of the followir a). e . 2 7 ‘he nuclear envelope is exactly like other cellular membranes. by. The n separates the genetic material from the cytoplasm. ¢), The NUslear cwlaekindee oncentric membranes. d). The nuclear envelope is studded With pores. e). all rot .€). all of the above en the nucleds and the cytoplasm? 1g in not true of the nuclear envelope? 31. What kind of molecules must pass betwe ydrntes (c) Monosuecharides a). DNA (6). Protein (c). Lipid (d). Carbol 32. The Golgi complex g chemicals (8) (a) Synthesizes proteins (b) Produces ATP (©) Provides # pathway for transporting Forms glycoproteins (c). no specific fiction 33, The following points about microfilament with microtubules (b) Js (a) They are invo ed mainly in the ) Nucleus (e) cytoplasm rotein synthesis by 1s are trite eXCept (a) They form cytoskeleton ) They pfovide support and shape (©) They form intracellular conducting channel Ived in muscle cell contraction mammalian cells rRNA is produc 34.In reticulum (b) Ribosome (¢) Nucleolus ( (a) Endoplasmic 435. Genetic information of (0) RNA () mRNA (c) RNA (d) Polysomes has little to contribute to the homeostas (c). Respiratory System anclear DNA is transmitted to the site of pi 36. What system is of the organisin? (@.Urinary System _ (b). Reproductive System System (e). Integumetary system (d). Nervous at best deseribe(s) homeostasis. (a). Fluctuating within a homeostatic range (b). Maintaining a constant intel (©). Dynamic equilibrium (d) Deviating _(e) Thermal ampliqnse sve vein the extrance tar mai” 0) heparin sultate (©) fibronect 37, Select the phrase(s) below th +ny ronment Leys mne ents membrane bind 107 ae pon es inant none or ie (a chondroitin sult above : 39. The uptake of solutes OF. fluids is called(2) plasmolysis __(b) phagocytosis (c) pinocytosis (dl) cytolysis (e) osmosis 40.A cell must expend energy to transport substances using (@). cell membrane pumps (b). facilitated diffusion (c). ion channels (a). osmosis (¢) simple diffusion 41. Which of the following correctly lists the levels of organization from least complex to most complex? a) cellular, tissue, chemical s: ystem, organ, organism b) chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism c) tissue, cellular, chemical, organ, system, organism d) chemical, tissue, cellular, system, organ, organism c) organism, system, organ, tissue cellular, chemical IN QUESTIONS 42-45, MATCH EACH ORGANELLE WITH THE APPROPRIATE STATEMENT, (Note: Items A through E may be used more than once.) A) Ribosome B) cell membrane ©) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) D) lysosome E) mitochondrion 42) Usually described as a fluid-mosaic model 45) Plars an important role in autophagy 44) Comains DNA, can move and reproduce 45) Made up of interconnected tubules 46. (A) Adrenergi ¥ ic a receprors Cholinergic Atuscarinie receptors je (ener sie nersie B2 receptors (Dy(A) Sympathetic Chain ganglia (B) Autonomi ganglic : Preveriebral ganglia (E) None of the above eg 2. Aves enres 1) 49. Given these structures 4, Collateral ganglion 2 vise ramus cominunicans . Sympathetic chain ganglion ; Choad Stimnchnie nerves : oose the arrangement that lists the structures in the Order an action potenti through them on the way from a spinal nerve to an effector ‘ction potential travels (4) 13,24 (B) 3,142 (C) 14,23 (3241 )1,2,3,4 50. Administration of which of the drugs ts suitable for 4 Patient with a history of asthma (A) Yohimbine (B) Salbutamol (C) Phentolamine (1D) Phenoxybenzamine @) Propranolol Si. Which of the following is a feature of the Y™Puthetic but not the parasympathetic nervous system? () Ganglia located on the effector organ (B) Long preganglionic neurons (C) preganglionic neuron originate in the thoracolumbar part of the spinal cord (D) Post ganglionic neurons release Ae (E) preganglionic neurons release Ach 52. Which of the following is correctly paired? (A) Sinoatrial node: nicotinic cholinergie receplors (B) Autonomic ganglia: muscarinic cholinergic receptor (C) Pilomotor smaoth muscle: Adrenergic receptor (D) Apocrine glands: thick odoriferous secretion (B) Kidney: increased output and renin secretion 53, Which of the following drugs would not be expected to increase sympathetic discharge or mimic the effect of sympathetic discharge? (A) Prazosin (B) Amphetamine (C) Isoproerenot (D)Methoxamine (E) salbutamol 54. Parasympathetic nerve activity ince: wig a lex apn (A) is essential for survival (B) Ajeet, on geet ah i? smooth muscle of the ‘gastrointestinal wal! « Creer — above (E) None of pore vermimats OD! opine 3 tine is released at all of Acegicholine 55.(A) Alt preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (B) All posiganglionte sympathetic neurons (©) All preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (D) Few postganglionic sympathestic 1 (E) None of the above 56. Which of the following responses is mediated by parasympathetic receptors? (A) Dilation of bronchiolar smooth (®) Erection (C) Ejaculation (D) Consiritetion of GI sphincter (&) Increased cardiac contractility 57 ANS control centers includes all EXCEPT the ab (AMedulla Oblongaia (B) Cerebellum (C) Hypothalamus (D) Spinal cord (F) None of he above 58 — The pathway through which ANS ellcits physiological responses and regulates its visceral functions is referred to as (A) Reflex are (B) Autonomic reflex (C) Sympathetic Reflex (D) Barotsreceptor reflex ¢(E) Reflex Action - ~ 59. All of these are true of the Somatic nervous system EXCEPT (A) Neuron extends from the CNS to skeletal muscle (B) Axon sheaths are myelirtated (C) Acetylcholine is its neurotransmitter substance (P) It supplies smooth muscles, cardiacz muscles and glands (E) It has one single nerve fiber between the CNS and skeletal muscle cell 60. The three largest pre-vertebral ganglia includes (A) Celiac, posterior and anterior mesenteric ganglion (B) Superior, inferior mesenteric ganglion and celiac ganglion (C) Symparketic chain ganglion, posterior mesenteric sganglion and collateral ganglion (D) Autonomic ganglion, celiac ganglion and inferior mezsenteric ganglion (E) Collateral ganglion, paravertebral ganglion and celiac ganglion 61. Sympathetic axons exit the sympathetic chain ganglia by the folk ping? routes EXCEPT Ramee Op Ne Setar (A) Spinal nerves (B) Sympathetic nerves (C) Splanchnie nerv . . danervations of the adrenal gland f ‘mic nerves (D) Trigeminal nerves (B) 02 Which of the divistons of the ANS is independent of supply from the CNS (A) Enterte nervous system (B) Sy1 ic Sympathetic nervous system C) Parasympathetic nerv ystem () None of the above (E) Somatic Nervous system ee nee 63. Within the ANS e ic si i ; the foros te aN efferent autonomic signals are transmitted t0 the effector by withich ofsanic and sensory neurons (B) preganglionic and post ganglionic neurons ( aT and moter roe D) preganglionic and unipolar neurons (E) none of the sl above | Ot Which of these set of drugs causes the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings? 1 (A) Reserpine, guanethidine, propranolol (B) Phenoxybenzamine, phentholamine, metoprolol (C) Metaraminol, ephedrine, amphetamine (D) reserpine,metaraminol, amphetamine propranolol metaraminol hedrine, 65. A conformational change on the structure Of epateceptor, ‘protein as a result of binding to the transmitter substance gives rise fo the following. EPT ‘ate tetivation of the enzyng ne (A) Opening and closing of ion channels (B) 4 (he enzyme attached to the receptor protein (C) Excitationmhibition of the effector cell (D) dnactivation of receptor protein enzyme (E) Stimulation of Adrenal gland 06. Which of the following responses is mediated by s¥inpathetic receptors? (A) Increased heart rate (B) Bronchiolar constriction (C) Relaxation of the gastrointestinal sphincters (D) Sweating on palms of the hands (F) Decreased heart rate 67, Which of these drugs is similar to phenylephrine but with a long lasting e , bradycardia when administered in large dosages? 8 lasting effect causing (A) Metaraminol (B) Ephedrine (C) Methoxamine (D) Amphetamine (2) Salbutamot 68, Aufonomic nervous system (A) Is a system that functions primarily by secreting cherie! + Is a component of peripheral nervous system that regulates, aes Physiolon (C) Is a system that controls voluntary responses of the ody? (D) all of th tector "above None of FO 69, Interconnected neural network formed by newt’ the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of ANS is referred 10 as snes (1 invonsomie REEVE PIERUSES (D) Autonomic axons (A) Interneuron circuit (B) Newrafitame! ns (E) Sensory neuro’ . Il except sor types of autonomic reflexes lili Fcabolerestinol reflexes (D) Defecation 7. The major preqexes (B) Mastication reflexes Gas ies Pe iovascular re) e. (A) Cardion reflexes (E) jicturition and Sexual reflexes flea Mi