1.

Under the microscope, the skeletal muscle cell is characterized by:

A. Long and cylindrical, single nucleus, no striations,
B. Long and cylindrical with branching, multiple nuclei, with striations
C. Spindle-shaped, one nucleus, no striations
D. Long and cylindrical, multiple nuclei, with striations

2. Under the microscope, the smooth muscle is characterized by:

A. Long and cylindrical, one nucleus, no striations
B. Spindle-shaped, single nucleus, no striations
C. Long and cylindrical, multiple nuclei, with striations
D. Spindle-shape with branching, single nucleus, no striations

3. Under the microscope, the cardiac muscle cell is characterized by:

A. Long and cylindrical, one nucleus, no striations
B. Spindle-shaped, single nucleus, no striations
C. Long and cylindrical with branching, single nucleus, no striations
D. Spindle-shaped with branching, multiple nuclei, with striations

4. Which of the following muscle cell/s is/are involuntarily controlled?

A. Cardiac and Skeletal muscle cells
B. Skeletal muscle cell
C. Smooth and Skeletal muscle cells
D. Cardiac and Smooth muscle cells

5. The ability of the muscle to be stretched beyond its normal resting length and still be ale
to contract.
A. Contractility
B. Extensibility
C. Elasticity
D. Excitability

6. The capacity of the muscle to respond to a stimulus.

A. Contractility
B. Extensibility
C. Elasticity
D. Excitability

7. The skeletal muscle with its associated connective tissue constitutes approximately 60%
of the body weight.
A. True
B. False

8. Which of the following connective tissue sheath surrounds each skeletal muscle?
A. Perimysium
B. Epimysium
C. Endomysium
D. Parietal membrane

9. Which of the following connective tissue sheath surrounds each fascicle?

A. Perimysium
B. Epimysium
C. Endomysium
D. Parietal membrane

10. Which of the following connective tissue sheath surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber?
A. Perimysium
B. Epimysium
C. Endomysium
D. Parietal membrane

11. Which of the following are the electrical component structures of a muscle cell?
A. Sarcomere
B. Sarcolemma
C. T tubules
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C

12. Which part of the skeletal muscle releases calcium ions?

A. Sarcolemma
B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. T tubules
D. Terminal cisternae

13. Which of the following are the mechanical component structures of a muscle cell?
A. Myosin
B. Actin
C. Sarcolemma
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C

14. Part of the sarcomere that only contains actin.

A. I band
B. A band
C. H zone
D. Z disk

15. Part of the sarcomere that contains actin and myosin filaments.
A. I band
B. A band
C. H zone
D. Z disk

16. Part of the sarcomere that only contains Myosin without myosin rods and heads.
A. I band
B. A band
C. H zone
D. Z disk

17. Which troponin molecule combines with calcium ion?

A. Troponin T
B. Troponin I
C. Troponin C
D. Tropomyosin

18. Which filament blocks the active binding of Actin?

A. Troponin T
B. Troponin I
C. Troponin C
D. Tropomyosin

19. A synapse where a neuron connects with a muscle fiber.

A. Synapse
B. Motor neuron
C. Neuromuscular junction
D. Presynaptic terminal

20. A group of muscle fiber that a single motor neuron stimulates.

A. Motor unit
B. Synaptic vesicle
C. Synaptic cleft
D. Motor neuron

21. The space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic membrane.
A. Synaptic cleft
B. Synaptic vesicle
C. Synapse
D. Motor neuron

22. The neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles.

A. Dopamine
B. Epinephrine
C. Acetylcholine
D. Glutamate

23. The electrical charge difference across the cell membrane of an unstimulated cell.
A. Action potential
B. Muscle contraction
C. Neuromuscular junction
D. Resting membrane potential

24. The resting membrane potential exists because of:

A. Concentration of potassium is higher outside.
B. Concentration of Potassium is higher inside.
C. Concentration of sodium is higher outside.
D. Concentration of sodium is higher inside.
E. Both A and D
F. Both B and C

25. A rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane.

A. Resting membrane potential
B. Action potential
C. Neuromuscular junction
D. Muscle contraction

26. What happens during depolarization?

A. Influx of potassium ions into the cell.
B. Efflux of potassium ions out of the cell.
C. Influx of sodium ions into the cell.
D. Efflux of sodium ions out of the cell.

27. What happens during repolarization?

A. Closing of voltage-gated sodium channels and opening of voltage-gated potassium
channels.
B. Closing of voltage-gated potassium channels and opening of voltage-gated sodium
channels.
C. Influx of sodium ions into the cell.
D. Efflux of potassium ions out of the cell.
E. Both A and C
F. Both A and D

28. A resting membrane potential of about -70mv of a nerve cell is due to:
A. Outward flow of K+ ions through leaky channels
B. Chloride ions passing through ligand-gated chloride ion channels
C. More leaky, non-gated channels for K+ than Na+
D. Both A and B
E. Both A and C
29. The downstroke phase of the action potential is brought about by the:
A. Inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels
B. Closing of nicotinic receptors
C. Slow activation of voltage-gated K+ channels
D. Both A and B
E. Both A and C

30. What causes cessation of muscle contraction?

A. Decreased activity of the calcium pump (SERCA) in the SR membrane.
B. The release of calcium into the sarcoplasm with the opening of the ryanodine receptor.
C. Removal of calcium from the myofibrils by the SR calcium pump.
D. When no new muscle action potentials are generated.
E. Both C and D

31. Excessive ATP utilization result in partial ATP depletion and partial paralysis of the
calcium pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle cells. This will lead to:
A. A decline in calcium concentration in muscle cytoplasm
B. An accumulation of calcium in sarcoplasm, leading to poor muscle relaxation.
C. Actin-myosin attached states are promoted due to calcium accumulation and ATP
depletion
D. Both A and C
E. Both B and C

32. What directly activates ryanodine receptor in skeletal muscle cells?

A. Conformational change of the dihydroxypyridine receptor
B. Acetylcholine
C. A wave of depolarization
D. Calcium

33. Thin filaments are made up of:

A. Titin
B. Alpha-actinin
C. Nebulin
D. Actin with associated regulatory troponin, tropomyosin
E. Myosin

34. During upstroke of the nerve action potential:

A. There is net outward current, and the cell interior becomes more negative.
B. There is net outward current, and the cell interior become less negative.
C. There is net inward current, and the cell interior becomes more negative.
D. There is net inward current, and the cell interior becomes less negative.
35. Activation, followed by inactivation, of these integral membrane proteins lead to the
genesis and termination of an action potential:
A. Mechanically gated ion channel
B. Voltage-gated ion channels
C. Leaky, non-gated ion channels
D. Ligand-gated ion channels
E. Gap junctions

36. Which is NOT TRUE of transverse tubules of muscle?

A. The dihydroxypyridine receptor is embedded in the membrane of the transverse
tubules.
B. The ryanodine receptor is embedded in the wall of transverse tubules.
C. It allows for action potentials to travel inside the interior of muscle cell.
D. There are many voltage-gated ion channel proteins in the membrane of transverse
tubules.
E. They are invaginations or extensions of the plasmalemma of muscle cells into the cell
interior.

37. The cross-bridge state (initiation of sliding filament mechanism) occurs with the
following prerequisite conditions:
A. Globular heads of myosin attaches to exposed binding sites of actin, pulling actin
filaments towards the center of the sarcomere.
B. Partially hydrolyzed ADP and inorganic phosphate are attached to the globular head of
myosin, increasing myosin’s affinity for actin.
C. Each molecule of Troponin C binds to 4 calcium ions, causing a change in the troponin-
tropomyosin complex, exposing myosin-binding sites on the actin filaments,
D. All the choices.
E. An increase in intracellular calcium in the sarcoplasm.

38. In the “relaxed” state of skeletal muscle cells, the following protein molecules prevents
actin from interacting and binding with the globular heads of myosin:
A. Nebulin and Titin
B. Troponin-Tropomyosin complex
C. Alpha-Actinin
D. SERCA

39. A type of muscle contraction that has an increase in muscle tension, but no change in
muscle length.
A. Isotonic
B. Isometric
C. Tetanus
D. Muscle twitch
40. A type of muscle contraction that increases the tension in a muscle and decreases the
length.
A. Isotonic
B. Isometric
C. Tetanus
D. Muscle twitch

41. It is the amount of force in an individual muscle fiber.

A. Recruitment
B. Tetanus
C. Summation
D. Muscle tone

42. It is the amount of force in a whole muscle.

A. Recruitment
B. Tetanus
C. Summation
D. Muscle tone

43. The constant tension produced by the muscles over long periods of time.
A. Tetanus
B. Muscle twitch
C. Recruitment
D. Muscle tone

44. Isotonic contraction in which muscle tension increases as the muscle shortens.
A. Isometric
B. Concentric
C. Eccentric
D. Tetanus

45. Isotonic contraction in which tension is maintained in a muscle, but the opposing
resistance causes the muscle to lengthen.
A. Isometric
B. Concentric
C. Eccentric
D. Tetanus

46. Slow twitch fibers are characterized as:

A. Use aerobic respiration.
B. They have considerable amount of myoglobin.
C. Used by sprinters.
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C
47. Fast twitch fibers are characterized as:
A. Use anaerobic respiration.
B. Energy is from glycogen
C. Make up most of the muscle of the upper limb.
D. Used by sprinters.
E. All of the choices

48. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about ATP production?

A. Transfer of creatine phosphate by creatine kinase from ADP to form ATP.
B. Anaerobic production of ATP during intensive short-term exercise.
C. Conversion of one ADP to one ATP by enzyme phosphate kinase.
D. Aerobic production of ATP during most exercise.
E. None of the choices.

49. The lag time between when a person begins to exercise and when they begin to breathe
more heavily because of the exercise.
A. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption
B. Oxygen deficit

50. The lag time between when a person begins to exercise and when they begin to breathe
more heavily because of the exercise
A. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption
B. Oxygen deficit

51. Attachment of muscle at the least mobile location.

A. Insertion
B. Origin
C. Retinaculum
D. Aponeuroses

52. The end of the muscle attached to the bone undergoing the greatest movement.
A. Insertion
B. Origin
C. Tendon
D. Belly

53. Extension of Biceps brachii at elbow joint.

A. Agonist
B. Antagonist

54. Extension of Triceps brachii at elbow joint.

A. Antagonist
B. Agonist
55. Which of the following is NOT TRUE for muscle of mastication?
A. Temporalis
B. Pterygoids
C. Buccinator
D. Masseter

56. Which of the following does not belong to erector spinae muscles?
A. Longissimus
B. Iliocostalis
C. Spinalis
D. Intercostal muscles

57. Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

A. External intercostals : elevate ribs for inspiration
B. Diaphragm : major muscle for inspiration
C. Internal intercostals : depress ribs during expiration
D. Both A and B

58. Which of the following is not true for abdominal muscles?

A. Ischiocavernosus
B. Rectus abdominis
C. Transverse abdominis
D. Internal abdominal oblique

59. Consist the quadriceps femoris, EXCEPT?

A. Rectus femoris
B. Gracilis
C. Vastus lateralis
D. Vastus medialis

60. Consist the hamstring, EXCEPT?

A. Biceps femoris
B. Semimembranosus
C. Semitendinosus
D. Triceps femoris

61. Muscle of the lower leg the inverts foot.

A. Gastrocnemius
B. Gracilis
C. Tibialis anterior
D. Soleus