MODULE 1: FAKE NEWS
- Referred to news parodies and satire.
Examples: the Daily Show, the Colbert
New Political Media
Report, and the weekend update on Saturday
- Forms of communication that facilitate the night live.
production, dissemination, and exchange of - The concept of fake news was attached to
political content on platforms and within fictitious stories made to appear as if they
networks that accommodate interaction and were real news articles.
collaboration. - Fake news stories play to people’s
- They have evolved rapidly over the past three pre-existing beliefs about political leaders,
decades, and continue to develop in novel, parties, organizations, and the mainstream
sometimes unanticipated ways. news media. While some fake news stories are
- New media have wide-ranging implications for outright fabrications.
democratic governance and political practices. - Conspiration theories, hoaxes, and lies were
- The relationship between legacy media and spread efficiently through Facebook,
new media is symbiotic. Snapchat, and other social media, and reached
millions of voters in the 2016 election
Legacy Media (Oremus, 2016)
- Have incorporated new media into their
reporting strategies.
- They distribute material across an array of
old and new communication platforms.
- Rely on new media sources to meet the
ever-increasing demand for content.
POST-TRUTH MEDIA
- Ralph Keyes (2004) observes that society has
entered a post-truth era.
- Deception has become a defining
characteristic of modern life and is so
pervasive that people are desensitized to its
implications.
- Post-truth media was prominent during the
2016 presidential election. Media accounts of
the election were infused with
misinformation, baseless rumours, and
outright lies.
- False stories and unverified factoids
emanated from fabricated news sites as well
as the social media accounts of the
candidates and their surrogates.
- The most extreme illustration of the concept
of post-truth reporting is the rise of fake
news.
MODULE 2: What is the value of being a media and
information literate person?
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 1. Being literate about media and information
- Enables people to interpret and make will give us an advantage in our modern world
informed judgements as users of information today, especially in terms of giving and
and media, as well as to become skillful gathering information knowing best most of
creators and producers of information and the false and accurate information in
media messages in their own right. different kinds of media, especially media.
- Combines media literacy and information in 2. A media and information literate country will
one term, and includes a combination of gain more advantage compared to other
competencies. countries which stay in the traditional way of
being literate such as referring to libraries,
archives, newspapers, etc.
Media Literacy
3. It also improves the quality of life, learning
- Emphasises the ability to understand media
environment, and more cohesive learning units.
functions
- Evaluate how they are performed and use
them for self-expression FAQS
Information Literacy How can media and information literacy help
- Emphasises the importance of access to us in our career life?
information and evaluation and ethical use of - It can help us in our career by having
such information. knowledge on using media and information
- Is the ability to recognize when information literacy that can be used in our professional
is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and career.
effectively communicate information in its
various formats. What is the disadvantage of using media
- Focuses on the freedom of expression literacy in our life?
- Empowers citizens to understand the
- The disadvantage of using media is being
functions of media and other information
addicted and not having control over the
providers
usage of media.
Information literacy and Media literacy are
traditionally seen as separate fields. It is the
strategy that brings together these two fields as
combined sets of competencies necessary for life and
work today.
Technology Literacy
- Is the ability of an individual, either working
independently or with others, to responsively
and effectively use technological tools.
MODULE 3: Electronic Age
- Also known as digital age, or computer age,
EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL TO NEW is a period in human history characterized by
MEDIA the shift from traditional industry that the
industrial revolution brought through
industrialization to an economy based on
Prehistoric Age
information computerization (Deegan &
- People used traditional papers and writing Tanner, 2002).
material to communicate with each other - People use telegraph, telegram, telephone,
- People discovered fire, developed paper from and computers to communicate with each
plants and forged equipment and tools with other
stone, bronze, copper and iron. - People use to store information with the use
- People use to store information with the use of printing press or books and computers
of traditional paper, writing materials and - People use to share and broadcast
cave writings information with the following
- People use to share and broadcast equipment/format: printing press or books,
information with the following computers, and radio
equipment/format: traditional paper, writing
materials and cave writings
New Age
Industrial Age - People use mobile phones, smart phones,
wearable technology, and social media to
- People use paper and pen typewriter to
communicate with each other
communicate with each other
- People use to store information with the use
- People used the power of steam, developed
of printing press or books, digital books,
machine tools, established iron production,
mobile phones, smart phones, wearable
and the manufacturing of various products.
technology, and social media
- People use to store information with the use
- People use to share and broadcast
of printing press or books
information with the following
- People use to share and broadcast
equipment/format: printing press or books,
information with the following
television, radio, digital books, mobile
equipment/format: printing press or books
phones, smart phones, wearable technology,
and social media
FAQS MODULE 4:
How does the evolution of media affect the PRINT
lives of the students? - This type of news media used to be the only
- The evolution of media has created a great way of delivering information to the public.
impact in the lives of the students because - For the generation of the 80’s and 90’s,
we already have a wide array of access to print media was the only media of entertain.
information - Kind of mass communication that creates and
disseminates news and information through
printed publications.
Why do we need to study the evolution of
- The general public receives this data and
media? pictures or graphics in printed form, also
- It allows us to better understand the culture known as hard copy
behind media platforms as well as the impact - People relied on newspapers and magazines to
or relationship media has with us learn everything from recipes and
entertainment news to important information.
- Newspaper, magazines, and books
BROADCAST
- It is the most expedient means to transmit
information immediately to the widest
possible audience, although the internet
currently challenges television as the primary
source of news
- Central high-powered broadcast tower
transmits high-frequency electromagnetic
wave to numerous receivers. Modulated with a
signal containing visual and audio information.
- Television, radio, and movies
INTERNET
- Internet to get the news a lot more often
than the traditional news source.
- Websites provide information in the form of
video, text, and audio. We can even choose
the way we want to receive the news
- Social networks, podcast, website
NEW MEDIA
- Disseminates information mostly through
news broadcast on radio
ACTIVITY MODULE 5:
INTERNET MEDIA MEDIA CONVERGENCE
websites provide information in the form of - The merging of the different types of mass
video text and audio media such as the traditional media, print
media, broadcast media, new media and the
PRINT MEDIA internet as well as the portable and highly
interactive technologies through digital media
this type of news media used to be the only
platforms.
way of delivering information to the public.
- Communication, Computing and Content are
all three integrated through technology.
INTERNET MEDIA - The most relevant example of media
We rely on the internet to get the news convergence is a smartphone that blends
various media.
BROADCAST MEDIA - Proved to be beneficial in the digital era
which is filled with consent seeking our
it is the most expedient means to transmit
attention continuously.
information immediately to the widest
possible audience
MOST POPULAR EXAMPLES OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE
● Smartphones (converging camera, music, the
PRINT MEDIA internet, books, and all other media together)
people rely on newspapers and magazines to ● Online radio (converging radio with the
learn everything, from recipes and internet)
entertainment news. ● E-books (converging paperbacks with digital
technology)
● News websites and apps
IMPORTANT ADVANTAGES OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE
● Instant availability of news and
moment-based content is one of the top
advantages if media convergence between
traditional media and new media.
● The content producers can specifically target
the best audience or group they are aiming
towards by publishing customized content.
● With media convergence, the audience has
also become the creators themselves. From
memes to social media posts, media
convergence has truly been beneficial to
integrate audiences on a global level.
● Another important benefit of media
convergence is that it has broadened the
limitations of traditional media by blending
with new media, thus providing instant and
latest content on an international level.
● With the media convergence between
traditional media and new media, the cost of
digital marketing has also become economical
thus making this process beneficial and
affordable.
FAQS MODULE 6:
What does media convergence mean?
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
- The interconnection of communication
technologies, computer networks, media RESOURCES
content and information.
- It is constituted of 3Cs, i.e. Computing, Indigenous Media
communication, and content and is a result - This is defined as a form of media expression.
of digital media content and the inception of - Conceptualized, produced, and circulated by
the internet. indigenous peoples.
- Worldwide as vehicles for communication,
How does media convergence help you as a including cultural preservation, cultural and
student? artistic expression, political
self-determination, and cultural sovereignty.
- Helps students develop practical skills in
digital media making and the ability to
critically analyze practices in the media Library
industry. - Is a collection of materials, books, or media
that are accessible for use and not just for
display purposes.
- A library provides physical (hard copies) or
digital access (soft copies) materials and
maybe a physical location or a virtual space, or
both.
Online Source
- Material you find online.
- It can be an online newspaper, magazine or
television website such as NBC or CNN.
- Peer-reviewed journals, webpages, forums and
blogs are also online sources.
- Some other names for online sources are
electronic sources, web sources and internet
sources.
WHAT TO CONSIDER IN EXAMINING SOURCES
OF INFORMATION?
1. RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION
- Information is said to be reliable if it can be
verified and evaluated.
- Others refer to the trustworthiness of the
source in evaluating the reliability of
information.
SKILLS DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY 3. VALUE OF INFORMATION
OF INFORMATION - Information is said to be of value if it aids
a) Check the author. The author’s willingness to the user in making or improving decisions.
be identified is a good indication of reliability.
b) Check the date of publication or update. 4. AUTHORITY OF THE SOURCE
While the information may be true, it may not - Much of the information we gather daily does
be reliable if it is outdated and may have lost not come from a primary source but is passed
relevance. on through secondary sources such as writers,
c) Check for citations. Reliable authors have the reporters, and the like. Sources with
discipline of citing sources of their established expertise on the subject matter
information are considered as having sound authority on
d) Check the domain or owner of the site or the subject.
page. The domains .edu and .gov are reserved
for academic institutions and the government
5. TIMELINESS
respectively. Information from such sites is
- Reliability, accuracy, and value of information
presented with caution and is usually
may vary based on the time it was produced
well-grounded. Site owners may have an
or acquired. While a piece of information may
agenda that affects the manner by which
have been found accurate, reliable, and
information is presented
valuable during the time it was produced, it
e) Check the site design and the writing style.
may become irrelevant and inaccurate with
Credible sources take time to make their
the passing of time.
information accessible and easy to
- Other information may be timeless, proven to
comprehend.
be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value
throughout history.
2. ACCURACY OF INFORMATION
- Accuracy refers to the closeness of the
report to the actual data.
- Measurement of accuracy varies, depending
on the type of information being evaluated.
- Forecasts are said to be accurate if the
report is similar to the actual data.
- Financial information is considered accurate
if the values are correct, properly classified,
and presented.
SKILLS DETERMINING THE ACCURATE
INFORMATION
a) Looks for facts
b) Cross-reference with other sources to check
for consistency
c) Determine the reason for writing and
publishing the information. Check if the
author is objective or learning heavily from a
certain point of view.
d) Check for advertising. Advertisers may use
related information to market their products.
