:- maths
Quadrilaterals
Question 7.
In Δs ABC and Δs DEF, AB = DC and AB//DE; BC = EF and BC//EF. Vertices A, B and C are joined to vertices D, E and F
respectively (see figure). Show that
i) ABED is a parallelogram
ii) BCFE is a parallelogram
iii) AC = DF
iv) ΔABC = ΔDEF
Solution:
Given that in ΔABC and ΔDEF
AB = DE and AB // DE
BC = EF and BC//EF.
i) In □ABED AB//ED and AB = ED
Hence □ABED is a parallelogram.
ii) In □BCFE; BC = EF and BC//EF
Hence □BCFE is a parallelogram.
iii) ACFD is a parallelogram (In a paral-lelogram opposite sides are equal).
So, AC = DF.
iv) Consider ΔABC = ΔDEF
AB = DE (given);
AC = DF (proved)
BC = EF (given)
∴ ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF (SSS congruency rule).
Question 8.
ABCD is a parallelogram. AC and BD are the diagonals intersect at ‘O’. P and Q are the points of trisection of the
diagonal BD. Prove that CQ//AP and also AC bisects PQ.
Solution:
Given □ABCD is a parallelogram;
BD is a diagonal.
P, Q are the points of trisection of BD.
In ΔAPB and ΔCQD
AB = CD (•.• Opp. sides of //gm ABCD)
BP = DQ (given)
∠ABP = ∠CDQ (alt. int. angles for the lines AB//DC, BD as a transversal)
ΔAPB = ΔCQD (SAS congruence)
Similarly in ΔAQD and ΔCPB
AD = BC (opp. sides of //gm ABCD)
DQ = BP (given)
∠ADQ = ∠CBP (all int. angles for the lines AD//BC, BD as a transversal)
ΔAQD ≅ ΔCPB
Now in □APCQ
AP = CQ (CPCT of AAPB, ACQD)
AQ = CP (CPCT of AAQD and ACPB)
∴ □APCQ is a parallelogram.
∴ CQ//AP (opp. sides of//gm APCQ)
Also AC bisects PQ. [ ∵ diagonals of //gm APCQ]
Question 9.
ABCD is a square. E, F, G and H are the mid points of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. Such that AE = BF = CG = DH.
Prove that EFGH is a square.
Solution:
Given that ABCD is a square.
E, F, G, H are the mid points of AB, BC, CD and DA.
Also AE = BF = CG = DH
In ΔABC; E, F are the mid points of sides AB and BC.
∴ EF//AC and EF = 12 AC
Similarly GH//AC and GH = AC
GF//BD and GF = 12 BD
HE//BD and HE = 12 BD
But AC = BD (∵ diagonals of a square)
∴ EF = FG = GH = HE
Hence EFGH is a rhombus.
Also AC ⊥ BD
(∵ diagonals of a rhombus)
∴ In //gm OIEJ [ ∵ 0I // EJ; IE // OJ]
We have ∠IOJ = ∠E
[ ∵ Opp. angles of a //gm]
∴ ∠E – 90°
Hence in quad. EFGH; all sides are equal and one angle is 90°.
∴ EFGH is a square.
Question 1.
ABC is a triangle. D is a point on AB such that AD = 14 AB and E is a point on AC such that AE = 14 AC. If DE = 2 cm find
BC.
Solution:
Given that D and E are points on AB and AC.
Such that AD = 14 AB and AE = 14 AC
Let X, Y be midpoints of AB and AC.
Joint D, E and X, Y.
Now in ΔAXY; D, E are the midpoints of sides AX and AY.
∴ DE // XY and DE = 12 XY
⇒ 2 cm = 12 XY
⇒ XY = 2 x 2 = 4cm
Also in ΔABC; X, Y are the midpoints of AB and AC.
∴ XY//BC and XY = 12 BC
4 cm = 12 BC
⇒ BC = 4 x 2 = 8 cm
Question 2.
ABCD is a quadrilateral. E, F, G and H are the midpoints of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. Prove that EFGH is a
parallelogram.
Solution:
Given that E, F, G and H are the midpoints of the sides of quad. ABCD.
In ΔABC; E, F are the midpoints of the sides AB and BC.
∴ EF//AC and EF = 12 AC
Also in ΔACD; HG // AC
and HG = 12 AC
∴ EF // HG and EF = HG
Now in □EFGH; EF = HG and EF // HG
∴ □EFGH is a parallelogram.
Question 3.
Show that the figure formed by joining the midpoints of sides of a rhom¬bus successively is a rectangle.
Solution:
Let □ABCD be a rhombus.
P, Q, R and S be the midpoints of sides of □ABCD
In ΔABC,
P, Q are the midpoints of AB and BC.
∴ PQ//AC and PQ = 12AC …………………..(1)
Also in ΔADC, ,
S, R are the midpoints of AD and CD.
∴ SR//AC and SR = 12AC ………………(2)
From (1) and (2);
PQ // SR and PQ = SR
Similarly QR // PS and QR = PS
∴ □PQRS is a parallelogram.
As the diagonals of a rhombus bisect at right angles.
∠AOB – 90°
∴ ∠P = ∠AOB = 90°
[opp. angles of //gm PYOX] Hence □PQRS is a rectangle as both pairs of opp. sides are equal and parallel, one angle
being 90°.
Question 4.
In a parallelogram ABCD, E and F are the midpoints of the sides AB and DC respectively. Show that the line segments
AF and EC trisect the diagonal BD.
Solution:
□ABCD is a parallelogram. E and F are the mid points of AB and CD.
∴ AE = 12AB and CF = 12CD
Thus AE = CF [∵ AB – CD]
Now in □AECF, AE = CF and AE ||CF
Thus □AECF is a parallelogram.
Now in ΔEQB and ΔFDP
EB = FD [Half of equal sides of a //gm]
∠EBQ = ∠FDP[alt. int.angles of EB//FD]
∠QEB = ∠PFD
[∵∠QED = ∠QCF = ∠PFD]
∴ ΔEQB ≅ ΔFPD [A.S.A. congruence]
∴ BQ = DP [CPCT] ……………… (1)
Now in ΔDQC; PF // QC and F is the midpoint of DC.
Hence P must be the midpoint of DQ
Thus DP = PQ …………….. (2)
From (1) and (2), DP = PQ = QB
Hence AF and CE trisect the diagonal BD.
Question 5.
Show that the line segments joining the mid points of the opposite sides of a quadrilateral and bisect each other.
Solution:
Let ABCD be a quadrilateral.
P, Q, R, S are the midpoints of sides of □ABCD.
Join (P, Q), (Q, R), (R, S) and (S, P).
In ΔABC; P, Q are the midpoints of AB and BC.
∴ PQ // AC and PQ = 12AC ………….(1)
Also from ΔADC
S, R are the midpoints of AD and CD
SR // AC and SR = 12 AC …………………(2)
∴ From (1) & (2)
PQ = SR and PQ //SR
∴ □PQRS is a parallelogram.
Now PR and QS are the diagonals of □ PQRS.
∴ PR and QS bisect each other.
Question 6.
ABC is a triangle right angled at’C’. A line through the midpoint M of hypotenuse AB and parallel to BC intersects AC
at D. Show that
i) D is the midpoint of AC
ii) MD ⊥ AC
iii) CM = MA= 12AB
Solution:
Given that in ΔABC; ∠C = 90°
M is the midpoint of AB.
i) If ‘D’ is the midpoints of AC.
The proof is trivial.
Let us suppose D is not the mid point of AC.
Then there exists D’ such that AD’ = D’C
Then D’M is a line parallel to BC through M.
Also DM is a line parallel to BC through M.
There exist two lines parallel to same line through a point M.
This is a contradiction.
There exists only one line parallel to a given line through a point not on the line.
∴ D’ must coincides with D
∴ D is the midpoint of AC
ii) From (i) DM // BC
Thus ∠ADM = ∠ACB = 90°
[corresponding angles]
⇒ MD ⊥ AC
iii) In ∆ADM and ∆CDM
AD = CD [ ∵ D is midpoint from (i)]
∠ADM = ∠MDC (∵ 90° each)
DM = DM (Common side)
∴ ∆ADM = ∆CDM (SAS congruence)
⇒ CM = MA (CPCT)
CM = 12 AB (∵ M is the midpoint of AB)
∴ CM = MA = 12AB
-:The end:-
