8 QUADRILATERALS

EXERCISE 8.2
Q.1. ABCD is a quadrilateral in which P, Q, R and S
are mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA
respectively. (see Fig.). AC is a diagonal. Show
that :
1
(i) SR || AC and SR = AC
2
(ii) PQ = SR
(iii) PQRS is a parallelogram.
Given : ABCD is a quadrilateral in which P, Q, R and S
are mid-points of AB, BC, CD and DA. AC is a diagonal.
1
To Prove : (i) SR || AC and SR = AC
2
(ii) PQ = SR
(iii) PQRS is a parallelogram
Proof : (i) In ∆ABC, P is the mid-point of AB and Q is the mid-point
of BC.

1
∴ PQ || AC and PQ = AC …(1)
2
[Mid-point theorem]
In ∆ADC, R is the mid-point of CD and S is the mid-point
of AD
1 …(2)
∴ SR || AC and SR = AC
2
[Mid-point theorem]
(ii) From (1) and (2), we get
PQ || SR and PQ = SR
(iii) Now in quadrilateral PQRS, its one pair of opposite sides
PQ and SR is equal and parallel.
∴ PQRS is a parallelogram. Proved.
Q.2. ABCD is a rhombus and P, Q, R and S are the mid-points of the sides AB,
BC, CD and DA respectively. Show that the quadrilateral PQRS is a
rectangle.
Sol. Given : ABCD is a rhombus in which P, Q, R and S are mid points of
sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively :
To Prove : PQRS is a rectangle.
Construction : Join AC, PR and SQ.
Proof : In ∆ABC
P is mid point of AB [Given]
Q is mid point of BC [Given]
1
⇒ PQ || AC and PQ = 2 AC …(i) [Mid point theorem]
Similarly, in ∆DAC,
1
SR || AC and SR = 2 AC …(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we have PQ||SR and PQ = SR
⇒ PQRS is a parallelogram
[One pair of opposite sides is parallel and equal]
Since ABQS is a parallelogram
⇒ AB = SQ [Opposite sides of a || gm]
Similarly, since PBCR is a parallelogram.
⇒ BC = PR
Thus, SQ = PR [AB = BC]
Since SQ and PR are diagonals of parallelogram PQRS, which are equal.
⇒ PQRS is a rectangle. Proved.
Q.3. ABCD is a rectangle and P, Q, R and S are mid-points of the sides AB, BC,
CD and DA respectively. Show that the quadrilataral PQRS is a rhombus.
Sol. Given : A rectangle ABCD in which P, Q, R, S are
the mid-points of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively,
PQ, QR, RS and SP are joined.
To Prove : PQRS is a rhombus.
Construction : Join AC
 Proof : In ∆ABC, P and Q are the mid-points of the sides AB and BC.
1
∴ PQ || AC and PQ = AC …(i) [Mid point theorem]
2
Similarly, in ∆ADC,
1
SR || AC and SR = AC …(ii)
2
From (i) and (ii), we get
PQ || SR and PQ = SR …(iii)
Now in quadrilateral PQRS, its one pair of opposite sides PQ and SR is
parallel and equal [From (iii)]
∴PQRS is a parallelogram.
Now AD = BC …(iv)
[Opposite sides of a rectangle ABCD]
1 1
∴ AD = BC
2 2
⇒ AS = BQ
In ∆APS and ∆BPQ
AP = BP [∵ P is the mid-point of AB]
AS = BQ [Proved above]
∠PAS = ∠PBQ [Each = 90°]
∆APS ≅ ∆BPQ [SAS axiom]
∴ PS = PQ …(v)
From (iii) and (v), we have
PQRS is a rhombus Proved.
Q.4. ABCD is a trapezium in which
AB || DC, BD is a diagonal and E is the
mid-point of AD. A line is drawn through E
parallel to AB intersecting BC at F (see
Fig.). Show that F is the mid-point of BC.
Sol. Given : A trapezium ABCD with
AB || DC, E is the mid-point of AD and EF
|| AB. O
To Prove : F is the mid-point of BC.
Proof : AB || DC and EF || AB
⇒ AB, EF and DC are parallel.
Intercepts made by parallel lines AB, EF and DC on transversal AD are
equal.
∴ Intercepts made by those parallel lines on transversal BC are also
equal.
i.e., BF = FC
⇒ F is the mid-point of BC.
Q.5. In a parallelogram ABCD, E and F are the
mid-points of sides AB and CD respectively
(see Fig.). Show that the line segments AF
and EC trisect the diagonal BD.
Sol. Given : A parallelogram ABCD, in which
E and F are mid-points of sides AB and DC
respectively.
To Prove : DP = PQ = QB
Proof : Since E and F are mid-points of AB and DC respectively.
1 1
⇒ AE = AB and CF = DC …(i)
2 2
But, AB = DC and AB || DC …(ii)
[Opposite sides of a parallelogram]
∴ AE = CF and AE || CF.
⇒ AECF is a parallelogram.
[One pair of opposite sides is parallel and equal]
In ∆BAP,
E is the mid-point of AB
EQ || AP
⇒ Q is mid-point of PB [Converse of mid-point theorem]
⇒ PQ = QB …(iii)
Similarly, in ∆DQC,
P is the mid-point of DQ
DP = PQ …(iv)
From (iii) and (iv), we have
DP = PQ = QB
or line segments AF and EC trisect the diagonal BD. Proved.
Q.6. Show that the line segments joining the mid-points of the opposite sides of
a quadrilateral bisect each other.
Sol. Given : ABCD is a quadrilateral in which EG and
FH are the line segments joining the mid-points of
opposite sides.
To Prove : EG and FH bisect each other.
Construction : Join EF, FG, GH, HE and AC.
Proof : In ∆ABC, E and F are mid-points of AB and BC respectively.
1
∴ EF = AC and EF || AC …(i)
2
In ∆ADC, H and G are mid-points of AD and CD respectively.
1
∴ HG = AC and HG || AC …(ii)
2
From (i) and (ii), we get
EF = HG and EF || HG
∴ EFGH is a parallelogram.
[∵ a quadrilateral is a parallelogram if its
one pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel]
Now, EG and FH are diagonals of the parallelogram EFGH.
∴ EG and FH bisect each other.
[Diagonal of a parallelogram bisect each other] Proved.
Q.7. ABC is a triangle right angled at C. A line through the mid-point M of
hypotenuse AB and parallel to BC intersects AC at D. Show that
(i) D is the mid-point of AC.
(ii) MD ⊥ AC
1
(iii) CM = MA = AB
2
Sol. Given : A triangle ABC, in which ∠C = 90° and M is the mid-point of AB
and BC || DM.
To Prove : (i) D is the mid-point of AC
[Given]
(ii) DM ⊥ BC

1
(iii) CM = MA = AB
2
Construction : Join CM.
Proof : (i) In ∆ABC,
M is the mid-point of AB. [Given]
BC || DM [Given]
D is the mid-point of AC
[Converse of mid-point theorem] Proved.
(ii) ∠ADM = ∠ACB [∵ Coresponding angles]
But ∠ACB = 90° [Given]
∴ ∠ADM = 90°
But ∠ADM + ∠CDM = 180° [Linear pair]
∴ ∠CDM = 90°
Hence, MD ⊥ AC Proved.
(iii) AD = DC …(1) [ ∵ D is the mid-point of AC]
Now, in ∆ADM and ∆CMD, we have
∠ADM = ∠CDM [Each = 90°]
AD = DC [From (1)]
DM = DM [Common]
∴ ∆ADM ≅ ∆CMD [SAS congruence]
⇒ CM = MA …(2) [CPCT]
Since M is mid-point of AB,

1
∴ MA = AB …(3)
2

1
Hence, CM = MA = AB Proved. [From (2) and (3)]
2