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SUBMISSION

A project on the topic “Full wave rectifier” submitted

for Physics subject for year 2023-2024 of class 12th
for the fulfillment of the requirement for the syllabus as
prescribed by CBSE board.

Submitted by: Under guidance of:

Kshitij Sachan Mr.Nitin
Class XII A (Physics teacher)
Roll no.24
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INDEX
Sr.no TITLE DATE PAGE
1 CERTIFICATE 5/12/23 4
2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5/12/23 5
3 INTRODUCTION 5/12/23 6
4 MATERIALS REQUIRED 5/12/23 7
5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 5/12/23 8
6 WORKING 5/12/23 9
7 GRAPHS 5/12/23 10
8 APPLICATION 5/12/23 11
9 MERITS AND DEMERITS 5/12/23 12
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 5/12/23 13
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CERTIFICATE

This is hereby to certify that the original and genuine

investigation about the subject
matter and the related data collection and
investigation has been completed solely,
sincerely and satisfactorily.

The project having title “Full wave rectifier”

submitted by Kshitij Sachan is the record of student
work carried by him under supervision as the part of a
physics project during academic session 2023-2024.

External Signature:

Principal’s Signature:

Internal Signature:

School Stamp:
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks to my
physics teacher “Mr.Nitin sir” for their able guidance
and support in completing my project.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to the

Principal Mam “Mrs.Muriel Fernandes” providing me
With all the facilities that were required
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INTRODUCTION

A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify all the

alternating current components in an alternating supply and
make it purely a direct current.

The two alternating halves of an alternating current are

rectified in a full wave rectifier which is an advantage over a
half wave rectifier.

Most electronic devices cannot withstand very high voltage

or alternating current due to its intense high power. The use
of batteries in all devices is not practical as their replacement
and durability is a huge problem as the device has to be
dismantled each time for such a replacement.

So, these rectifiers are used in most of the electronic devices

like TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and Lightings etc.
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MATERIAL REQUIRED

1.Connecting wires

2.A plug

3.Single lead wire – 2m

4.3 nuts & Bolts 2 to 3 cm length

5.Circuit board

6.A Transformer

7.A capacitor

8.A Resistor (1 K Ω)

9.P-N junction diodes

10.A LED

11.Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax, soldering lead,

soldering iron & sand paper
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Connection details:

Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C. supply is

given to both the input wires of the transformer and the two
ends of the secondary coil is given to the P side of the two
diodes and the N side of the diodes are twined and then
connected to one end of the capacitor and the other end to
the center tap lead and to the resistor. Further, the other end
of the capacitor with the diode connection is connected to
the other end of the resistor. Connect 2 leads on both the
ends of the resistor to measure the output and this is
connected to the +ve & -ve terminals of the bulb.
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WORKING

1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps down

the 230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of delivering
a current of 500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearing across the
secondary is the RMS value and the peak value is 8.4 volts.
During the 1st half cycle of the A.C. input Diode D1 is forward
biased and a current ‘I’ flows in the circuit in the direction S
1D1 ABEOS1. During this time diode D2 is reverse biased. So,
it does not conduct any electric current. During the next half
cycle, the diodeD2 is forward and D1 is reversed. Hence D2
conducts current in the direction S2D2 ABEOS2and D1 does
not conduct any current. In subsequent half cycles of the A.C
current the above processes are repeated.

In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows through the
resistor in only one direction ABE. Even though the voltage
across RL is unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C
components. This is filtered and made smooth using a
capacitor, which filters 99% of the A.C current. A resistor is
then used to adjust the output voltage. Capacitor also nearly
filters all A.C components from the supply and resistance is
adjusted for the required output. As this is a simple circuit, only
one capacitor and a resistance are being used. But there will
be a slight factor of A.C. current still left in the output but it is
negligible. The output Direct Current and voltage light up the
LED.
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GRAPHS
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APPLICATION

1.Because of their low cost compared to center tapped,

they are widely used in power supply circuits.

2.This can be used to detect the amplitude of a modulated

radio signal.

3.Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply polarized voltage

in welding.

4.In daily life, rectifiers find use in mobile chargers.

5.These rectifiers are used in most of the electronic devices

like TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and Lightings etc.
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MERITS AND DEMERITS

Merits:

The rectification efficiency of a full wave rectifier is double

that of a half wave rectifier.

The ripple voltage is low and of higher Frequency in case of

a full wave rectifier so a simple filtering circuit is required.

Higher output voltage higher output power and higher TUF

in case of a full wave rectifier

In a full wave rectifier, there is no problem due to DC

saturation of the core because the DC currents in the two
halves of the transformer secondary flow in opposite
directions

Demerits:

Full wave rectifier needs more circuit elements and is

costlier.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sites and books referred:

wikipedia.com
Google search engine
Knowledgecycle.in
Physics NCERT book for class XII