COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOTECHNICS
ZOOLOGY
Laboratory Report
Name: BAYENG, JENNY A. Year & Section:BAS-1C Date: O6-12-2023
External and Internal Anatomy of a frog
I. ABSTRACT
The frog dissection aimed to identify some of the important external and internal anatomical features.
Externally, the examination focused on common anatomical structures, while internally, vital organ systems
such as the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and reproductive systems were explored. Notably, the frog's
sex was determined as male based on the presence of testes instead of ovaries. This practical experience
emphasizes the importance of precise dissection process/techniques for accurate anatomical identification.
II. INTRODUCTION
Many researchers and students perform dissections to comprehend the structure of the dissected species.
When dissecting a species, it involves identifying its various organs and understanding how they function.
When dissecting an organism, the primary focus is on identifying its various organs and comprehending their
functions.
In this lab activity, the specimen dissected was a frog, an amphibian capable of living both on land and in
water. Frogs are frequently used in dissections due to their body structure, offering a glimpse into internal
organs found in various organisms (Britannica). According to Farley (2018), while the workings of a frog's body
differ from that of humans, some similarities still exist. The arrangement and appearance of organs within the
frog bear similarity to those in humans, providing valuable insights for students into their functionality and
appearance.
The main objective of this activity is to explore the anatomy of a frog, aiming to gain a comprehensive
understanding of its internal structures and physiological mechanisms, which contributes to broader knowledge
in the field of biology and animal anatomy.
III. MATERIALS
Live frog Pillow pins
Lab gown Tissue
Dissecting kit Styrofoam
facemask Alcohol
gloves Trash bag
IV. PROCEDURES:
1. Prepare all the necessary materials and wear You must wear necessary laboratory PPE’s.
2. Observe the external structures of the frog. (eyes, tympanum, external nares, trunk, forelegs and its digits
and the cloaca).
3. After observing the frog’s external anatomy, prepare for the dissection. “Pith” or paralyze first the frog the
frog then pin its hindlims to the styrofoam using the pillow pins.
4. Observe the frog’s head, open it using scissors then locate the tongue, the teeth (maxillary and wolverine),
and its internal nares, the glottis, etc.
5. For the internal anatomy, open up the frog fist. Using scissors, lift the abdominal muscles away from the
body cavity so that the underlying tissues and organs won’t be damaged, then using the scalpel, make a
longitudinal incision along the ventral side of the frog's body, starting on the cloaca up to the head. Spread
apart the incision to reveal the internal organs. Then make additional cuts in the breastbone to expose the
organs in the upper body.
(Note: If your specimen is female, the body may be filled with eggs.)
6. Identify each organ (Circulatory System, Respiratory System, Excretory/Digestive system, Muscular system
or even the Nervous System) as it is exposed. These includes the, lungs, heart, liver, stomach, intestines,
kidneys, bladder, pancreas, mesentery, spleen, conus arteriosus and reproductive organs. Use forceps to
carefully examine each organ as it is identified.
7. Once all organs have been identified and documented, remove any remaining pins and dispose of them
properly specially the frog (must bury it). Clean up any debris or waste materials from the Styrofoam as well as
the surrounding area.
V. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the dissection of the frog allowed us to identify various parts and organs of the frog's
body. Through this experience, we also learned that the internal and external organs of the frog are
positioned similarly to that of a human. We were also able to determine that the frog we dissected was
male due to the presence of testes and the absence of eggs and ovaries. Through this activity, we
gained knowledge on the proper process steps in cutting/dissecting a frog. Overall, the dissection of the
frog was a valuable learning experience that provided us with a better understanding of the external
and internal anatomy of the frog/amphibians.
VI. REFERENCES
-Farley, A. (2018). Similarities of Frogs & Humans. Sciencing. https://sciencing.com/similarities-
frogs-humans-8531808.html.
-Ronquillo, (2021). Frog dissection. https://www.scribd.com/document/504126959/ Frog-dissection
-Muskopf, (2019). Frog Dissection: external and internal. Bio Libretexts.
https://bio.libretexts.org/learnign_objeccts/worksheets/Book_Thebiology_Corner_(worksheet)/
Anatomy_worksheets/Frog_Dissecction_External_and _Internal.
-Low, P., Molnar, K., & Kriska, G. (2016). Dissection of a frog (Rana sp..). Atlas of Animal
Anatomy and Histology, 213–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_10
VII. DOCUMENTATIONS
Preparing to open up the frog
Duringt hee dissection
(Our kind of teamwork
Finally opened the frog:))
-ready for identifying its internal organs
Trying to identify
Our grouffie:))
Doc Reden helping us look for some
organs
