GATE-DATA SCIENCE AND AI
Linear Algebra
Lecture No.- Discussion (02) By- Rahul sir
Slide
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. (a) In 2
, express the vector (2,4) as a linear combination of the
vector (0,3) and (2,1)
(b) In 3
, express the vector (2, 3, –2) as a linear combination of the
vectors (0, 1, 0), (1, 2, –1) and (1,1, –2).
(c) In M2, 2, express the matrix as a linear combination of
1 −1 0 −2
the matrices and 0 1 .
Slide 3 0 2
Slide
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. (a) In ℝ2 , let v1 = (0, 3) and v2 = (2,1). Calculate the linear
combination 4v1 – 2v2.
(b) In ℝ4 , let v1 = (1, 2, 1, 3) and v2 = (2, 1, 0, –1). Calculate the linear
combination 3v1 + 2v2.
Slide 5
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. For each of the following vector spaces V and vectors v1, v2 and v3
in V, form the linear combination 3v1 –2v2 + v3 .
(a) V = P3, v1 = 1 + x + x2, v2 =1 – x, v3 = x + x2.
1 0 2 2 −1 0 −1 0 0
(b) V = M2,3, v1 = , v2 = , v3 = .
0 −1 3 0 3 −4 0 2 1
Slide 7
Slide
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. (a) Given the basis E = {(1,2), (–3, 1)} for ℝ2 , determine the
standard coordinate representation of (2, 1)E.
(b) Given the basis E = {(1, 0, 2), (–1, 1, 3), (2, –2, 0)}for ℝ3 ,
determine the standard coordinate representation of (1, 1, –1)E.
Slide 9
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. Show that neither of the following sets is a real vector space.
(a) V = {(x, y) ℝ2 : y = 2x +1}
0 𝛼
(b) 𝑉 = : 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ ℤ
𝑏 𝑐
Slide 11
Slide
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. Show that neither of the following sets is a real vector space.
(a) V = {all polynomials of degree equal to 5}
(b) V = {a + bi ℂ: a 0}
Slide 13
Slide
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. In each case, determine whether set S of matrices is a linearly
independent subset of M2,2.
0 1 0 –1
(a) 𝑆=
0 2 –2 1
0 −1 −1 2
(b) 𝑆=
0 2 0 −4
Slide 15
Slide
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. Show that each of the following is a spanning set forℝ2 .
(a) {(1, 1), (–1, 2)}
(b) {(2, –1), (3, 2)}
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Slide
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. Show that {(1, 0, ,0), (1, 1, 0)(2, 0, 1)} is a spanning set for ℝ3 .
The following worked exercise shows that Strategy C6 can be used for
vector spaces other than ℝ2 and ℝ3 .
Slide 19
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. For each of the following, determine whether the set S is a subspace
of the vector space V.
(a) V = P3, S = {a + bx : a, b ℝ }
(b) V = P3, S = {x + ax2 : a, b ℝ }
𝑎 1
(c) V = M2,2, 𝑆 = : 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ
0 𝑑
Slide 21
Slide
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. In each of the following cases, determine whether S is a linearly
independent subset of the vector space V.
(a) V = P4, S = {1, x, x2 , x3, 1 + x + x2 +x3 }
1 2 1 0
(b) V = M2,2 , 𝑆 = ,
0 −1 −1 2
1 1 1 0 1 1
(c) V = M2,2 , 𝑆 = , ,
0 1 1 1 1 1
(d) V = ℂ, S {1 + i , 1 – i }
Slide 23
Slide
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. Show that each of the following is a spanning set for ℝ2 .
(a) {(1, 2), (2, –3)}
(b) {(1,0), (1,1), (1, –2)}
Slide 25
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. Show that {1 + x, 1 +x2, 1 + x3, x} is a spanning set for P4.
Slide 27
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. (a) Verify that {(3,4,0), (8,–6,0), (0,0,5)} is an orthogonal basis for
ℝ3 .
(b) Express the vector (10,0, 4) in terms of this basis.
Slide 29
Slide
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. For each of the following vector spaces V and sets of vector S in V,
determine S.
(a) V = ℝ3 , S = {(1, 0, 0)}.
2 0 −1 0
(b) 𝑉 = 𝑀2,2 , 𝑆 = ,
0 3 0 2
Slide 31
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. (a) Find the E-coordinate representation of the vector (5,–4) with
respect to the basis E = {(1,2), (–3, 1)} for ℝ3 .
(b) Find the E-coordinate representation of the vector (–3, 5, 7) with
respect to the basis E = {(1, 0, 2), (–1, 1, 3), (2, –2, 0)} for ℝ3 .
Slide 33
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. If A and B are two matrices and if AB exists, then BA exists-
(a) Only if A has as many rows as B has columns
(b) Only if both A and B are square matrices
(c) Only if A and B are skew matrices
(d) Only if both A and B are sysmmetirc.
Slide 35
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. Determine whether each of the following sets is a basis for ℝ3 .
(a) {(0, 1, 2), (0, 2, 3), (0, 6, 1)}
(b) {(1,2,1), (1,0,–1), (0, 3, 1)}
(c) {(1, 0, 0), (0,1, 0), (0, 0, 1), (1,1,1)}
Slide 37
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. Determine whether {(1.2, –1, –1),( –1,5,1,3)} is a basis for ℝ4 .
Slide 39
Slide
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. Determine whether each of the following sets of vectors is a linearly
independent subset of V.
(a) V = ℝ2 , {(1, 0,), (–1, –1)}.
(b) V = ℝ2 ℝ2 , {(1, –1,), (1, 1), (2, 1)}.
(c) V = ℝ3 , {(1,1, 0,), (–1, ,1,1)}.
(d) V = ℝ3 , {(1, 0, 0,), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1)}.
(e) V = ℝ4 , {(1, 2, 1,0), (0, –1, 1, 3)}.
Slide 41
Topic : Linear Algebra
#Q. (a) Show that (2,1,1) and (1, –4, 2) are orthogonal.
(b) Determine which of the following vectors are orthogonal:
V1 = (–2, 6, 1), v2 = (9, 2, 6) , v3 = (4, –15, –1)
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THANK - YOU
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